Yintoni iMesoamerica?

Igama elithi Mesoamerica lithathwe kwiGrike kunye nelithetha "iMelika yaseMelika." Libhekisela kwingingqi yenkcubeko kunye neenkcubeko ezisuka kumntla waseMexico ukuya ngaphesheya kweMbindi yaseMelika, kuquka intsimi eyenziwe ngamazwe aseGuatemala, eBelize, eHonduras nase-El Salvador. Ngenxa yoko kubonakala njengenxalenye eNyakatho Melika, kwaye iquka ininzi yeMicentral America.

Imimandla eyimfuneko yamandulo yasetyenziswa kule ndawo, kuquka ii-Olmec, iZapotecs, iTeotihuacanos, iMeas , namaAztec.

Ezi nkcubeko zaphuhlisa iinkcubeko ezinzima, zafikelela kumazinga aphezulu okuziphendulela kwezobuchwepheshe, zakha izakhiwo ezinkulu, kwaye zabelwana ngeenkcubeko ezininzi. Nangona le ndawo ihlukeneyo ngokwemihlaba, i-biology kunye nenkcubeko, imiphakathi yasendulo ephuhliswe eMesoamerica yabelana ngeziganeko kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo, kwaye zazihlala zixhulumana kulo lonke uphuhliso.

Iinkalo ezabelwana ngazo ngemiphakathi yasendulo yaseMesoamerica:

Kukho ulwahluke kakhulu phakathi kwamaqela aphuhliswe eMesoamerica, ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo, amasiko kunye nezithethe.

Umlinganiselo weMesoamerica:

Imbali yeMesoamerica ihlukaniswe ngamaxesha amathathu. Abaphengululi be-Archaeologists bawaphula phantsi kwiincinci ezincinci, kodwa ukuqonda ngokubanzi, ezi zintathu zizona zinto ziyizona nto eziyintloko zokuziqonda.

Isikhathi sokuqala se-Classic sisuka kwi-1500 BC ukuya ku-200 AD Ngethuba eli xesha kukho ukucocwa kweendlela zokulima ezivumele ukuba abantu abaninzi, ukwahlukana kwabasebenzi kunye nokuqulunqwa kwentsebenziswano yoluntu oluyimfuneko kwimpucuko yokuphuhlisa. Impucuko ye-Olmec , edlalwa ngamanye amaxesha ngokuthi "inkcubeko yomama" yaseMesoamerica, yaphuhliswa ngeli xesha.

Ixesha eliqhelekileyo , ukusuka ku-200 ukuya ku-900 AD, yabona ukuphuhliswa kwamaziko amakhulu asezidolophini ngokuphambili kwamandla. Ezinye zezi zixeko zakudala ziquka i- Monte Alban e-Oaxaca, iTeotihuacan ephakathi kweMexico kunye namaziko aseMeya aseTikal, ePalenque naseCopan. I-Teotihuacan yenye yeyona methropol enkulu kunazo zonke kwihlabathi ngelo xesha, kwaye impembelelo yayo yolule ngaphezu kweMesoamerica.

Isikhathi se- Post-Classic , ukususela ngo-900 AD ukuya ekufikeni kwabaseSpain ngasekuqaleni kwe-1500s, kuboniswe zizixeko kunye nokugxininisa ngakumbi kwimfazwe kunye nokubingelela. Kwindawo yamaMaya, iChichén Itza yayiyinkokheli enkulu yezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho, nakwiindawo eziphambili. Kwii-1300s, ekupheleni kweli xesha, ama-Aztec (okubizwa ngokuba yi-Mexica) avela. Ama-Aztec ayesakuba ngumhlanga osisigxina, kodwa bahlala eMexico baseMexico basekela isixeko salo esikhulu saseTenochtitlan ngo-1325, kwaye ngokukhawuleza kwavela kwiMesoamerica.

Okunye malunga neMesoamerica:

I-Mesoamerica idla ngokuhlukana kwiindawo ezinkcubeko ezinhlanu: i-West Mexico, i-Central Highlands, i-Oaxaca, kwingingqi yeGulf kunye neMaya.

Igama elithi Mesoamerica liqale liqulunqwe nguPaul Kirchhoff, ummeli we-German-Mexican anthropologist, ngo-1943.

Inkcazo yakhe isekelwe kwimida yendawo, ubuhlanga, kunye neenkcubeko kwixesha lokunqoba. Igama elithi Mesoamerica lisetyenziswe ikakhulu ngabantu bezendalo kunye nabadala bezinto zakudala, kodwa kunceda kakhulu ukuba iindwendwe zaseMexico ziqhelane nayo xa zizama ukuqonda indlela iMexico ephuhlise ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.