Indawo, iMbali, Iindleko zokunyuka, kunye neNye iNtaba eNentshisekelo ye-Everest Facts
INtaba i-Everest iphezu komda phakathi kweTibet kunye neNepal kwii-Himalaya e-Asia.
I-Everest ikhona kwi-Mahalangur Range kwi-Plateau yaseTibetan eyaziwa njengeQing Zang Gaoyuan. Ingqungquthela ngqo phakathi kweTibet neNepal.
INtaba uEverest igcina inkampani ende. I-Mahalangur Range likhaya kwikota emithathu ephezulu emhlabeni. Intaba ye-Everest uhlobo lwezinto ezisezantsi. Amaxesha okuqala eNepal kaninzi abaqinisekanga ukuba yiyiphi intaba i-Everest de kubekho umntu ocacileyo!
Kwinqanaba laseNepali, iNtaba i-Everest itholakala kwiSagarmatha National Park kwiSithili saseSolukhumbu. Ngecala laseTibetan, iNtaba i-Everest itholakala kwiNgingqi yaseTingri kwi-Xigaze, into eyenziwa yiTshayina ibe yindawo yokuzimela kunye nenxalenye yeRiphablikhi yabantu baseChina.
Ngenxa yezithintelo zezopolitiko kunye nezinye izinto, icala laseNepali le-Everest lifikelela kufumaneke kwaye lidla ngokubonakalayo. Xa umntu athi " baya e-Everest Base Camp ," bathetha ngeSouth Base Camp kwii-17,598 iinyawo eNepal.
Intaba ephakamileyo ye-Mount Everest?
Uphando olufunyenwe yiNepal kunye neChina (ngoku ngoku) lunikeze: iingu-29,029 iimitha (8,840 kumitha) ngaphezu kwezinga elwandle.
Njengoko iteknoloji iphucula, iindlela zokuhlola ezahlukeneyo ziqhubeka zivelisa iziphumo ezahlukileyo zokuphakama ngokoqobo kweNtaba i-Everest. Iingcali ze-geologists zivumelani nokuba ingaba imilinganiselo imele isekelwe kwikhefu elingunaphakade okanye ilitye. Ukongeza kwixinzelelo lwabo, ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic kwenza intaba ikhule kancane konyaka!
Kwimitha engama-29,029 (8,840 kumitha) ngaphezu kwezinga lezilwandle, iNtaba i-Everest yintaba ephezulu kunye neyona ndawo iphakamileyo emhlabeni ngokusekelwe kumgangatho wolwandle.
Ama-Himalayas ase-Asiya- intaba ephakamileyo kunazo zonke ehlabathini- kwiindawo ezimashumi ezintandathu: i-China, Nepal, Indiya, Pakistan, iBhutan kunye ne-Afghanistan. I-Himalaya ithetha "ukuhlala kweqhwa" kwisiSanskrit.
Igama elithi "Everest" lavela phi?
Okumangalisayo kukuba, intaba ende yehlabathi ayizange ifumane igama layo leNtshona kunoma ubani oye wenyuka. Intaba ibizwa ngokuba nguSir George Everest, umPhezulu we-Wales wase-Welsh waseNdiya ngelo xesha. Akazange afune ihlonipho kwaye wabhikisha imbono ngezizathu ezininzi.
Amapolitiki ngo-1865 awazange alaphule aze athi "I-Peak XV" kwi "Everest" ngozuko lukaSir George Everest. Okubi nakakhulu, ukutshilwa kwe-Welsh kunene ngokwenene "ukuphumla kwe-Eave" kungekhona "u-Ever-est"!
INtaba i-Everest sele sele inegama elithile leendawo zengingqi eziguqulelwe kwii-alphabets ezahlukeneyo, kodwa akukho nto yayisetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni ukwenza igosa ngaphandle kokulimaza iimvakalelo zomntu. I-Sagarmatha, igama lesiNepali le-Everest kunye nepaki yesizwe ejikelezile, ayizange isetyenziswe de kube ngama-1960.
Igama lesiTibetan le-Everest li-Chomolungma elithetha "uMama oNgcwele."
Ziyindleko Kangakanani ukunyuka kweNtaba ye-Everest?
Ukunyuka kwentaba i-Everest kuyabiza . Kwaye enye yezo zizame apho unqwenela khona ukusika iingcingo kwizinto ezincinci okanye uqeshe umntu ongazi into abakwenzayo.
Imvume evela kurhulumente waseNepal ixabisa i-US $ 11,000 nganye. Lelo liqabane elibiza. Kodwa enye into engekho-ke-encinci yemali kunye neentlawulo zithatha ngokukhawuleza.
Uya kuthi uhlawulwe ngemini kwinqanaba eliphantsi ukuze ukhulule esandleni, i-inshurensi ukuze ufumane umzimba wakho ukuba ukhutshwe ukuba kuyimfuneko ... iifizi ziyakhuphuka ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwii-25,000 zamawaka ngaphambi kokuba uthenge isiqwenga sokuqala okanye uqeshe iSherpas nesikhokelo.
"Udokotela weDraf" uSherpas olungiselela indlela yexesha ufuna isinxephezelo. Uyakuhlawula iifizi zemihla ngemihla zokupheka, ukufikelela kwefowuni, ukususwa kwemfucuza, ukubikezela kwemozulu, njl. -Ukuba ube seBase Camp ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, kuxhomekeke kwithuba elide ulungelelanise ngayo.
Iigesi ezinokumelana nesihogo esixhomekeke kwisihambeli se-Everest asibizi. Ibhotile ye-oxygen ye-3-liter ye-oksijini inokubiza imali engaphezu kwama-$ 500 ngamnye. Uzakufuna okungenani ezintlanu, mhlawumbi ngaphezulu. Kuya kufuneka uthenge iSherpas, nayo. Iibhola ezilinganisiweyo ngokufanelekileyo kunye ne-suit suit ziza kubiza okungenani i-$ 1,000.
Ukukhetha izinto ezincinci kunokubhatala iinzwane. Iimpahla zomntu zihlala zihamba phakathi kwee-7,000 ukuya kwii-10 000 kwihambo nganye.
Ngokutsho kombhali, isithethi, kunye ne-Seven-Summit i-Alan Arnette, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo ukuya kufutshane ne-Everest ukusuka ngasentla kunye nekhokelo leNtshona liyi-$ 64,750 ngo-2017.
Ngowe-1996, iqela likaJon Krakauer lihlawule i-$ 65,000 nganye kwiintlanganiso zabo. Ukuba ufuna ngokwenene ukwandisa amathuba akho okufikelela phezulu kwaye uhlala uphila ukuze uxelele ngawo, uya kufuna ukuqasha uDavid Hahn. Ngama-15 okuzama ukuphumelela, ugcina irekhodi lomngqongqo ongeyena uSherpa. Ukumakisha kunye naye kuya kukubiza ngaphezu kwe-115,000.
Ngubani oye wenyuka kwi-Mount Everest kuqala?
USir Edmund Hillary, umlimi waseNew Zealand kunye neNepalese Sherpa yakhe, Ukuqeda iNorgay, beyokuqala ukufikelela esi sihlanganisweni ngoMeyi 29, 1953, malunga ne-11: 30 ekuseni. Kuthiwa i-duo ingcwatywe ngamacandi kunye nomnqamlezo omncinci ngaphambi kokuhla bhiyozela ukuba yinxalenye yembali.
Ngelo xesha, iTibet yavalwa kubantu basemzini ngenxa yokungqubuzana neChina. I-Nepal yavumela uhambo olulodwa lwe-Everest ngonyaka; Uhambo oludlulileyo lwalusondele kakhulu kodwa lwahluleka ukufikelela kwiintlanganiso.
Ukuphikisana kunye neengcamango zisaluchukunyiswa malunga nokuba ungeyena umqhubi waseBrithani uGeorge Mallory ofike kwiintlanganiso ngo-1924 ngaphambi kokubhubha entabeni. Umzimba wakhe awufunyanwanga de kube ngowama-1999. I-Everest yinto enhle kakhulu ekuveliseni iingxabano kunye noqhinga.
Iingxelo ezibonakalayo zeEverst Climbing Records
- I-Apa Sherpa yafikelela ngempumelelo kwiintlanganiso ezingama-21 ngoMeyi 2011. Ngoku uhlala e-Utah.
- Ngo-2013, u-Sherpa Phurba Tashi ubophe u-Apa Sherpa kunye nomzamo wakhe wokuphumelela wesi-21. I-Tashi yaziwa kakuhle ngendima yakhe kwintsimi ye- Sherpa yonyaka ka-2015.
- I-American Dave Hahn inombolo yerekhodi yemigudu ephumelelayo ye-non-Sherpa; Wafika kwesi sihlandlo ngo-15 wakhe ngoMeyi 2013.
- UJordan Romero-inkwenkwe eneminyaka engama-13 ubudala evela eCalifornia-wabeka irekhodi lokuba ngumncinci ukunyuka kwentaba ye-Everest ngoMeyi 22, 2010. Wenza intlanganiso kunye noyise kunye nonina. Kwakhona wahamba waba ngowona mncinci ekugqibeni ukunyuka kweeShenxe zeSistim.
- UMelika uMelissa Arnot wamncedisa ixesha lesi-5 ngo-2013. Uphethe irekhodi lempumelelo eyenziwa ngumfazi ongeyena uSherpa.
Ukunyuka kwentaba Everest
Ngenxa yokuba le ngqungquthela ithe ngqo phakathi kweTibet neNepal, iNtaba i-Everest inokwenyuka ukusuka kwicala laseTibet (umda osempumalanga) okanye ukusuka kwicala laseNepal (ngasempuma-mpuma).
Ukuqala eNepal kunye nokunyuka ukusuka kwintshona-mpuma kummandla jikelele kubonwa njengento elula, zombini ukunyuka kweentaba kunye nezizathu zobukhosi. Ukunyuka ukusuka ngasenyakatho kukuncinci, kodwa, ukuhlangulwa kunzima kakhulu kwaye iinqwelo-moya azivumelekanga ukuba zifake kwicala laseTibetan.
Uninzi lwabagibeli bazama ukunyuka iNtaba i-Everest ukusuka ecaleni lentshona-ntshona eNepal, ukuqala kwii-17,598 ii-Everest Base Camp.
Ukuhla kweNtaba Everest
Ininzi yokufa kwiNtaba i-Everest ivela ngexesha lokuzalwa. Ngokuxhomekeka kwixesha elithile elishiya i-summit, kufuneka bahlele ngokukhawuleza xa befikelela phezulu ukuze baphephe ukuphuma kwe-oxygen. Ixesha lihlala lichasene nabakhuphuli kwi-Death Zone. Bambalwa kakhulu ukuza kuphumla, ukuphumla, okanye ujonge umboniso emva komsebenzi onzima!
Nangona abanye abakhuphukayo bahlala ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukwenza umnxeba ngefowuni.
Iziphakamiso ezingaphezulu kwei-8,000 zamamitha (26,000 feet) eziphakamileyo zibhekwa njenge "Indawo yokuFafa" ekuhlaleni. Indawo iyahlala egameni layo. Amanqanaba e-oksijeni kuloo ndawo aphezulu kakhulu (malunga neyesithathu yomoya okhoyo kwinqanaba lolwandle) ukuxhasa ubomi bomntu. Uninzi lwabagibeli, esele luphelelwe ngumzamo, luza kufa ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokufumana oksijini.
Ngezinye izikhathi ukubola kwe-retinal okwehlayo kwenzeka kwiNdawo yokuFafa, kubangele ukuba abagibeli bahambe bangaboni. Umntu oneminyaka engama-28 ubudala waseBrithani wasuka ngokukhawuleza waphuphuka ngo-2010 ngexesha lokuzalwa kwakhe waza wabhubha entabeni.
Ngo-1999, uBabu Chiri Sherpa wabeka irekhodi elitsha ngokuhlala kwiintlanganiso ngeeyure ezingama-20. Waye walala entabeni! Ngokudabukisayo, isikhokelo esichukumisayo saseNepalese sabhubha ngo-2001 emva kokuwa kweyeshumi.
Ukufa kwe-Everest
Nangona ukufa kwiNtaba i-Everest kufumana ingqwalaselo emininzi ngenxa yeentaba ezingabonakaliyo, u-Everest ngokuqinisekileyo akayiyo intaba efile kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
U-Annapurna I eNepal unomlinganiselo ophezulu wokunciphisa ukunyuka, malunga nama-34 eepesenti-ngaphezulu kweyodwa kwizithathu ezikhuphukayo zibhubha ngokomyinge. Okumangalisayo kukuba, u-Annapurna ugqibela kwiphepha leentaba ezili-10 eziphezulu kwihlabathi. Ngeepesenti ezingama-29, i-K2 inezinga lesibini lokufa.
Ngokuthelekiswa, iNtaba i-Everest inezinga lokufa kwelo xesha eliphakathi kwama-4-5 ekhulwini; Ukufa kwabantu abangaphantsi kwe-5 kwiintlanganiso ezili-100. Eli nani alibandakanyi abo bafa kuma-avalanche ahlasela i-Base Camp.
Ixesha elifa kunazo zonke kwimbali yeemvavanyo ze-Everest kwaba ngowama-1996 xa imimoya engafanelekanga kunye nezigqibo ezimbi zabangelwa ukufa kwabantu abayi-15. Ixesha eliyingozi kwiNtaba i-Everest lijolise kwiincwadi ezininzi, kuquka i-Jon Krakauer kwi-Air .
Ingqungquthela eyingozi kunazo zonke kwimbali yeNtaba i-Everest yenzeke ngo-Ephreli 25, 2015, xa abantu abangama-19 balahlekelwa ubomi babo kwi-Base Camp. Ingqungquthela yabangela ukuzamazama komhlaba okonakalisa ezininzi zelizwe. Unyaka odlulileyo, i-avalanche yawabulala i-Sherpas kwi-Base Camp eyayilungiselela iindlela zexesha. Ixesha lokunyuka lavalwa.
Ukuhamba kwi-Everest Base Camp
I-Everest Base Camp eNepal ihanjelwa ngamashumi amawaka abahamba ngomnyaka ngamnye. Akukho mava okuphucula okanye izixhobo zobugcisa kuyimfuneko ukunyuka okunzima. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufuneka ukwazi ukujongana nokubanda (amamitha alula e-plywood kwiindawo zokulala azinashushu) kwaye ahambelane nokuphakama.
Kwi-Camp Camp, kukho i-53 ekhulwini kuphela ye-oksijini ekhoyo elwandle. Abaqhankqalazi abaningana ngonyaka bawutyesheli impawu zoLuntu lweNtlungu kwaye baya kutshabalala endleleni. Okumangalisayo kukuba, abo bahamba ngokuzimela kwiNepal bafumana iingxaki ezimbalwa. I-theory eqhubayo ibonisa ukuba abahambahambayo kwiihotele ezilungeleyo banako ukwesaba ukuyeka iqela ngokuthetha malunga nentloko.
Ukungahoyi iimpawu ze-AMS (intloko, intlanzi, ukuphazamiseka) kuyingozi kakhulu-musa!
Iintaba ezili-10 ezide kakhulu kwihlabathi
Imilinganiselo isekelwe kumgangatho wolwandle.
- INtaba Everest: 29,035 iinyawo (8,850 iimitha)
- I-K2 (ephakathi kweTshayina nePakistan): i- 28,251 iinyawo (8,611 amitha)
- I-Kangchenjunga (ephakathi kweNdiya neNepal): i- 28,169 iinyawo (8,586 iimitha)
- I-Lhotse (inxalenye yoluhlu lwe-Everest): ii- 27,940 iinyawo (8,516 kumitha)
- Makalu (ephakathi kweNepal neChina): ii- 27,838 ii-8,485 iimitha)
- Cho Oyu (kufuphi ne-Mount Everest phakathi kweNepali neChina): ii- 26,864 ii-8,188 iimitha)
- Dhaulagiri I (Nepal): 26,795 iinyawo (8,167 iimitha)
- Manaslu (eNepal): 26,781 iinyawo (8,163 iimitha)
- Nanga Parbat (Pakistan): ii- 26,660 iinyawo (8,126 iimitha)
- U-Annapurna I (uNepal): ii- 26,545 iiinyawo (8,091 amitha)