Indlela eya kwiSahlulo sase-Ireland kwiMerika ehlukeneyo
Imbali yase-Ireland ide kwaye iyanzima - kwaye enye yeziphumo zomzabalazo wokuzimela yinkxalabo. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukudala amaqela amabini ahlukeneyo kwesi siqithi esincinane. Njengoko esi siganeko kunye neemeko zangoku ziqhubeka zizisa iindwendwe, makhe sizame ukucacisa okwenzekileyo.
Ukuphuhliswa kweSahlulo sangaphakathi sase-Ireland ukuya kwi-20 yeXesha leNkulungwane
Ngokuqinisekileyo zonke iingxaki zaqala xa ookumkani base-Irish babandakanyeka kwimfazwe yombutho kunye no-Diarmaid Mac Murcha bamema ii-Anglo-Norman zamagosa ukuba balwe nabo - ngo-1170 uRichard FitzGilbert, owaziwa ngokuba yi " Strongbow "
Yaye wayethanda into ayibonayo, watshata nentombi kaMac Murcha uAoife waza wagqiba ekubeni uya kuhlala efanelekileyo. Ukusuka kuncedo oluqeshwe kukumkani wenqaba wathatha nje imivimbo embalwa ngokukhawuleza ngekrele likaStongbow. Ukususela ngelo xesha iIreland yayininzi (ngaphantsi okanye ngaphantsi) phantsi kolawulo lwesiNgesi.
Nangona abanye baseIreland bahlela ukuba balawulwe abalawuli abatsha baze babulala (ngokuqhelekileyo ngokoqobo) phantsi kwabo, abanye bathatha indlela yokuvukela. Kwaye ukuhlukana kweentlanga kwangoko kwaphazamiseka, kunye nesiNgesi ekhaya sikhalaza ukuba abanye babo basekhaya baba "nzima kakhulu kunesi-Irish".
KwiiTudor amaxesha e-Ireland ekugqibeleni waba ngumbutho - abantu baseNgilani naseScotland abangaphezu kwamanani kunye nabantwana abancinci (abangenamhlaba) bathunyelwa "kwiindawo zokutyala ", ukuseka umyalelo omtsha. Ngaloo ndlela - uHenry VIII wayenqabile ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nopapa kunye nabahlali abasha bazisa icawa yase-Anglican kunye nabo, ngokubizwa nje ngokuba "ngabaprothestani" ngamaKatolika asekuhlaleni.
Apha izigaba zokuqala ezihamba ngeendlela zecawa zaqala. Ezi zinyanzeliswa ngokufika kwamaPresbyterian aseScotland, ngokukodwa kwi-Plantation Ulster. I-anti-Catholic, i-pro-ePalamente kwaye ibukeka ingathembeki nge-Anglican Ascendency, yakha i-enclave yeentlanga kunye nenkolo.
Umthetho Wasekhaya - kunye neLoyalist Backlash
Emva kwamaphekula angamaqela aseRashiya angaphumelelanga (ezinye zikhokelwa ngabaProthestani njenge-Wolfe Tone) kunye nephulo eliphumeleleyo lamalungelo amaKatolika kunye nomlinganiselo wokuzithiba kwe-Ireland, "Umthetho Wasekhaya" kwakuyikhala lokubuyiselwa kwamazwe aseIreland kwiminyaka yama-Victorian.
Oku kwakubiza ukhetho lwentlanganiso yase-Ireland, oku ngokukhetha u rhu lumente wase-Ireland kunye nokusebenza kwemicimbi yangaphakathi yase-Ireland kwisiseko soBukumkani baseBrithani. Emva kwemizamo emibili yoMgaqo-nkqubo weKhaya yayiza kuba yinyaniso ngo-1914-kodwa yafakwa kwi-burner emva ngenxa yemfazwe eYurophu.
Kodwa nangaphambi kokuba i-Sarajevo idutshulwe, ama-drum e-Irland-awaseBrithani, abancinci base-Ulster, babesoyika ukulahlekelwa amandla kunye nokulawula. Bakhetha ukuqhubekeka kwemo yemo . Ummeli waseDublin uEdd Carson kunye noBollar Conservative wezopolitiko uBonar Law baba ngamazwi angqubuzana noMthetho weKhaya, obizwa ngokuba yimiboniso yemimandla kwaye ngoSeptemba 1912 bamema ababambisene nabo ukuba basayine "iState League kunye noMnqophiso". Phantse isiqingatha sesigidi samadoda nabasetyhini basayine le dokhumenti, bathile ngegazi labo - bathembisa ukugcina Ulster (ubuncinane) inxalenye ye-United Kingdom ngeendlela zonke eziyimfuneko. Ngomnyaka olandelayo, amadoda angama-100 000 abhalisiwe kwi-Ulster Volunteer Force (i-UVF), intlangano ye-paramilitary eyazinikezelwa ekuthintela uMgaqo weKhaya.
Ngelo xesha, amaVolontiya aseIreland ayekwe kwiingqungquthela zobuzwe - ngenjongo yokukhusela uMgaqo weKhaya. Amalungu ama-200,000 ayekulungele ukuthatha isenzo.
Ukuvukela, iMfazwe kunye neSivumelwano se-Anglo-Ireland
Iimanyano zabavolontiya baseIreland zathatha inxaxheba kwiPaster Rising ye-1916 , iziganeko kwaye ngokukodwa emva koko kwakha i-Iranianism entsha, ehlaselekileyo neyixhobileyo. Ukunqoba okukhulu kukaSinn Féin okhethweni luka-1918 kwaholela ekubunjweni kweyokuqala uDáil Éireann ngoJanuwari 1919. Imfazwe yama-guerilla eyayiqhutywe yi-Irish Republican Army (IRA) yalandelwa, iphelela ekugqibeleni kwaye ekugqibeleni i-truce yaJulayi 1921.
Umthetho waseKhaya wawuboniswe kwisivumelwano esahlukileyo kwiinqila ezili-6 ze-ulster ezingamaProtestanti ( Antrim , Armagh , Down, Fermanagh , Derry / Londonderry kunye neTyrone ) kunye nesisombululo esinqunyiwe sokuba " EMzantsi ". Oku kwafika ngasekupheleni kwe-1921 xa uMnqophiso we-Anglo-Ireland wawudala i-Irish Free State kuma-26 asele, kubuswa nguDáil Éireann.
Eyona nto yayiyinkimbinkimbi kunokuba ... nokuba iSivumelwano, xa sisebenza, sakha i-Free State yase-Ireland yeekomiti ezingama-32, isiqithi sonke. Kodwa kwakukho igatya lokuphuma kwinqanaba ezintandathu e-Ulster. Kwaye le nto yafunwa, ngenxa yeengxaki ezithile zexesha, kuphela emva komhla emva kokuba i-Free State ibe khona. Ngaloo ndlela malunga nenye imini kwakukho i-Ireland ehlangene ngokupheleleyo, kuphela ukuba ihlukaniswe kabini ngentsasa elandelayo. Njengoko besatsho ukuba nayiphi na i-ajenda ye-Irish kwintlanganiso, inombolo yesifundo enye ngumbuzo othi "Siyahlula nini kumaqela?"
Ngoko iIreland yahlula - kunye nesivumelwano seengxoxo zentlanga. Kwaye ngelixa ininzi yentando yesininzi yamkela umnqophiso njengobuncinane obubi, i-nationalist-line-hardist line yabona njengento yokuthengisa. Imfazwe Yase-Ireland phakathi kwe-IRA kunye namaFree State Forces alandelayo, okukhokelela ekubeni kuchithe igazi, kwaye ngakumbi ukubulawa ngaphezu kwePasika. Kuphela kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo kwakufuneka umnqophiso uza kuqothulwa isinyathelo-nge-nyathelo, ekugqibeleni ukuvakaliswa kwangaphandle kwe-"sovereignty, state independence state" ngo-1937. UMthetho weRiphabhlikhi wase-Ireland (1948) wagqiba ukudala urhulumente omtsha.
"INyakatho" idluliselwe eStormont
Unyulo lwe-1918 eUnited Kingdom aluzange luphumelele kuphela kuSinn Féin - ii-Conservatives zathola isibambiso kuLloyd George ukuba amaqela ayisithupha e- Ulster ayengayi kunyanzeliswa kwiKhaya loMthetho. Kodwa iinconywa ka-1919 zikhuthaza iphalamende (zonke iindawo ezilisithoba) Ulster kunye nezinye i-Ireland, zombini zisebenza kunye. I-Cavan , iDonegal ne- Monaghan kamva babengabandakanywa kwiphalamente yase-Ulster ... babonwa njengobungozi kwivoti yamaManyano. Oku kwenzeni ukwahlula njengoko kuqhubeka namhlanje.
Ngomnyaka we-1920 uMthetho weRhulumente wase-Ireland wanyuswa, ngoMeyi 1921 ukhetho lokuqala lwabanjelwa eNyakatho ye-Ireland kwaye uninzi lwababumbano lweManyano lwasekwa lukhulu (olucwangcisiweyo) ubukhulu bexesha elidala. Njengoko kulindeleke ukuba iPalamente yase-Ireland yaseNyakatho (ehleli kwiKholeji yasePresbyterian yeKholeji ide idlulele kwi-grandiose iStormond Castle ngo-1932) yamkela isipho sokujoyina i-Irish Free State.
Impembelelo yeNgqungquthela yase-Ireland yabakhenkethi
Nangona ukuya kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo ukusuka eRiphabhliki ukuya kuMntla kungenzeka ukuba ibandakanye uphando olululo kunye nemibuzo yokuphonononga, umda namhlanje awubonakaliyo. Kwakunjalo ukungalawulwa, njengoko kungekho zicatshulwa okanye izibonakaliso!
Nangona kunjalo, kusekho impembelelo, kubabhenkethi kunye nokuhlola iindawo zihlala zikhona. Kwaye kunye ne-specter ye-Brexit, ukuhoxiswa kwe-UK kwi-EU, ukuhamba, izinto zingase zibe nzima kunokuba:
- I-Northern Ireland iyingxenye ye-UK, iRiphablikhi yindawo ehlukileyo-oku kuthetha ukuba kuya kufuneka uhlolisise imithetho yaseBrithani neye-Ireland kunye nemithetho ye-visa ngaphambi kokuwela umda.
- Kukho iibhanki ezimbini e-Ireland- ngelixa iRiphablikhi isebenzisa i-Euro, iNorthern Ireland iqhubela kwi-Pound Sterling.
- Xa uhamba nge-Ireland kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba iimpawu zendlela zihlukile - ngokukodwa ukuba isantya kunye nemida iya thunyelwa ngeekhilomitha kuMntla, kwiikhilomitha kwiRiphabhulikhi.
- Khangela kunye nenkampani yakho yokuqashisa imoto ukuba ngaba ngokwenene uvumelekile ukuba uwele umda - izikhawulelo zithile zisebenza.
- Nangona iNorthern Ireland ingafanele ithathwa njengendawo eyingozi , imeko yezokhuseleko ingafuna ukunyaniseka kwamanye amaxesha - ukuhamba kweendlela ezibonakalayo.
- Amaxabiso ahlukahluka phakathi kweNyakatho ye-Ireland neRiphabliki - ipetroli ivame kakhulu kakhulu kwiNyakatho ngelixa ukutya kungancinci khona.