Cinga ukuba uyazi yonke into eyaziwayo malunga nentaba ende kunazo zonke zehlabathi? Cinga kwakhona! Sineenkcukacha ezisixhenxe ezisiwayo malunga neMat. Everest enesiqiniseko sokukunika imbono emitsha kule ngqungquthela.
01 ngo 07
Njani iTall i-Everest?
Umbono omeleyo ka-Everest. Paula Bronstein / Getty Izithombe Emuva ngo-1955 iqela labaphandi baseIndiya ba tyelela u-Everest ukwenza umlinganiselo osemthethweni wokuphakama kwentaba. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kakhulu zomhla, bazimisele ukuba ngama 29,029 ngeenyawo ezingaphezu kwezinga elwandle, ehlala ephakamileyo esemthethweni eyaziwa yi-Nepali kunye noorhulumente baseTshayina namhlanje.
Kodwa, ngowama-1999 iNational Geographic Team yafaka isixhobo se-GPS esiqongweni kwaye sarekhoda ubude njengamainyawo angama-29,035. Emva koko, ngo-2005, iqela laseTshayina lisebenzisa izixhobo ezichanekileyo zokulinganisa intaba njengoko yayiza kuma ngaphandle kweqhwa nekhephu eqokelele phezulu. Umlinganiselo wabo wesigqeba wangena kwii-29,017 iinyawo.
Yiyiphi enye yale milinganiselo ilungile? Okwangoku, ukuphakama okusemthethweni kwe-Everest kuhleli ngamagidi angama-29,029, kodwa izicwangciso ziza kufana nokulinganisela intaba kwakhona, ingakumbi kuba kukholwa ukuba ukuphakama kunokutshintsha emva kokuzamazama komhlaba kuka-2015. Mhlawumbi siza kufikelela ekugqibeleni sivumelane ngokuphakama okwenyani ekugqibeleni.
02 we-07
I-Mystery yeMallory's Camera
UGeorge Mallory no-Andrew Irvine kwi-Himalaya. Ingqungquthela yokuphumelela yokuqala ye-Everest yabhalwa nguEdmund Hillary kunye nokuQinisa iNorgay ngoMeyi 29, 1953. Kodwa, kukho abathile bakholelwa ukuba yenyuka kakhulu ngaphambili.
Emuva ngo-1924, i-climber egama linguGeorge Mallory, kunye no-Andrew Irvine umlingani, yayiyinxalenye yendlela yokuzama ukugqiba ukuphakama kokuqala kwentaba. I-duo yagqitywa ngokugqibela ngoJuni 8 waloo nyaka nje nge-summit kodwa yenza inkqubela phambili. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, bavele beshiya, beshiya imfihlelo yezintaba iminyaka. Ngaba ngokwenene baye benza phezulu phantse emashumi amathathu eminyaka phambi koHillary noNorgay okanye ngaba babulawa kwimizamo?
Ngowe-1999, iqela labaqhubi bafumanisa i-Mallory's remains high kwiintlambo ze-Everest. Umzimba wenza okuncinci ukuba ubonakalise ukuba okanye awufiki ngempela kwi-summit kwaye ngelitshi ikhamera yeqela ayifumanekanga phakathi kwendawo yakhe. Kukholelwa ukuba i-Irvine yayithwele ikhamera xa iyenyuka, kwaye eso sixhobo sinokubamba ubungqina bezithombe zempumelelo okanye ukungaphumeleli. Kuze kube namhlanje, umzimba ka-Irvine - kunye nekhamera - ayitholakalanga, kodwa ukuba ingafunyanwa, ingaba yitshintshe imbali yeentaba ngonaphakade.
03 we-07
Ngubani oye wenyuka kakhulu kunene?
Ukuhamba nge-Khumbu Valley kwi-Everest Base Camp. Kraig Becker Ukunyuka kwe-Everest ayikho nto encinci, kwaye ukufikelela phezulu kukuhlala kukufezekisa kakhulu. Kodwa kubantu abathile, ukunyuka kwentaba sele kungeyanele. Enyanisweni, amadoda amabili - Apa Sherpa kunye nePhurba Tashi Sherpa - ahlanganyeliswe kwiifomiti eziphumelele kakhulu zeentaba. Bobabini abakhweli baye bema phezulu kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwiMhlaba amaxesha angama-21 nganye .
Ingxelo yenkampu enkulu ye-sherpa ibanjwe ngu-American Dave Hahn, isikhokelo seMetro Expeditions. Wenze uhambo oluya kwiintlanganiso ezili-15 ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ibhinqa elinamaninzi akhuphukayo nguLhakpa Sherpa, oye wenyuka entabeni ngokukhawuleza kathathu.
04 we-07
Ukunyuka okukhawulezayo
I-North Side yeMat. Everest eTibet. Joe Hastings Kwabaninzi abakhwelayo, ukufikelela kwintlanganiso kuthatha iintsuku eziliqela kunye nokuyeka kwiinkampu ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuphumla nokubuyela endleleni. Kodwa abambalwa abanobuchule be-alpinists baye bakwazi ukuphuma kwi-Base Camp ukuya kwi-summit ngokukhawuleza kwexesha, ukubeka iirekhodi zesantya kwinkqubo.
Ngokomzekelo, ixesha elikhawulezayo lenkundla ye-Everest evela kwi-South Side eNepal njengamanje ibanjwe yiLakpa Gelu Sherpa oye wakwazi ukuhamba esuka kwi-BC ukuya phezulu kwiiyure ezili-10 nje kunye nemizuzu engama-56 emva ko-2003. I-Tibet, irekhodi limi kwiiyure ezingama-16 kunye nemizuzu engama-45 kwaye yamiselwa ngumqhubi waseNtaliyane uHans Kammerlander ngo-1996.
05 we-07
Umkhosi wePua: Ukufuna imvume kwiNtaba kaThixo
Amaflegi emithandazo eBuddhist e-Himalaya. Kraig Becker Ngenkcubeko yamaBuddha ye-Himalaya Everest yaziwa ngokuba yiChoololma, eguqulela "uMamakazikazi weentaba." Ngaloo ndlela, ingqungquthela ibonakala kwindawo eyoyikisayo, ifuna ukuba zonke iintaba zicele imvume kunye nephepha elikhuselekileyo ngaphambi kokuba bahambe unyawo entabeni. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha lomkhosi we-puja, oqhelekileyo ogcinwe kwi-Base Camp ngaphambi kokuqala kokunyuka.
I-puja eyenziwa yiBuddhist Lama kunye neendonki ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, ezakha ukuguqulwa kwamatye ekampini. Ngethuba lo mbhiyo bacela inzuzo kunye nokukhuselwa njengoko abagibeli belilungiselela ukunyuka kwabo. Basikelela iintsimbi zokunyuka kweqela, kubandakanywa ama-axxes, i-crampons, i-harnesses, njalonjalo.
Kubantu baseSherpa le nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka igqitywe ngaphambi kokuqala uhambo. Uninzi aluyi kubeka iinyawo kwi-Everest ngaphandle kokuqala i-puja kuqala. Ingaba yinto nje inkolelo-ze? Mhlawumbi mhlawumbi. Kodwa yinkcubeko ehamba emva kwamakhulu eminyaka.
06 we-07
Abadala kakhulu kunazo zonke nabancinci
Umbono we-Everest ukusuka kwi-South Side eNepal. Anju Sherpa Ubudala buyumbolo kuphela xa kuthethwa ukunyuka kwe-Everest. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ininzi yalabo abaya kwintaba banamava ekuhlaleni kuma-30 nangama-40, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo abanye bawela ngaphandle kweqela elidala. Ngokomzekelo, irekhodi lomncinci omdala ukufikelela kwi-summit okwangoku igcinwe ngu Yuichiro Miura waseJapan, owayeneminyaka engama-80 ubudala, iintsuku ezili-224 ubudala xa waphuma emva ngo-2013. Umntu omncinci kunokuba afikelele entabeni yi-American Jordan URomero, oye wafeza okufanayo nangomncinci weminyaka eyi-13, iinyanga ezili-10, kunye neentsuku ezili-10 ngo-2010.
Kungekudala, oorhulumente baseNepal kunye neChina baye bavuma ukubeka imingcipheko yobudala kwimigangatho yokukhuphuka, efuna ukuba babe neminyaka engama-16 ubudala ngaphambi kokuzama ukufikelela entabeni. Bobabini amazwe baye balahla i-cap kwixesha, nangona abanye abaphakamileyo abaphezulu bangadingeka ukuba badlule ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukuhamba kwabo.
Ngokudabukisayo, uMurala wadlula ngo-Everest ngo-2017 ngeli xesha ezama ukufikelela kwintlanganiso kwakhona eneminyaka eyi-85.
07 we-07
Akunjalo ngokwenene Intaba ende kunazo zonke kwiPlanethi
Ingqungquthela yekhephu yaseMauna Kea eHawaii. Alden Reikoff Ngoxa i-summit ye-Everest inokuba yindawo ephezulu emhlabeni, akuyona intaba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Loo mahluko uhambela uMauna Kea eHawaii, ngokuqinisekileyo ukuphakama kwamamitha angama-33,465, iigcwele ezingama-4436 ezide kune-Everest.
Ngoko kutheni uMauna Kea engabonwanga kwinqanaba eliphakamileyo kunoko? Ngenxa yokuba ininzi yentaba ihleli phantsi kweoli. Ingqungquthela yayo iphakama kuphela kwii-13,796 ngeenyawo ngaphezu kolwandle, okwenza ukuba kubonakale kukuthobekile ngobukhulu xa kuthelekiswa namaqhawe ase-Himalaya.