Nangona usongelo lobugandxela, iYurophu iya kuhlala kwindawo ekhuselekileyo
Ngohlaselo lwa kutshanje eBelgium naseFransi, zombini iYurophu YaseYurophu kunye neUnited States baye bahlala beqaphele ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula. Ngomhla ka-3 Matshi, iSebe likaRhulumente likhuphe ukukhupha kwabo bonke abantu baseMelika, bebasikela "... amaqela obutshabhaka njengesi-ISIL kunye ne-al-Qaida kunye nabalingane balo bayaqhubeka beceba ukuhlasela kwexesha elide eYurophu." Kuyo yonke iYurophu, iintlanga ezininzi-kuquka iBelgium, iFransi, iJamani kunye neSpeyin - zihlala zisengozini enkulu ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula.
Ezi nkxalabo zafunyanwa xa abahlaseli abathathu behlasele iziqhuqhuma kwiindawo ezimbini zokuqhubela iindawo ezihamba phambili kwiBroxelles, inkulu-dolophu yaseBelgium, ngoMatshi 22, 2016.
Ngoxhala lokuba olunye uhlaselo lusondele, ngaba ngabahambi belizwe lonke kufuneka bacinge ukukhansela iholide yabo yaseYurophu? Nangona ukwenziwa kobugorha kuphakamileyo ixesha elide kulo lonke elaseYurophu, iintlanga zasentshona zinomqolo osezantsi wezobudlova kunakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Ngaphambi kokukhansela, abahambi bafanele baqwalasele zonke iinkalo zokwenza isigqibo esikolweni malunga nohambo lwabo oluzayo.
Imbali ephethwe yintlupheko yamhlanje eYurophu
Ukususela ngo-Septemba 11 Ukuhlaselwa e-United States, ihlabathi liye lalinda ngokugqithiseleyo malunga nokuphathwa kobugrogasi. Nangona i-America iye yaxhalabela kakhulu ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula, iYurophu iye yabona isabelo sabo esihle sokuhlaselwa. Ngokweenkcukacha eziqokelelwe yi -Economist , iYurophu iye yasinda kuma-23 ahlaselo lwabakhukhuni abangela ukufa kabini okanye ngaphezulu phakathi ko-2001 noJanuwari 2015.
Ngezihlaselo zakutshanje eBelgium, eDenmark naseFransi, inani liye lafudukela kwi-26.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba zonke izihlaselo ziqhutywe ngophelo lwezenkolo. Kubandakanywa nokuhlaselwa kwangoko kuFransi naseBelgium, abaxhasi beSilamsi baye baxanduva lokuhlaselwa kwezi-11, ezimele ngaphantsi kwesigamu sobundlobongela bonke.
Phakathi kwabo, ukuhlaselwa okufa kunokuba yi- bombing yaseBrazil ngo-2004, ukuhlaselwa kwezinto ezenziwa ngabantu baseLondon ngo-2006, kunye nokuhlaselwa kwangoko kuFransi naseBelgium. Zonke ezinye zahlukana phakathi kweengcamango zezopolitiko, ukunyakaza kwee-apartatist, okanye izizathu ezingaziwa.
IYurophu ithelekiswa njani kwezinye iindawo?
Nangona kukho ukuhlaselwa kwezi-1.6 ngonyaka, i-European subcontinent ingaphantsi kwenani lehlabathi jikelele lokubulala abantu. Ofisi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye neCriminal (UNODC) I- Global Study Study kwi-Homicide yabona izinga lokubulala abantu baseYurophu kuphela ngama-3.0 ngabantu abayi-100 000. Umyinge wehlabathi jikelele wokubulala wabantu babengu-6.2 kwi-100,000 yabantu, kunye nezinye iindawo eziphakamileyo eziphezulu. Amazwe aseMelika (kuquka iUnited States) ekhokelela ihlabathi nge-16.3 yokubulala abantu ngabalingana abayi-100 000, ngelixa i-Afrika ibe ne-12.5 yokubulala abantu nge-100,000 yabantu.
Ngokubhekiselele ekuhlaselweni komntu-mntu, iintlanga zaseYurophu zikwahlula i-statistical safe. I-UNODC ichaza ukuhlaselwa njenge "... ukuhlaselwa ngokwenyama komzimba womnye umntu obangela ukulimala komzimba." Ngo-2013, iUnited States yabika amaninzi amanxeba ehlabathini , ibhalisa ngaphezu kwe-724,000 yokuhlaselwa - okanye i-226 kwi-100,000 yabantu. Nangona zombini iJamani kunye neUnited Kingdom zibeka phezulu ezihlaselweni ngokubanzi, amanani abo ayengaphantsi kwamanye amazwe kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ezinye iintlanga ezixela inani eliphezulu lokuhlaselwa ziquka iBrazil, Indiya, Mexico kunye neColombia .
Ngaba kuphephe ukuhamba eYurophu ngomoya nomhlaba?
Nangona iziglogongela zaseBelgium zijolise kwii-hubs zokuthutha zikawonkewonke, kuquka i-Brussels Airport kunye nesiteshini sendlela, Ukugqibela kokuhlaselwa kwesigebengu kwi-moya yorhwebo kwenzeka ngo-Oktobha 31, 2015, xa i-aircraft yaseMrazil i-MetroJet iqhutywe ibhomu emva kokuba iphume eYiputa. Ngenxa yoko, ezininzi iinkampani zeeYurophu zanciphisa kakhulu iishedyuli zazo eziya eenqwelo-moya zaseYiputa.
Ukugqibela ukuzama ukuqhubhisa ibhomu ephuma eYurophu ukuya eUnited States kwenzeka ngo-2009, xa umama oneminyaka engama-23 ubudala, u-Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab uzama ukuphazamisa ukuqhuma kweplastiki efihliweyo kwiingubo zakhe zangaphantsi.
Nangona iminyaka edlulileyo ifumene inani elinyukayo lezixhobo ezizama ukupasa i- checkpoint ye - Transportation Security pointpoint , enye ukuhlaselwa kwinqwelo-moya ayizange isenzeke.
Ngokubhekiselele ekuthuthweni komhlaba emhlabeni jikelele, ukhuseleko luhlala luxhalabisa. Ngokweenkcukacha eziqokelelwe yiSebe lezokuThutho lase-United States, isiganeko sokugqibela esiphezulu kwiindawo zokuthutha zikawonkewonke ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa kweBrussels eMadrid, eSpain. Abantu abangaphezu kwe-1,500 balimala ngenxa yemibhobho edibeneyo.
Ngoxa ixhala lezinto ezisongela izithuthi eziqhelekileyo zinyani, abahambi bafanele baqaphele ukuba le meko ayilona yinto eqhelekileyo yobomi bemihla ngemihla . Abo baqaphela isisongelo esilungileyo kwindawo yokubambisa uluntu kufuneka baqhagamshelane neenkonzo ezingxamisekileyo kunye neengxaki zabo, baze balungiselele isicwangciso sokhuseleko ngaphambi kokubhankwa.
Ziziphi iindlela endikhethayo zokukhansela iholide yaseYurophu?
Emva kokuba uhambo lukhishwe, ukhetho lwabahambi ngelokukhansela lunqunywe ngamanani amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, xa kwenzeka isiganeko esiqinisekisiweyo, kukho iindlela eziliqela abahambahambayo abangatshintsha izicwangciso zabo ngaphambi okanye emva kokuhamba.
Abahambi abazithengela ithikithi elipheleleyo lokubhadela (ngezinye iinkcukacha elibizwa ngokuba yi "Ytikiti") banokuguquguquka xa befika kwezohambo zabo. Ngaphantsi kwezi migaqo, abahambahamba banokutshintsha uhambo lwabo ngeendleko ezincinci, okanye bakhuphe uhambo lwabo lokubuyisela imali. Nangona kunjalo, umgca wezantsi ukukhawuleza ukukhatyathwa kwekitikhi yintengo: ithikithi epheleleyo yexabiso lokuthengisa ixabiso elininzi liphezulu kunelabo abathengayo ithikithi loqoqosho lomvuzo.
Enye inketho kubandakanya ukuthenga i-inshurensi yokuhamba ngaphambi kohambo. Ngomgaqo-nkqubo we-inshorensi yokuhamba, abahambi bafumana iingeniso zokukhansela uhambo lwabo kwimeko yongxamiseko, bahlawulelwe ngeendleko ezithintekayo ngenxa yexesha lokulibazisa, okanye ukukhusela umthwalo wabo kwi-flight. Nangona iimeko ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zifunyenwe ngomshuwalense wokuhamba, iinkcazo zabo ezibangelwayo zingancinci. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi, uhambo luya kucela kuphela isigatya sabo sobugrogasi ukuba isiganeko sichazwa ngokuhlaselwa ngumlawuli wesizwe .
Ekugqibeleni, xa kwenzeka isiganeko sogqirha, ii-airline ezininzi zinganika abahambi ithuba lokukhansela okanye ukutshintsha izicwangciso zabo. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhlaselwa kweBrussels, zonke iinqwelo-moya ezinkulu zaseMelika zanikezela abantu abahamba ngeenqwelo ezihamba ngeenqwelo-moya, bebanika ukulungelelanisa xa beqhubeka nokuhamba kwabo okanye baxoshe ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphambi kokuxhomekeka kule nzuzo, abahambi bafanele bahlole i-airline yabo ukuze bafunde kabanzi malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo wokukhansela.
Ndingakukhusela njani ikhefu lam eYurophu?
Iingcali ezininzi zibonisa ukuba abahambi mabaqwalasele ukuthenga i-inshurensi yokuhamba ngaphambi kokuphumla kwabo, ukwenzela ukuba bandise ngakumbi ukukhusela kwabo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abahamba ngelo xesha baye bafumana inqanaba le-inshurensi yokuhamba xa bekhange uhambo lwabo kwikharityhulam yekhredithi enika ukukhusela abathengi . Ukuba azinjalo, kusenokuba ixesha lokuqwalasela ukuthenga iplani ye-inshorensi yokuhamba yenkampani yesithathu.
Emva koko, bonke abahambahambayo kufuneka baqwalasele isicwangciso sokhuseleko ngaphambi kokuba bahambe kwaye ngelixa baya kwindawo. Isicwangciso sokhuseleko somntu siqu sifanele sibandakanye ukudala ikiti yokuhamba ngokuhamba kunye namaxwebhu abalulekileyo, ukutyikitywa kwiNkqubo yoBhaliso lwabaThuthi be-Smart Travel (STEP), kunye nokulondolozwa kwamanani ophuthumayo kwindawo yokuya kuyo. Abahambi mababuye bagcine inani le-ambassy yabo elisondeleyo, kwaye baqaphele ukuba zeziphi iingcali zengingqi kwaye abanako ukubonelela ngabemi xa bephesheya.
Ekugqibeleni, abo banenkxalabo malunga nokhuseleko lwabo jikelele kufuneka bacinge ngokuthenga umgaqo-nkqubo we-inshurensi yokuhamba nge-Cancel ngenxa yesizathu esithile ekuhambeni kohambo lwabo lohambo. Ngokufaka i-Cancel kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo, abahambi bangafumana imali yokubuyisela iindleko zabo zokuhamba xa benquma ukungahambi. Ukuqinisekiswa okungekho ngaphezulu, ininzi yomshuwalense we-inshurensi iya kuhlawula imali eyongezelelweyo yokongeza i-Cancel yesizathu esithile kwaye ifune ukuba abahambi bafike bathenge izicwangciso zabo kwiintsuku ezi-14 ukuya kwezingama-21 zohambo lwabo lokuqala.
Nangona kungekho mntu unokuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko, abahambi bangathatha amanyathelo amaninzi ukulawula ukhuseleko lwabo phesheya. Ngokuqonda iingongelo ezisetyenziswayo eYurophu kunye neemeko ngokubanzi njengoko zimiyo, abahambahambayo namhlanje banokuqiniseka ukuba benza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zokuhamba kwabo ngoku nakwixesha elizayo.