UYise Junipero Serra nguYise weMisebenzi
UBawo Junipero Serra ubizwa ngokuba ngu-Baba waseCalifornia. Yena ngokwakhe wasungula ama-9 aseCalifornia eMishini yaseSpain waza wakhonza njengomongameli we-California mission ukusuka ngo-1767 de wafa ngo-1784.
Ubomi bukaBawo uSerra
UBra Serra wazalelwa uMiguel Jose Serra ngoNovemba 24, 1713, ePetra kwisiqithi saseMallorca eSpain. Xa eneminyaka eyi-16, wangena kwi-Order yaseFranciscan yeCawa yamaKatolika, iqela lababingeleli abalandela imfundiso ye-St.
Francis wase Assisi. Xa wajoyina umyalelo, waguqula igama lakhe eJunipero.
USerra wayengumntu onengqondo owayenguprofesa wezobufundisi. Wayebonakala enenjongo yokuphila ngokuqhubekayo kwemfundo.
UBra Serra Uya kwihlabathi elitsha
Ngo-1750, uYise Serra wayesekhulile (ngokwemigangatho yosuku lwakhe) kunye nempilo embi. Nangona kunjalo, uSerra wanikela ngokuzithandela ukuba abe ngumthunywa wevangeli waseFrancisco kwiLizwe elitsha.
USerra wayegula xa efika eVera Cruz, eMexico, kodwa wagxininisa ukuhamba ukusuka apho ukuya eMexico City, eekhilomitha ezingama-200. Endleleni, umlingo uyamluma, kwaye ukuluma kuye kwasuleleka. Olu bungozi lwalukhathaza ubomi bakhe bonke.
UBra Serra wasebenza eSier Gorda kwingingqi enyakatho yeMexico iminyaka eli-17 ezayo. Ngo-1787, amaFranciscans athatha ama-Jesuits ama-California, kwaye uYise Serra wabekwa icala.
UBra Serra uya eKalifornia
Xa wayeneminyaka engama-56 ubudala, uSerra waya eKalifornia okokuqala ngqa nomqhubi uGaspar de Portola.
Iinjongo zabo bezopolitiko kunye nenkolo. ISpeyin yayifuna ukulawula iCalifornia ngaphambi kokuba amaRussia aqhubekele kuwo evela ngasentla.
USerra wahamba kunye namajoni waza wasungula intlanganiso kwintsimi entsha. Endleleni eya eCalifornia, umlenze uSerra wayenzima kangangokuthi wayengenakuhamba, kodwa akazange abuyele eMexico.
Ucatshulwa esithi: "Nangona kufuneka ndife endleleni, andiyi kubuya."
USerra Uba nguYise we-California Missions
USerra wasebenzisa ubomi bakhe bonke njengentloko yeentlanganiso zaseKalifornia, esungula imisebenzi enesithoba kubo bonke - kuquka iMission San Carlos de Borromeo eKarmeli apho wayenomkhulu wayo.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto ezazifezekileyo, uSerra wazisa iinkqubo zolimo kunye neenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela waza waguqula amaNdiya ebuKristwini. Ngelishwa, akusiyo yonke imiphumo yeSpanishi yokuhlala. Abafundisi baseSpain namajoni bathatha izifo zaseYurophu abahlali babengenalo mkhuhlane. Xa amaNdiya abanjwe eso sifo, bahlala befa. Ngenxa yoko, abantu baseIndiya baseCalifornia benqabile ukusuka kuma-300,000 ngo-1769 ukuya kuma-200,000 ngowe-1821.
UBra Serra wayengumntu omncinci owayesebenza nzima naphezu kweempilo ezibandakanya i-asthma nesifo emlenzeni wakhe ongazange aphilise. Ukunyamezeleka kwakhe kwaza kwahamba kwaye yahamba ihamba ngehashe ngamakhulu eekhilomitha kwiindawo ezinobungozi nezingozi.
Njengokuba oko kwakungeke kwanele, uSerra wayaziwa ngezenzo ezijoliswe ekuphikeleni izifiso zakhe zomzimba kunye nokutya, ngamanye amaxesha ngokuzibangela intlungu. Wayenxibe iikhati ezinzima kunye neentambo ezibukhali ezibhekwe ngaphakathi, zibethelwa yada yaza yatsholwa, kwaye yayisebenzisa ikhandlela elivuthayo ukuze libhence esifubeni sayo.
Nangona konke oku, wahamba ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-24 000 ebomini bakhe.
UBra Serra wafa ngo-1784 eneminyaka engama-70 eMission San Carlos de Borromeo. Wangcwatywa phantsi komgangatho ongcwele.
USerra Uba nguNgcwele
Ngowe-1987, uPapa uJohn Paul II wanyanzelisa uYise Serra, inyathelo eliya kwi-sainthood. Ngo-2015, uPapa Francis wenza uSerra ingcwele ngexesha lokutyelela e-United States.
Ngo-2015, uPapa Francis wamnceda uSerra, wamenza waba ngcwele. Kwakuyinto eyenziwa ngabantu abathile kwaye abanye bagwetywa. Ukuba ufuna ukufumana umbono kumacandelo omabini, funda le ngcaciso evela kwi-CNN, equka ulwazi oluvela kwisizukulwana sama-America aseMerika asebenza ukufumana i-sinthood yeSerra.
Imisebenzi eyenziwe nguBawo Serra
- I-San Diego de Alcala , ngo-1769
- San Carlos de Borromeo de Carmelo , 1770
- San Antonio de Padua , 1771
- ISan Gabriel Arcangel , ngo-1771
- San Luis Obispo de Tolosa , 1772
- ISan Juan Capistrano , 1776
- ISan Francisco de Asis , 1776
- USanta Clara de Asis , 1777
- San Buenaventura , 1782