Amangcwaba amaGorisi amakhulu kakhulu aseFransi
Nangona amagama eVimy Ridge kunye neQurry Quarry e- Arras ayaziwa kakhulu ngabantu baseBrithani, baseMerika nabaseKhanada, loo nto yeTe-Dame de Lorette ayiqhelekanga. Kutholakala ngasenyakatho yeFransi kufuphi neArras, yindawo yamangcwaba amakhulu aseFransi, anamajoni angaphezu kwama-40 000, awaziwayo kwaye engaziwa eFransi kunye namakholoni akhe angcwatywa apha. Kuyinto engavamile ukuba iqulethe ii-basilica kunye nenqaba ende engavamile.
Imvelaphi
Iimfazwe ezintathu ze-Artois ezenzeka ekwindla ka-1914, kwaye entwasahlobo nekwindla ka-1915, zazingquzulwano phakathi kwamaFrentshi kunye nemikhosi yaseJamani eyayibambe loo ndawo. Phakathi kweVimy Ridge ne-Notre-Dame de Lorette, ezimbini iingongoma eziphakamileyo kwelinye ilitye, zibeka ezinye zeendawo zokungcwaba ezinkulu zaseFransi, ezibalulekileyo kwimfazwe.
Kwintetho yesiFrentshi, intlanu yesibini phakathi kukaMeyi 9 no-15 xa amaFrentshi ezama ukuthabatha iintaba ezimbini ze-Artois, yayinokutsholwa kwincinci kuba baphumelele ekuthinzeni i-Notre-Dame. Kodwa ngokwemigaqo yabantu kwakuyintlekele, kwabulawa ama-102,000 aseFransi amasosha. Kuba amaFrentshi kwakungalunganga njengemfazwe yaseVerdun.
AmaZakhiwo eMangcwaba eMfazwe wesizwe saseFransi
Amangcwaba, ephakamileyo phezulu entabeni epholileyo, inkulu kwaye ayimfuneko kuba kukho izakhiwo apha kunye namangcwaba. Ipaki emnyango kwaye uhambe kwaye uze kubo. Ukujongana nawe ngakwesokunene ngu-52-meter high Lantern Tower.
Ebusuku iphambeka yayo enamandla ithumela ukukhanya ngaphesheya kwethafa elijikelezile, kubonakala iikhilomitha ezili-70 (43.5 miles). Iziseko zafakwa nguMarshal Petain ngoJuni 19th 1921 kwaye wagqitywa ngo-Agasti 1925.
Yakhelwe kwinqanaba elikhulu, okwenene i-crypt okanye ibhokisi lee-asethi ezisi-8,000 ezingabonakaliyo kumajoni kwiimfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi kunye nezinye iimbambano zaseFransi nakwiinkampu zoxinzelelo.
Amanye ama-ossuaries ahlakazekile kuwo onke amangcwaba. Kuzo zonke, amashumi angama-20 000 angaziwa angcwatywa apha.
Kwakuyinto yokuba abantu abazange bakwazi ukulila emathuneni abo awamenza ukuba iBhishophu yaseArras icele ukuba urhulumente waseFransi akhe i-basilica. Ecaweni yaseFrance naseburhulumenteni bahlukeneyo, kwaye akukho zikhumbuzo zonqulo kwamanye amangcwaba aseFransi. Icawa yinto ecacileyo ngaphakathi kunye nemifanekiso emibala kunye neenkulungwane zezikhumbuzo zesikhumbuzo. Iintlanu zeefestile zazinikelwa yiBrithani njengesenzo sokubulela ilizwe elaseFransi linika iKomishoni yeMfazwe yamaGrike e-Commonwealth kwimimangcwaba yemfazwe yaseBrithani. I-basilica yenzelwe ngumyili weLille uLouis-Marie Cordonnier kwaye yakhiwa phakathi ko-1921 no-1927.
Amangcwaba
Iziphambano ezinqamlekileyo zolule phambi kwakho ekuchanekeni kwempi. Ekhoneni elingasempuma kukho iqoqo elikhulu lama-Muslim amathunjwa, amajoni avela kuma-coloni aseFransi, ikakhulukazi emantla aseAfrika, eneentloko zamakhanda ahlukeneyo.
Amawaka angama-40,000 aseFransi angcwatywa apha. Ngamnye wanikwa ingcwaba elifanayo, kungekho nahluko phakathi kobuntu kunye nobucala. Amagama ayengcaciso engaphantsi kunamathuna emfazwe aseBrithani, apho i-regiment's insignia ibhalwe kunye nemini yokuzalwa kunye nokufa kwaye kaninzi ngamazwi ambalwa.
Kukho ngamathuba amaninzi amabini; mhlawumbi enye yeyona nto ibuhlungu kukuba i-Sars, uyise kunye nendodana, yabulawa ngo-1914 no-1940.
I-Musee Vivante 1914-1918
Imyuziyam yoLondolozo yeMfazwe ePhambili ibonisa iifoto, iifomorms kunye neenqanda kunye nokuhlaziywa okuthakazelisayo kwezikhuselo eziphantsi komhlaba. Ukongezelela, igumbi elinye linama-dioramas angama-16 abonisa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi kwimfazwe, ezibhedlele ukuya kwi-Front. Ekugqibeleni kukho imfazwe ephindaphindiweyo yamaJamani kunye namaFrentshi.
Museum Museum
Inombolo: 00 33 (0) 3 21 45 15 80
Ukwamkela i- euro eziyi-4; Ii-euro eziyi-2
Ngomhla wesi-9 ekuseni ukuya ku-
Valiwe ngoJan 1, Disemba 25
I-French National Cemetery Information
Chemin du Mont de Lorette
Ablain-Saint-Nazaire
Vula ngoMatshi ngo-8 ukuya ku-5pm; Ngo-Apreli, ngoMeyi 8 ekuseni ukuya ku-6pm; NgoJuni-Septemba 8 nge-7pm; Oktobha 8:30 am-5m; NgoNovemba-9 ngo-5: 30pm
Izikhokelo zamangcwaba ziphakathi kwe-Arras ukuya ngasezantsi kunye neLens ukuya ngasentla ngasempuma.
Iphawulwe kwiN937.
Imfazwe Yehlabathi Yonke I Memorials kwiNgingqi
Kukho amathuna amancinci amancinci amancinci amakhulu, amathuna abo kwisitayela esisemthethweni somkhosi. Kukho namangcwaba aseFransi, eJamani, eMerika, eCanada nasePoland apha.
- Imfazwe Yomkhosi Omkhulu weMfazwe Yehlabathi I
- Izikhumbuzo zaseMelika zeMfazwe Yehlabathi I
- ISikhumbuzo saseCanada eVimy Ridge
- I-Meuse-Argonne yamangcwaba aseMerika
- I-French National War Cemetery e-Notre-Dame-de-Lorette
- Imfazwe Yehlabathi YaseJamani I-Moreau Rest Camp eKampu