I- Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas (iSikhumbuzo kumaJuda ahlaselwe yi-Yurophu) yenye yezona zikhumbuzo ezikhuselekileyo kunye neengxabano kwiNkohlakalo . Ifumaneka phakathi kweBerlin phakathi kwePotsdamer Platz kunye neSango laseBrandenburg , le ndawo ekhangayo ihlala kuma-4.7 iihektare. Zonke iinyathelo zokuphuhliswa kwayo zincintiswano - kungeyona into engavamile eBerlin - kodwa ibalulekile ekutyeleleni eBerlin.
Umcwangcisi weSikhumbuzo sokuQula iHolocaust eBerlin
Umklami waseMerika uPeter Eisenmann waphumelela kule projekthi ngo-1997 emva kweembambano zokhuphiswano kunye nokungavumelani malunga nento eyilungeleyo yokubaluleka okunjalo. UEisenmann uthe:
Ubukhulu kunye nobukhulu bexhala lokuBulawa kweNkohlakalo kunjalo ukuba nayiphi na inzame yokumelwa yindlela yendabuko ayinakwanele ... Isikhumbuzo sethu sizama ukunikela ingcamango entsha yenkumbulo njengento eyahlukileyo kwi-nostalgia ... Siyazi kuphela iidlulileyo namhlanje ngokubonakalisa okwangoku.
Idizayini yeSikhumbuzo seNkohlakalo kwiBerlin
Isikhumbuzo sakwa-Holocaust kwisikhumbuzo sakwa-Holocaust yi "Intsimi yeStelae", insimi engokoqobo yeembalo zekhonkrithi eziphambili ze-geometrically. Ungangena naluphi na umgangatho kwaye uhambe ngendlela engafanelekanga, mhlawumbi ulahlekelwe indawo yabalingane bakho kunye nabo bonke abaseBerlin. Iikholomu eziqingqiweyo, zonke iintlobo ezahlukileyo, zikhupha iimvakalelo eziphazamisayo ukuba unokufumana kuphela xa uhamba ngendlela yehlathi elimnyama lekhonkrithi.
Uyilo lusetyenziswe kwimvakalelo engekho emthethweni yokuzimela kunye nokulahleka - ukulungiselela isikhumbuzo seNkohlakalo.
Phakathi kwezigqibo eziphikisanayo kwakukhethiweyo ukufaka isambatho esingagxininisi. I-Eisenman yayichasene nayo, kodwa kwakukho ukukhathazeka okusemthethweni ukuba iiNazi ziza kuqulunqa isikhumbuzo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho apho ibali eliphela khona.
Inkampani yakwaDegussa ejongene nokudala isambatho yayibandakanyekile kwiNtshutshiso kaZwelonke -Socialist yamaYuda kwaye-ngakumbi nakakhulu - i-subsidiary, uDesgesch, yavelisa i-Zyklon B (igesi esetyenziselwa amagumbi egesi).
Ukuziphatha kwiSikhumbuzo sokuQula iNdloba eBellin
Kungekudala, kukho iingcamango ezingakumbi ezijikelezayo isikhumbuzo-ngeli xesha malunga nokuziphatha kweendwendwe. Le yindawo yokukhunjulwa kwaye ngelixa abantu bakhuthazwa ukuba bahlolisise yonke intshi yesayithi, ukuma phezu kwamatye, ukuqhuba okanye ukuhlukana ngokubanzi kudibaniswe ngabalindi. Kuye kwaba neprojekthi yecawa ngumculi wamaYuda uShahak Shapira obizwa ngokuthi yiYolocaust ehlazisa iindwendwe ezingahloneliyo.
Iimyuziyam kwiSikhumbuzo seNkohlakalo yaseBerlin
Ukujongana nezikhalazo ukuba isikhumbuzo sasingenabo ngokwabo kwaye sifanele sibandakanye amabali amaYuda ayizigidi ezi-6 ezichaphazelekayo, isikhungo solwazi sasifakwa ngaphantsi kwesikhumbuzo. Fumana umnyango emngceleni osempuma uze wehla ngaphantsi kwintsimi yeentsika (kwaye uzilungiselele ukhuseleko lwezitshixo zensimbi kunye nezitshixo zezinto).
Iimyuziyamu inika umboniso wokwenyuka kwamaNazi eYurophu ngamagumbi amaninzi ahlanganisa imiba eyahlukileyo yembali. Inamagama onke amaxhoba angamaJuda angamaYuda, afunyenwe kuYad Vashem, aqikelele kwiindonga zegumbi ngelixa iifutshane zezinto eziphilayo zifundwa kumazwi.
Wonke amagama kunye nembali ziphandeka kwiziko ledatha ekupheleni komboniso.
Zonke iicatshulwa kwiziko lemboniso ziNgesi nesiJamani.
Ulwazi Lwendwendwe kwiSikhumbuzo seNkohlakalo kwiBerlin
Idilesi: I- Cora-Berliner-Straße 1, 10117 eBerlin
Ifowuni : 49 (0) 30 - 26 39 43 36
Iwebhusayithi : www.stiftung-denkmal.de/en/ememorials/the-memorial-to-murdered-jews-of-europe
Ukufika kwisiKhumbuzo seNkohlakalo: iMetro Stop: "iPotsdamer Platz" (umgca U2, S1, S 2, S25)
Ukwamkelwa: Ukungeniswa kukhululekile, kodwa iminikelo iyaxabiswa.
Iiyure zokuvula: "I-Field of Stelae" ivuliwe ngamaxesha onke. IMyuziyamu ivuliwe ngo-Apreli-Septemba: 10: 00 ukuya ku-20: 00; Oktobha - Matshi 10:00 ukuya ku-19: 00; ivaliwe ngoMvulo, ngaphandle kweeholide zikawonkewonke.
Ihotele ezikhokelwayo: Iiholide zamahhala ngoMgqibelo nge-15: 00 (isiNgesi) neCawa ngo-15: 00 (isiJamani); 1.5 ngeyure
Ezinye izikhumbuzo zeNgcoloko eBerlin
Xa kwakukhunjulwa isikhumbuzo, kwakukho ukuphikisana malunga nayo kuphela ekuhlaseleni amaxhoba amaYuda njengabantu abaninzi abachaphazelekayo kwiNkohlakalo.
Ezinye izikhumbuzo zenziwe ukuba zikhunjulwe ilahleko yazo:
- ISikhumbuzo kubantu abalingani bobulili obufana noxhatshazwa phantsi kweNazism - Kuphela ngapha kwesitalato, isakhiwo sibonisa isikhombiso esikhulu sikhumbuzo ngokugxila kumaxhoba amaninzi.
- ISikhumbuzo esiya kwiSinti nakwa-Roma amaxhoba eNzululwazi kaZwelonke -Isikhumbuzo esitsha esona sihlandlo esitsha sinohlonipha abantu abangama-20 000- 500,000 babulawa ePorajmos.
- I-Stolpersteine - Ezingqinileyo, iiplati zegolide ezineenkcukacha zendlela apho abantu baphoqelelwe khona ekhaya baze bathunyelwe kwiinkampu zoxinzelelo. "Amatye okukhubeka" sisikhumbuzo esibandakanya wonke amaxhoba olawulo lukaNazi.
- I-Bunker's Bunker - Isayithi elikufuphi leentsuku zokugqibela zikaHitler yinto engabonakaliyo yesikhumbuzo. Kukho ibhodi yolwazi elula ebhala imbali.