01 ngo 04
Joyina nathi kwi-Trail kaWilliam kunye no-Norman Conquest
Amadoda ekusebenzeni afake iWilliam iinqwelo ezivela kwi-Tapestry yeBaye. DEA / M. Seemuller Ngo-Oktobha ngo-1066 uWilliam wenyuka esuka eNormandy ukulwa neNgilani kwi-Battle of Hastings
Ngonyaka we- 2016 ngumnyaka we-950 waloo mfazwe enkulu eguqula isizwe saseNgesi waza wabeka iziseko zelizwe esaziyo namhlanje.
Ngumcimbi obalulekileyo kwaye ngoko i-About.com ye-United Kingdom Travel Travel kunye neFrance Travel iingcali zihlangene ukukuzisa ibali kwaye zibonise iimpawu, izikhumbuzo, amasango kunye neenqanawa onokuzityelela namhlanje ukuzisa ibali ekuphileni. Ngenyanga nganye ngo-2016 siya kukuthabatha kwiindawo ezinqabileyo kunye nokulwa kwemfazwe e-UK nakwiFransi, ehlanganisa zonke iziganeko ezicwangcisiweyo.
02 we 04
ENormandy kwi-Middle Ages
I-Viking Ship e-Puy du Fou Theme Park. © Puy du Fou ENormandy ebusaneni
I-Normandy yabona isabelo sayo esilungileyo sabantu basendulo behlala emadlelweni ayo aluhlaza kunye namahlathi atyebileyo, ukusuka kumaxesha a-Neolithic ukuya kuma-Celts ase-bronze ukuya kumaRoma. Umlawuli waseRoma uDiocletian wadala iphondo laseNormandy kwiminyaka ye-3 leminyaka, kwaye imida ihambelana kakhulu neNormandy yanamhlanje. Ngesinye isihlandlo umbusi waseRoma uConstantius wathatha iBritani neGaul, kwaye amazwe amabini adibaniswa ndawonye okokuqala, kodwa kungekudala, ixesha.
I-Normandy ikhula ngokubaluleka
Xa amaRoma ashiya kwi-4 leminyaka ye-AD, ininzi yeFransi neBrithani yaxhomekeka kwimfazwe yamazwe, umbuso owadlulayo iminyaka engamakhulu amabini de ukuvela kweCharlemagne enkulu (c.742-814) eyafezekisa ngokumangalisayo kokuhlanganisana kakhulu kweNtshona EYurophu, ukuguqula abantu bakhe ebuKristwini nokuguqula imephu yenkcubeko neyengqondo yeYurophu ngonaphakade kunye neNarthingian Renaissance.
Ngekhulu le-9 leminyaka, iNormandy yaba yinxalenye yoBukumkani baseWest Franks, elawulwa yiKumkani yaseFrank ukuya ku-987. Yaye yaya kumaKapa kunye noHugh Capet. U-Duke wase-Ile de France, ummandla ojikeleze iParis, waba nguKumkani wezinto ezaziwa ngokuba yiFransi.
Ngoko kuthiwani ngeViking?
Njengazo ezininzi indawo, imbali yaseNormandy yintanethi ekhuniweyo. Kusenokuba utyunjwe phantsi kweNkosi yaseFransi, kodwa yahlaselwa kuwo onke macala, ngokugqithiseleyo ngamaza ayikayo, ayesabisayo abahlaseli baseDanish.
IiVikings zafika emva kweFransi; INgilani yayijoliswe ekujoliswe kuyo, kwaye ikufutshane. Amaza okuqala aVikings aphangwa, kodwa awalandelwa ngokukhawuleza ngamafama kunye nabathengisi kwaye kungekudala badibanisa kwiNgwandla.
Ngo-845 iiVikings zazifikile eParis ngenxa yokulwa kwazo. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva bahlala kwaye ngo-911 i-Viking 'Jarl' okanye inkokeli, uRollo, (uRollon ngesiFrentshi) wayebalwe nguRouen kwaye unamandla kangangokuba waphoxisa ukuhlala kunye neNkosi yaseFrance uCharles the Simple, ethatha inxaxheba yeNormandy. Kwakungekho konke okubi kwiFrentshi; IiVikings zikhusele loo ndawo ukuya kwiParis kwaye yayisengozini emlanjeni waseSeine.
Ukutshata phakathi kweentsapho ezikhokelayo kukhokelela ekudibaniseni ukudibanisa kokunyaniseka kunye nokungcatsha, amabango kunye namabango okuphikisa. I-upshot echaphazelekayo yezinto ezininzi kunye nokuqhwala kwakungenxa yokuba uRichard I, umzukulu omkhulu kaRollo, wathatha isihloko seDuke waseNormandy.
Eninzi malunga neVikings ezesabekayo
- Ukutyelela iLa Tour de L'Horloge eGuines Olu luhambo lweentsuku ezi-3 lukhulu kakhulu kwiintsapho kunye nabalandeli beembali kwaye bathatha kwiVikings
- Ukutyelela i-Le Puy du Fou Theme Park Le nto yavotelwa ipaki ye-theme engcono kakhulu yehlabathi, kodwa kufanele ilandele uluhlu lwezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo, ubuncinane kunye nokusebenza. Umboniso wokuphila weViking unomkhumbi okhulayo ovela kumaza kunye nokwaneliseka okwenzela nantoni na intsha efuna ukulwa nokubulala. Cofa apha ukuze ubone ividiyo ye-show
03 we 04
Landela Umzila onjengeMfazwe woBomi buka-William bokuqala
IMfazwe ephakathi. UVladimir Serov / Getty Izithombe c. I-1027: UWilliam ungena kwihlabathi
UWilliam wazalelwa kwinqaba yaseFalaise ngo-1027/28 (iirekhodi zazingekho phantsi kwaye ziye zalahleka) kuDuke Robert waseNormandy (owaziwa ngokuba nguRobert uMtyholi kunye no-Duke Richard II unyana omkhulu) kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uHerleva. Waqhubeka watshata noHerluin de Conteville waza wamzalela oonyana ababini, uOdo owaba nguMbhishophu waseBayeux noRobert, Count of Mortain.
UDuke uRobert wafa ngo-1035 okanye ngo-6 waza uWilliam wathatha isihloko kwisithuba seminyaka emi-7 okanye-8.
Iminyaka Yokuqala Yama-William's Tough
Isikhundla esincinane sikaWilliam sasiyinto engaqinisekanga kodwa asibi ngenxa yenkxaso evela kuKumkani Henry I waseFransi oye waqonda ukubaluleka kweNormandy. Nangona kunjalo kwakukho ixesha elingenamthetho: amaqhawe alwela amazwe kunye neendawo zeCawa kunye no-Alan III waseBrithtany babenomdla ummelwane wakhe ocebileyo. Ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-8, uWilliam wayethembela kubalandeli abathembekileyo nabalondolozi ababenomkhuba onzima wokufa okanye ukuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza ngeentshaba zabo; Omnye wabo kuthiwa ubulawe kwindlu yokulala yaseWilliam.
Kwaye iinqaba zakhe zazingaphephile. Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-18 kwafuneka abhekane nomnye umvukelo okhokelwa ngumzala wakhe uGuy waseBurgundy. Ngoxa wayehlala eValognes kwiPeninsula yaseCotentin inkundla yakhe yazama ukumbulala uWilliam. Umfana omncinci wabaleka ehashe ebusuku e-castle kaHubert de Ries owathumela eFalaise kunye noonyana bakhe abathathu abasebenza njengabagcini. Babaleka emasimini, elinye laso labizwa ngokuba yi- auet au Bâtard (iBastard's Way) ngaphesheya komlambo iGronde.
- Landela uWilliam Uhambo. Kukho uhambo lokuvakasha emva kokuhamba kweWilliam kwiidolophane zaseAsnelles kunye neRyes kufuphi neArromanches-les-Bains, eyaziwa ngokuba yiMfazwe Yehlabathi II D-Day Landings.
1047: UWilliam Uza Kulungile
Ekuqaleni kuka-1047 kwakuyixesha lokujongana nabavukeli kunye noWilliam noHenry bacela intshaba zakhe, bazibethe kwi-Battle of Val-ès-Dunes kufuphi neCaen. " Imfazwe enqabileyo apho, ngolunye usuku, yaqhaqhazela amaninzi amanqaba " yakhala ngembali-mlando omnye njengeentshaba zikaWilliam zehla njengezithoba. Kwakuyinto yokuguqula uMbusi osemncinci owayekhuphe iTruce of God kuyo yonke into eyayinqanda imfazwe kunye nobudlova kwiintsuku ezithile zonyaka. Kwikhowudi engaqhelekanga kodwa enamandla, iyalithobela.
- Landela iMfazwe yaseVal-ès-Dunes. I-Ofisi yezoKhenketho yaseVal-ès-Dunes iye yakhiqiza imephu yendlela yokutyelela enokuyilandela, yancedwa ngamapaneli kwiindawo zokulwa ezifanelekileyo.
1051: UWilliams Triumphs
Ngethuba lokuqala kwe-1050s uWilliam wayenomsebenzi wakhe owenziwe kuyo yonke iNormandy. Xa uHugh, umbusi waseMaine, efa ngo-1051, u-Count of Anjou, uGeffrey Martel, owayengumakhelwane, wahlaselwa e-Alençon naseDomfront emngceleni waseNormandy kunye neMaine kodwa wahlulwa nguWilliam noHenry.
Isikhundla sasininzi, njengommandla ommandla, ophantsi kukaWilliam waseBellême kodwa kumnqobi uya kuphanga. Kuphela amanxiwa ase-Bellême yinqaba ehleliyo kwaye yiyo yokugcina kunye neqonga eliyingxenye yokwakhiwa kwonyana kaWilliam weConqeror ka-3, uHenri 1st Beauclerc, inkosi yase-Domfront ukususela ngo-1092, emva koko uKumkani wase-England (1100) kunye nomphathi waseNormandy (1106).
I-Domfront yayiyindlela ebalulekileyo, ilawula indlela esuka eCaen ukuya eMaine ne-Anjou ngasentla ukuya ngasezantsi, kwaye ukusuka e-Alençon ukuya eLe-Mont-St-Michel eya empuma-ntshona.
- I-Domfront yidolophu enhle, ufanelekile ukutyelela.
1051 ukuya ku-53: UWilliam ubeka i-Ally exabisekileyo
Ngoku uHenry wayexhalabisa kakhulu ngamandla kaWilliam okwandisa amandla, ngoko ke kwindlela yokulwa nomdla, u-King Henry watshintsha amacandelo, axhasa uWilliam, u-Count of Arques, apho amazwe akhe agijima ngasezantsi kwe-Dieppe.
Ngama-1053 uWilliam waseArques wayinomngcipheko kumfana osemncinci owawunqabile ngqonge iinqaba zakhe waza wamthumelela. Ekupheleni kuka-1053 UWilliam wayekulwa noKumkani, izikhulu zakhe kunye noMbhishophu Omtsha waseRouen, uMauger.
1054: Olunye uloyiso, ngoko ....
Ingqungquthela yafika ngoFebruwari 1054. UWilliam wabhekana noHenry e-Evreux, ngasezantsi kweRouen kumda wempuma waseNormandy. Umkhosi wesibini kaWilliam owawuquka abaxhasi njengoRobert, Count of Eu, uWalter Giffard, uRoger of Mortemer noWilliam de Warenne, babhekana nomnye umkhosi ohlasela phantsi kukaOdo, umntakwabo kaKum Henry. Ngokomgcini-nkcazo, uWilliam waseJumièges, amaFrentshi ayexakeke ngokudlwengula nokuphanga kangangokuthi babanjwe ngokupheleleyo. Imfazwe yase-Mortemer eyalandela yayiyinkolelo kaWilliam kunye namadoda akhe ngelixa abaninzi abahloniphekileyo baseFransi babulawa.
Kwakukho umfutho omncinci; UHenry noGeffrey baqhubeka behlaselwa kwakhona kwada kwafika ngo-1057 xa baphinde baphonswa nguWilliam kwi-Battle of Varaville, ngasentshonalanga yeKhabourg.
Kwaye kwada kwafika ngo-1060 kunye nokufa kuka-Henry noGeffrey ukuba uWilliam akanokuziva ekhuselekileyo.
I-Shift yamandla e-England
U-Edward uMninimandla waseNgilani wamxelela uWilliam ukuba uyindlalifa kwisihlalo sobukhosi saseNgesi ngo-1051, ngoWilliam. NgoJanuwari 1066 uEdad wafa waza uHarold Godwinson wathweswa uKumkani. UWilliam waqala ukulungiselela amalungiselelo.
04 we 04
Cwangcisa ukutyelela kwiNormandy yamanje
Imfazwe yaseMurmandy Museum, Bayeux. © Calvados Tourisme I-Normandy namhlanje ihlanganisa indawo eninzi kwindawo ephakathi. Ummandla omhle onxweme olude lwamabhenu amakhulu enxweme kunye neCotentin Peninsula ekhangayo ephuma kwisiNgesi seNgesi. Iquka iindawo eziphambili ze- Normandy D-Day Landing Beache , ii-resorts zokuhlala zaseFecamp, i-Honfleur ne- Deauville kunye ne-Mont-St-Michel kunye neendwendwe zayo.
URouen yintloko kunye nesixeko esikhulu nesityebi ngexesha likaWilliam. Yibambe i-Exchequer yase-Normandy kwaye yayiyinkunzi yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-Anglo-Norman ezilawula iFransi neNgilani ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwe-15 leminyaka. Khangela izinto eziphakamileyo kunye nezokhenketho eRouen .
- Fumana uhlangothi lwesiNgesi lwalathatha kwi-ingcali ye-UK.com .
- Fumanisa into eyenzekayo kwinzala kaWilliam kwiHlabathi elitsha e-UK kwi -Rufus Stone