Amangcwaba Omkhosi Omkhulu waseMerika eYurophu
Amangcwaba amakhulu eMelika eYurophu isenyakatho-mpuma yeFransi eLorraine, eRomagne-sous-Montfaucon. Liyindawo enkulu, isetyenziswe kumahektare angama-130 ehlabathi elincinci. Ama-14,246 amasosha awafa kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I bangcwatyelwa apha kwimigca yempi. Amangcwaba awasetyenziswanga ngokwezikhundla: ufumana umphathi wecala ngokulandelelana, umqhubi wanikezelwa iMedal of Honor eduze ne-Afrika yaseMerika kwiCandelo loLuntu.
Abaninzi babo balwa, baza bafa, ngo-1918 ukuhlawulela ukukhulula iMeuse. AmaMerika ayekhokelwa yiGeneral Pershing.
Amangcwaba
Uqhuba udlule iinqaba ezimbini emnyango wamangcwaba. Kwintaba enye, uya kufumana isiKhungo seMvakatye apho unokuhlangana nabasebenzi, tyikitye irejista yeendwendwe uze ufumane okungakumbi malunga nemfazwe namangcwaba. Kungcono ukanti ukubhuka kusengaphambili uhambo olukhokelekileyo oluchanekileyo, olumnandi nolugcwele ii-anecdotes. Ufunda okude kunokuba ungathanda ukuhamba ngeenxa zonke.
Ukusuka apha uhamba phantsi kwethambeka ukuya echibini lesetyhula kunye nomthombo kunye neentyantyambo zeentyantyambo. Ukujongana nawe phezulu kwentaba yi-chapel. Phakathi kwema emangcwabeni. Kwii-14,246 zamakhanda ezikhanda, 13,978 ziiwela zesiLatini kwaye i-268 ziNkwenkwezi zikaDavid. Kumanqaku angama-486 amangcwaba abonakalisa iisala zamasosha angaziwa. Uninzi, kodwa kungekhona bonke, abo bangcwatywe apha babulawa kwinqanaba elibikwe ngo-1918 ukukhulula iMeuse.
Kodwa kungcwatyelwa apha ngabanye abantu, kuquka nabasetyhini abasixhenxe abahlengikazi okanye oonobhala, abantwana abathathu kunye nabafundi abathathu. Kukho iisethi ezili-18 zabazalwana abafihlwe apha nangona bengaboni ngasecaleni, kunye ne-nine Medal of Honorers.
Amatye ekhanda alula, kunye negama, isigaba, i-regiment kunye nomhla wokufa.
Ulwahlulo lwalo lwalo luvela kwimvelaphi: i-91 yayibizwa ngokuba yi-Wild Wild West Division ukusuka eCalifornia nakumazwe asentshonalanga; I-77 yayiyiSitembu seNkululeko yeNew York. Kukho okungafaniyo: i-82 yayiyinxalenye yonke yamaMerika, eyakhiwe ngamasoldati avela kweli lizwe lonke, ngelixa i-93 yayiyinxalenye emnyama eyahlukileyo.
Amangcwaba adalwe avela kumangcwaba angama-150 atyhutyhile kwiimfazwe ezifanelekileyo, njengoko amajoni kufuneka angcwatyelwe ngaphakathi kwiimfuno ezimbini kwiintsuku ezintathu emva kokufa. Amangcwaba aseMeuse-Argonne ekugqibeleni azinikezelwa ngoMeyi 30, 1937, kunye namanye amajoni avuselela amaxesha amane.
I-Chapel kunye neSikhumbuzo
Iqonga limi phezulu entabeni. Isakhiwo esincinci esingaphakathi. Ukujongana nomnyango sisibingelelo kunye namaflegi e-United States kunye neenqununu eziziintloko ze-Allied. Ukunene nangakwesobunxele, iifestile ezimbini ezinkulu zeglasi zibonisa iintlobo zeemimandla ezahlukeneyo zaseMerika. Kwakhona, ukuba awukwazi le nto, yinto efanelekileyo yokuba nekhokelo yokuzichonga.
Ngaphandle, amaphiko amabini e-chapel, ebhalwe ngamagama alawo alahlekileyo kwisenzo - amagama angama-954 aqoshiwe apha. Kwelinye icala imephu enkulu ekuphumuleni ibonisa imfazwe kunye nelizwe elikufutshane.
IMedals of Respect
Kukho abathandathu abafumana iMedal of Respect emangcwabeni, eyahlukileyo ngokubhalwa kwegolide kwiingcwaba. Kukho amabali amaninzi angamaqhekeza, kodwa into emangalisayo kukuba nguFrancis Luke Jr (ngoMeyi 19, 1897-Septemba 29, 1918).
UFrank uLuka wazalelwa ePhoenix, eArizona emva kokuba uyise efudukela eMelika ngo-1873. NgoSeptemba, ngo-1917, uFrank wangena kwiCandelo loLwazi, i-US Signal Corps. NgoJulayi 1918 waya eFransi waza wabelwa kwi-Aero Squadron yesi-17. Umntu onobukroti olungele ukungathobeli imithetho, ukususela ekuqaleni wayezimisele ukuba ngumqhubi we-ace. Wazivolontiya ukutshabalalisa ibhaluni yokujonga iJamani, umsebenzi onobungozi ngenxa yokukhusela izixhobo zokukhusela umpu. Ngomhlobo wakhe uLt. Joseph Frank Wehner okhuselekileyo okhuselekileyo, owona mabini aphumelele ngokuphawulekayo.
NgoSeptemba 18, 1918, u-Wehner wabulawa evikela uLuka owathi wadubula phantsi ezimbini iFokker D. VIIs eziye zahlasela u-Wehner, zilandelwa ngamabhaloni amabini.
Phakathi kukaSeptemba 12 no-29, uLuka wadubula iibhaluni eziyi-14 zaseJamani kunye neenqwelo ezine, kungekho mnye umqhubi ophumelele kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Ukuphela kukaLuka okungenakukugwema kwenzeka ngoSeptemba 29. Wadubula iibhaluni ezintathu kodwa waxhatshazwa ngumqhubi womshini omnye okhutshwe kwintaba ngaphaya kwakhe njengoko wayebaleka waya emhlabathini. Waxoshelwa kwiqela lamajamani aseJamani njengoko wehla, wafa esafuna ukubulala abantu baseJamani abazama ukumthabatha.
ULuka wanikezwa iMedal of Honor emva kwexesha. Intsapho kamva yanikela ngombono kwiMyuziyam kaZwelonke ye-United States Air Force kufuphi ne-Dayton, eOhio, apho ibonakaliswe ngezinye izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-ace.
I-American Army kunye ne-Meuse-Argonne Offensive
Ngaphambi kowe-1914, umkhosi waseMelika ubeka i-19 kwihlabathi ngamanani, emva kwePortugal. Kwakuqulethwe ngamajoni angaphezu kwe-100 000 ngexesha elipheleleyo. Ngowe-1918, kwafika amajoni angama-4 wezigidi, ezigidi ezi-2 zaye zaya eFransi. AmaMelika alwa kunye neFrentshi kwi-Meuse-Argonne ecaphunyayo eyayisusela ngoSeptemba 26 ukuya kuNovemba 11, 1918. Amajoni angama-30 000 ase-US abulawe kwiiveki ezintlanu, ngezinga eliphakathi kwe-750 ukuya kuma-800 ngosuku. Kuyo yonke iMfazwe Yehlabathi I, ama-medals angu-119 ahloniphekileyo athathwa ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu.
Ukuthelekiswa neenombolo zamajoni adibeneyo abulawe, kwakunenani elincinane, kodwa laphawula ukuqala kokubandakanyeka kweMerika eYurophu. Ngeli xesha, kwakuyilwa enkulu kunazo zonke emlandweni waseMerika.
Emva kwemfazwe, i-American inqwenela ukushiya ubukho bendawo ehlala eYurophu yaholela ekungcwabeni.
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Iwebhusayithi
Amangcwaba avulwa imihla ngemihla nge-9 ukuya ku-5 ngomzuzu. Valiwe ngo-Dec 25, uJan 1.
Izikhokelo I-Meuse-Argonne yaseMelika yamangcwaba itholakala empuma kwidolophana yaseRomagne-sous-Montfaucon (Meuse), ezili-26 kumntla-ntshonalanga kweVerdun.
Ngemoto esuka eVerdun thabatha i-D603 ukuya kwiReims, ngoko i-D946 iya kuVarennes-en-Argonne kwaye ulandele imiqondiso yaseMelika yeMangcwaba.
Ngeloliwe: Thatha i-TGV okanye isitima esiqhelekileyo esivela eParis Est kwaye utshintshe mhlawumbi e-Chalons-en-Champagne okanye kwisikhululo se-Meuse TGV. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela ohamba ngayo uhambo luba malunga neyure eli-40 ngomzuzu okanye ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-3. Iitekisi zendawo zifumaneka kwi-Verdun.
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