Uhambo lweMfazwe Yehlabathi I Iimemori eFransi

01 ngo 04

Uhambo lweMfazwe Yehlabathi Entsha I Memorials eFransi

IMfazwe Yehlabathi I Iimemori ziyahlakazeka ngaphesheya kwelaseFransi kwaye ziyaziwa kwaye zivakatyeke kakhulu. Ngoko kuza kumangaliswa ukufunda ukuba iisayithi ezintsha kunye nezikhumbuzo ezintsha kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I ziyafumaneka kwaye zakhiwe, malunga nekhulu leminyaka emva 'kwemfazwe yokuphelisa zonke iimfazwe.' Imbali yeMfazwe Yehlabathi I ayibhalwanga ngokucacileyo kwaye ayiqinisekanga ukuba iya kuba yintoni. Kukho ukunyanzeliso lokwenene ukuqonda nokuza kuhambelana neMfazwe Yehlabathi I engazange ibuyele ixesha. Kuvela kwivalelo yokuba asifanele sikhohlwe imfazwe enyanyekayo kodwa yinto eninzi ngenxa yokuphanda kwendawo kunye nakwamanye amazwe.

Iimfazwe eziphambili zeMfazwe Yehlabathi I zilwa malunga neYpres eBelgium kunye nokutyelelwa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I iindawo zokulwa zihlala ziqala apho. Kodwa kukho ininzi yokubona ngaphezulu kwezantsi eFransi malunga needolophu ezikhangayo kuloo ndawo. Ukufunyanwa kwamagumbi angama-250 ecaleni kwe-Fromelles kuye kwaholela emangcwabeni amatsha; kukho isikhumbuzo esitsha esakhiwa kuWilfred Owen, imbongi eyabamba 'Imfesane Yemfazwe', kwaye omnye umntu onqabile ukuyeka ukukhangela iNtshonalanga Yehlabathi I-tank ngoku ibonisa i-Mark IV isikhali kwi-barn eFlesquière .

Indawo

Ezi ziza ezithathu zeNtshonalanga Yehlabathi zeNtshonalanga zihamba kwiLille ngasentshonalanga ukuya kwi-Fromelles, ngasezantsi kuya kwiFlesquières kwaye ngasempumalanga kuya kwi-Ors. Unokwenza oku ngokulula ngosuku oluvela eLille , Arras okanye eCambrai.

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I-Fromelles (i-Pheasant Wood), iMangcwaba yeMfazwe Yehlabathi elitsha

I-Fromelles yidolophana encinane malunga neekhilomitha ezili-18 (ngeekhilomitha eziyi-18) ngasentshonalanga yeLille ukusuka kwi-N41 ukuya kwiLens. Endleleni eya edolophini, yeka kwisikhumbuzo sabase-Australia abafa kwi-Battle of Fromelles. Shayela ngaphaya kwesigxina esithile esithwele isalathisi esingenakho ithemba, ukukhunjulwa kwamanani ase-Australia abulawe apha kwaye aqhubekele emangcwabeni amatsha e-Fromelles. Le yindawo yamangcwaba yokuqala eyakhiwa yiKhomishoni yamaGrike e-Commonwealth War Graves Commission kwiminyaka engama-50 kwaye ibonisa imfazwe yoJulayi 19, 1916. Amakhanda, izitena ezibomvu ezingenayo. Emva kokubona amangcwaba amadala ngamatye ekhanda abo, imithi kunye neentyantyambo, i-Fromelles (i-Pheasant Wood) iMangcwaba yeMfazwe iza njengento ephazamisayo.

Imfazwe yase-Fromelles yinto yokuqala yokuqala yeMfazwe Yehlabathi I imfazwe kwi-Western Front ebandakanya imikhosi yase-Australia kwaye yayiyintlekele, eyenziwe ngokukhethekileyo yintlukwano kwimikhosi ngenxa yokuba le nto yayingumgca we-Battle of Somme. ICandelo lesi-5 lase-Australia lilahlekelwa yilahleko enkulu: ama-5,533 abulawe, axhatshazwe, athathwe entolongweni okanye alahlekile. I-66 yaseBrithani yahlulwa i-1,547 ilahleko. E-Fromelles kukholelwa ukuba ama-1,780 aseAustralia kunye namajoni ama-500 aseBritani afa.

Nangona ezininzi izidumbu ezivela emfazweni zingcwatyelwa emashumi eminyaka edlulileyo kumangcwaba enokuthula anjengeVC Corner kunye nePetillon Street, ukufunyanwa kwamagumbi angama-250 kwindawo yamangcwaba e-Pheasant Wood ngoSeptemba 2009 yinkampani yecandelo le-Oxford Archeology, yaba yimpumelelo enkulu ekufuneni abanye abafileyo kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Kwaye kwacaca ngokucacileyo ukuba amathuna amatsha kufuneka awakhiwe.

Ukuchongwa kwamagumbi kuye kwaba yinkqubo engaqhelekanga yomsebenzi wokuphangela, okubandakanya i-DNA kwizizalwane ezikude kunye nomzamo omkhulu wophando osebenza namaziko afana ne- Imperial War Museum eLondon.

Iintshaba zabafileyo zazingcwatyelwa ngokusemthethweni kwiComel Military Cemetery ngoJanuwari noFebruwari 2010. NgoJulayi 19, 2010, iMangcwaba ivuliwe ngokusemthethweni, imakisha iminyaka eyi-94 ye-Battle.

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Imfazwe Yehlabathi Yehlabathi I-Tank Evezwe Ngeminyaka Engama-90 Kamva

Ukususela kwi-Fromelles, ukuhamba ngezantsi kweekhilomitha ezili-84 (iikhilomitha ezingama-84) kuthatha u-Arras noCambrai kwidolophana encinane yaseFlesquières, enzulu kwilizwe lokulima.

Kwiminyaka emithandathu, uFilie Gorczuynski, umninimzi weehotele wendawo, umbhali-mlando nombhali, wafuna itanki elikhunjulwa ngumfazi osekhulile ekhunjulwa ngamabanjwa aseRussia emngxondeni omkhulu kufuphi neefestile. Ngokuncedisa ngoncedo, ekugqibeleni wathola itanki, uMarko IV uDeborah, ngo-1998 waza wayibamba.

Oku kwakungokuqala kwebali njengoko waqala ukuphanda ebomini balabo bafa kwi-tank ngexesha lokubaluleka kwe-Battle of Cambrai, ngoNovemba 20, 1917 ebandakanya ama-475 e-British tanks. Kwakungoku vavanywa kokuqala kwesi sixhobo esitsha salo sixhobo esasiza kuba nefuthe elinjalo kwiimfazwe zanamhlanje.

UFilie Gorczuysnki wathenga ingqolowa kwidolophana waza wafaka itanki apho kunye neyamamyuziyam encinci kwisakhiwo esincinane. UDebora wayemi kwindawo yokugcina, ekhulile, ehlanjululwe aze ahluthwe ngenye indlela. Inzala iqokelelwe kwaye ngoku uDebhora ufakwe kumyuziyam olutsha kwi-Commonwealth War Grave eFlesquières.

Itanki imele kuwo onke amaqhawe akhe ahlukumekileyo ekwakhiweni ngokukodwa ngaphantsi komhlaba. Kujikeleze kuye ngamabali okufumanisa kwakhe kunye nokuphila kwakhe kwangaphambili okuyingxube emangalisayo - ingqungquthela yokulwa nobuqhawe kwintsimi yemfazwe kunye neengxelo zamapolisa zanamhlanje nendlela afumanisa ngayo itanki kwaye uphando ubomi - kunye nokufa - bahlali balo.

• Imyuziyamu ivuleka ngoMatshi 2018.

Ulwazi olusebenzayo:

IMusic Museum yaseCambrai

Flesquières

Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe vetshe uqaphele i-Tourism Cambresis.

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Iiyure zokugqibela zeMfazwe Yehlabathi I-Soldier-Inkondlo, uWilfred Owen

UWilfred Owen, umbongi wesiNgesi ombongo nge-WWI wayenempembelelo enjalo ngeli xesha kwaye usalungelelanisa namhlanje, ungcwatyelwa emangcwabeni ye-Ors, idolophana encinane kufuphi neLe Cateau-Cambresis. Kuye malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-45 (empuma ezingama-45) empuma yeFlesquières, ukuqhuba ngeCambrai.

Ijoni-imbongi yayichitha ubusuku bakhe bokugqibela kunye namajoni akhe kunye ngaphandle kwidolophana ebumnyameni kunye ne-dank phantsi kweNdlu ye-Forester. Ingxenye yenkampu yamaKhosi, le ndlu encinane ebomvu-brick itshintshe ngendlela ecinga ngokukodwa ibe yikhumbuzo kwisibongo. Yonke yaqala ngemizamo kaMeya wasekhaya, owaziyo ngenani leNgesi eya kufika kwidolophana ecela ulwazi ngombongi, waqhagamshelana noWilfred Owen kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Wayenomdla kakhulu ngeli bali kwaye wavakalisa igama likaWilfred Owen kunye nesibongo sakhe sokuba waqala ukucela isikhumbuzo. Iimali eziyi-1 ze-euro zaphakanyiswa kwaye isikhumbuzo sivuliwe ekwindla ka-2011.

Kwidolophini ngokwayo, kukho uphawu ecaleni kombhobho apho imbongi yadutshulwa khona, iintsuku ezingama-5 ngaphambi kokuphela kwemfazwe. Isiqalo senzeke apho indlela iwela ibhuloho phezu kwamanzi ajikelezayo. Ukuqhubela phambili kwi-Library yaseWilfred Owen inxalenye encinane yeencwadi kwiimbongi kunye nemfazwe. Ukusuka apha, kuyimoto emfutshane ukuya emangcwabeni - kungekhona enkulu, iMangcwaba yeMfazwe esemthethweni, kodwa inokuthula, indawo yangasese enekona laseBrithani elinikezelwe kumajoni afela apha.

Kunyaka ngamnye, ngoNovemba 4, idolophana inokhenkethi yesikhumbuzo ebandleni kunye nokufunda isibongo sakhe. Kubizwa ngokuba yiWilfred Owen Memorial .

Fumana okunye kwi-Wildred Owen ngokusebenzisa uWilfred Owen Society.

Fumana okunye malunga nommandla: kule website ye-Nord Pas de Calais.