I-Peru yindawo ebalulekileyo yokuzamazama komhlaba, kunye neentshukumo ezincinane ezingama-200 ezenzeka kumyinge ngamnye ngonyaka. Ngokutsho kwiwebhusayithi ye-Studies Country, kuye kwaba namazamazama angaphezu kwe-70 ePeru ukususela ngo-1568, okanye enye kwiminyaka emithandathu.
Injongo ephambili emva kwesi senzo sisimo sokusebenzisana kwamacwecwe amabini e-tectonic ecaleni lonxweme olusentshonalanga eMzantsi Melika. Apha, i-Plate yeNzca enkulu, esempuma ye-Pacific Ocean, idibana nelizwekazi laseMzantsi Afrika.
I-Plate yaseNazca iyancipha phantsi kwePlani yaseMzantsi Melika, ebangela ukuba indawo yolwandle iyaziwa njengePeru-Chile Trench. Le nkqutyana ikwaxanduva lenye yeentshona zeMzantsi Melika ezichazwe ngokucacileyo kwiindawo zeendawo: i-Andean Range.
I-Nazca Plate iyaqhubeka iphoqele indlela yayo phantsi kwehlabathi lehlabathikazi, ngelixa iimbambano ezibandakanyekayo kule nxaxheba ye-tectonic zikhokelela kwiingozi ezininzi zemvelo ePeru . Iimvumba zenzeke ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye i-Peru ihlala yindawo yokusebenza kwe-volcanic. Ingozi enkulu kubahlali bendawo, nangona kunjalo, isongelo senyikima kunye neengozi ezinxulumene neengcambu ze-landslide, i-avalanch, kunye ne-tsunami.
Imbali Yokuzamazama komhlaba ePeru
Imbali yeentlanzi ezityikityo ePeru zibuyela emva kwe-1500s. Enye yeengxelo zokuqala zeentsuku zokuzamazama komhlaba ukususela ngo-1582, xa ukuzamazama kwabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisixeko saseArequipa, besithi ubuncinane abantu abangama-30 kule nkqubo.
Ezinye iinyikima ezinkulu kwi-1500s ziquka:
- 1687 - Inyikima ye-8.2 enkulu yadala umonakalo omkhulu eLima, eCallao nase-Ica. I-tsunami eyiphumela yonakalisa ichweba lasePisco. Ukufa kwabantu ababalelwa ku-5 000.
- 1746 - Ukuzamazama komhlaba kweLima-Callao ngo-Oktobha 28, 1746, kwagqitywa iLima, ngelixa i-tsunami elandelayo yatshatyalalisa idolophu yaseCallao. Ama-6,000 abulawe abhalwe emva kwenyikima (8.6 ukuya ku-8.8) kunye ne-tsunami. Umzobo kaKristu, owawusinda ku-1687 inyikima, nawo wasinda kwi ntlekele ka-1746. Lo mfanekiso, owaziwa ngokuba yi- El Señor de los Milagros (iNkosi yeMimangaliso), ngowona mbandela wenkxaso yenkolo enkulu eyenzeka eLima njalo ngo-Oktobha .
- 1868 - Inyikima ye-Arica ka-1868 ihlala yimbandezelo enamandla kumlando welizwe (i-Arica yayiyingxenye ye-Peru ngelo xesha, kodwa ngoku ivela kwiChile). Ingqungquthela, eyayinobungakanani obuphakathi kwe-8.5 no-9.0, yachitha imizi ehlukahlukeneyo kumzantsi welizwe, kuquka i-Arica, iTacna, kunye ne-Arequipa, okubangelwa ubuncinci abangama-25 000.
- 1928 - Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisixeko saseChapopoyas enyakatho yePeru. Esi siganeko sabangela umhlaba owawubulala abantu abangama-25.
- Ngo-1946 - NgoNovemba 10, inyikima enkulu ye-7.3 yahlasela indawo yase-Ancash yasePeru. Ingqungquthela eyayibangela ukuguqulwa komhlaba kwabhubhisa idolophu yamaQuquhes kunye neConchucos kunye neeMeya ezilimele. Inani lokufa lalinganiselwa ku-1,400 kunye no-2,000.
- Ngowe-1970 - Inyikima ye-Ancash kaMeyi 31, 1970, ihlala yintlekele eyingozi kakhulu kwimbali yasePeru. I-epicenter yayikulo lonxweme lwasePeru; akukho zii-tsunami ezinkulu ezirekhodiweyo. Nangona unamandla angaphantsi kuneentshukumo zangaphambili (7.9 ukuya ku-8.0 kwisikali se-Richter), ukuzamazama komhlaba kwabangela ukuhlaselwa kwamanzi amaninzi ukuhlahlela emathafeni eNtaba yaseHuascarán, intaba ephakamileyo ePeru . Ukugqithwa kweerwala kunye neqhwa kwamngcwaba iidolophu zaseYungay neRamrahirca, kwabulala abantu abayi-100 000 kwaye kwalimala ama-200,000.
- 2007 - Ngomhla ka-Agasti 15, inyikima ye-8.0 yamanxweme enxweme ePeru. Inyikima yavezwa kwilizwe lonke, kodwa uPisco, Chincha, kunye ne-Ica babenomonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Ingqungquthela, inyikima yashiya abantu abangama-519 bafa kunye ne-1,366 yalimala, kunye nemizi engaphezu kwama-58,000 yabhujiswa.
Ukusasazwa komhlaba
Uninzi lweentshukumo ezichazwe ngasentla zenzeke kwiindawo zonxweme, kodwa zonke iinkalo ezintathu zasePeru ezikulo ndawo -unxweme, iindawo eziphakamileyo kunye ne-jungle - zixhomekeke kwimisebenzi yentshonalanga.
Uninzi lwenyikima (5.5 nangaphezulu) livela kwinqanaba lokutshintshela kufuphi ne-Peru-Chile Trench. Inxalenye yesibini yomsebenzi wesisimo iyenzeka kwi-Andean Range nangempuma ukuya kwi-jungle ephezulu ( selva alta ). Amahlathi asezantsi ase-Amazon Basin, okwangoku, amava enyikima ephantsi ngaphantsi komhlaba, ephantsi kwe-300 ukuya kuma-700 km.
UkuPhuhliswa koMhlaba ePeru
Ukusabela kwamaPeru kwindyikima kuyaqhubeka nokuphucula kodwa akukafiki amazinga atholakala kumazwe amaninzi athuthukile. Ngokomzekelo, iimpendulo kwindyikima ka-2007, yayigxeka kakhulu nangona iimeko ezintle. Abalimala baxoshwa ngokukhawuleza, kwakungabikho ukusasazeka kwezifo kunye nabemi abachaphazelekayo bafumana inqanaba elifanelekileyo loxhaswa. Nangona kunjalo, impendulo yokuqala ibangelwa ukungabikho komanyano.
NgokukaSamir Elhawary noGerardo Castillo kwisifundo se- 2008 kwi-Humanitarian Policy Group , "inkqubo kwinkalo yesithili yazama nzima ukujamelana nomlinganiselo wongxamiseko kwaye urhulumente ophakathi, kunokuba axhasane nenkqubo yesithili, wayidlulela ngokudala isakhiwo sempendulo esifanayo. "Oku kwadala inqanaba leengxabano kunye nokungafezekisi okwakubambelela ngokubanzi ukulawulwa kweentlekele.
Ngokulungelelaniswa, uRhulumente wasePeru uyaqhubeka nokufundisa nokuxelela uluntu malunga neengozi zehlabathi kunye neengozi ezinxulumene nazo. Inani lokubetha kwenyikima yenzeka ngonyaka ngamnye kumgangatho kazwelonke, kunceda ukugqamisa imida ekhuselekileyo kunye neendlela zokuphuma xa ukhuthaza inkqubo yokukhusela.
Enye ingxaki eqhubekayo ikhona, nangona kunjalo, ukwakha izindlu ezimbi. Iindlu ezineendonga ze-adobe okanye zamadaka zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwenkunkuma yomhlaba; Zininzi izindlu ezinjalo ePeru, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezihluphekayo.
Iingcebiso kubahambi basePeru
Uninzi lwabahambi abayi kuba nantoni na engaphezulu kwentshukumo encinci ngelixa e-Peru, ngoko akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka ngeentshukumo zomhlaba ngaphambi okanye ngexesha lokuhamba kwakho. Ukuba uvakalelwa ngumoya, khangela indawo yokukhuseleka kwenkunkuma kwindawo yakho ekufutshane (ukuba awukwazi ukubona indawo ekhuselekileyo, landela iingcebiso ezingezantsi). Iindawo ezikhuselekileyo zigqitywa yimpawu eziluhlaza kunye ezimhlophe zithi " iZona Segura en Casos de Sismos " ("inyikima" eSpanishi yi- sismo okanye i- terremoto ).
Ukufumana amanye amathiphu malunga nokukhuselwa kwenyikima xa uhamba, funda iinqununu zokuKhuselwa koKhuseleko kwabaThunywa abaPhezulu (ezichaphazelekayo kubo bonke abahambayo bonke ubudala).
Kwakhona ingcinga efanelekileyo ukubhalisa uhambo lwakho kunye ne-ambassy yakho ngaphambi kokuya ePeru.