Izibalo zibonisa ukuba ungaba lixhoba kule ndawo
Kwinqaku elidlulileyo, saqwalasela inani lolwaphulo-mthetho olwenzeka kwiintlanga ngeenxa zonke. Nangona kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa ububungqina bendawo ukuba ibango lendawo liyingozi kunomnye, amanqaku angancedisa abahambi ukuba banqume ukuba zeziphi iindibano ezinokubaluleka kwezobugebengu ngaphambi kokuba zihambe.
Unyaka emva konyaka, i-Ofisi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwiDrama noLwaphulo-mthetho (UNDOC) iqokelela inani elivela kumazwe alungu ukuba liqonde kangcono iipateni zolwaphulo-mthetho.
Nangona kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba isetyenzisi sedatha iyanqunyanyiswa ngeendlela ezininzi, kubandakanywa iingxelo zefilosofi kunye nabantu abachaseneyo, ukunika ingxelo kubanika abahambi ukuba babuke ngokubanzi kwiipatheni zobugebengu jikelele emhlabeni wonke.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uhambo lithatha abahambi, ukukhusela ngaphambi kokufika kubalulekile ukuba ube namava amava. Ngaphambi kokuba abahambi baphume ukuza kubona ihlabathi, qiniseka ukuba uqonde umngcipheko woba lixhoba lobugebengu. Ngokweenkcukacha ezivela kwi-UNODC, ezi ntlanga zinamaqela amaninzi olwaphulo-mthetho ngabemi.
Amazwe onobungozi ngokuhlaselwa kwabantu ngabemi kwihlabathi
Ekuqokeleleni iinkcukacha zamanani zonyaka, i-UNODC ichaza ukuhlaselwa njengalowo "... ukuhlaselwa ngokomzimba kumzimba womnye umntu obangela ukulimala komzimba, ngaphandle kokuhlaselwa ngokwesini / ukuhlukunyezwa ngokwesini, ukusongela nokubetha / ukubetha." Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlaselwa okuphelile ekubulaleni akubandakanyi kule ngxelo.
Amazwe anesisindo esiphezulu sokuhlaselwa kwabemi baseMzantsi Melika : I-Ecuador ineziganeko ezininzi zokuhlaselwa ngabemi ngo-2013, ukuhlaselwa okungaphezu kwe-1 000 ngabantu abayi-100 000 kulolu hlanga. I-Argentina, enye indawo eyaziwayo, yafika yesibini, i-840 ihlaselwa minyaka yonke ngabantu abayi-100,000.
ISlovakia, iJapane kunye nesiqithi esiya eSt. Kitts naseNevis nazo zaxela amaninzi ahlaselo, uhlanga ngalunye luvakalisa ukuhlaselwa kwama-600 kubantu abangama-100 000 ngo-2013.
Amazwe angengozini yokuthumba abantu ngabemi kwihlabathi
I-UNODC ibona ukuthunjwa ngokuthi "... ngokungekho mthethweni ukuvalela umntu okanye abantu ngokumelene nentando yabo," ngenjongo yokuqokelela intlawulelo okanye ukunyanzelisa umntu othunjiweyo ukuba enze into ethile. Nangona kunjalo, iingxabano zomntwana eziphambene nemida yomhlaba wonke aziqwalaselwe kwiinkcukacha zokuthumba.
Ngo-2013, iLebhanon yabika amaninzi amaninzi ekuthunjweni, ukunika abantu abangaphezu kwama-30 ukutshuntshwa kwi-100,000 yabantu. UBelgium kwakhona yabika inani eliphezulu lokunxila, kunye nokutshuntshwa kwe-10 ngabantu abayi-100 000. I-Cabo Verde, iPanama, ne-Indiya yayineenani eliphezulu zokuthunjwa, uhlanga ngalunye lugqithisa abantu abangama-5 abathunjwa ngabantu abayi-100,000.
Kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba iKhanada nayo ibike inani eliphezulu lokuthunjwa kwabantu ngabemi, kunye nokuthunjwa okungaphezu kwe-9 kwi-100,000 yabantu. Nangona kunjalo, i-UNODC ibona amanqaku aseCanada afaka phakathi kokuthunjwa kwendabuko kunye nokugqithiswa kwecala, okubhekwa nje ngolwaphulo-mthetho olwahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, nangona iCanada ibike inani eliphezulu lokutshutshiswa minyaka yonke, idatha ibandakanya iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo kungekhona kwingcaciso yesiqhelo yokuthunjwa.
Amazwe angengozini yokweba nokuphanga ngabemi kwilizwe
Ingxelo ye-UNODC ichaza ukweba nokuphanga njengezophulo-mthetho ezimbini. Ubusela buchazwa ngokuthi "... ukulahla umntu okanye umbutho wepropathi ngaphandle kombutho ngenjongo yokuwugcina," ngoxa ukuphanga kufaka "... ukweba kwepropati kumntu, ukunqoba ukuchaswa ngamandla okanye usongelo lomkhosi." Ngokwenza oko, "ukuphanga" kwakuza kubakho ukukhwabanisa okanye ukukhwabanisa imali, ngelixa ukukhawulwa kwempahla kuza kuthathwa ngokuba "ubusela." Ubusela obukhulu, njengezithuthi, azifaki kule nkcukacha. Ngenxa yokuba i-UNODC ibona ukuba la macala ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo, siya kuqwalasela iziganeko ngabemi ngokuhlukileyo.
Iintlanga zaseYurophu yaseSweden, eNetherlands kunye naseDenmark nganye zibalise inani eliphezulu lobusela ngabemi ngo-2013, kunye nolunye uhlanga lugqithisa ubuqhopho obungaphezu kwama-3 000 ngabantu abayi-100,000.
INorway, iNgilani kunye neWales, eJamani kunye neFinland nazo zaxela inani eliphangaleleyo lobusela kubemi bohlanga lwabo, isizwe ngasinye sichaza ubuphangi obungama-2,100 abantu abayi-100 000 ngexesha elifanayo.
Ngokubhekiselele ekuphanga, iBelgium yabika inani eliphakamileyo leengxelo ngokubhekiselele kuluntu, kunye nokuphanga kwe-1,616 ngamnye kwi-100 000 yabantu ngo-2013. I-Costa Rica ibike inani elona liphezulu, kunye ne-984 ukuphanga ngamnye kwi-100,000 yabantu. IMexico yaza yesine, ibika malunga nama-596 abaphangi ngabasebenzi abayi-100 000 ngo-2013.
Amazwe angengozini ngenxa yobundlobongela ngokwesondo ngabemi kwilizwe
I-UNODC ichaza ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo ngokuthi "ukudlwengulwa, ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo, kunye neentlobano zesondo malunga nabantwana." Ukubikwa yiZizwe eziManyeneyo kuqhubela phambili ukuhlawula amanqaku kwiingxelo zokudlwengulwa, kunye nokuxoxwa ngokwesondo kubantwana njengedatha ehlukileyo.
Ngo-2013, isiqithi esiya eSt. Vincent naseGrenadines sabika ngobundlobongela obukhulu besondo, kunye neengxelo ezingaphezu kwama-209 ngabantu abayi-100,000. ISweden, i-Maldives kunye neCosta Rica nayo yabonisa inani eliphezulu lobudlova ngokwesondo, ngohlanga ngalunye luchaza iimeko ezili-100 kwi-100,000 yabantu. I-Indiya, echaze iimeko ezininzi zobundlobongela ngokwesondo , zaba ne-9.3 iingxelo kwi-100,000 yabantu-ngaphantsi kweCanada kunye neentlanga ezininzi zaseYurophu.
Xa kuphela ukudlwengulwa, iSweden yabika amaninzi amaninzi kubemi, kunye namaqela angama-58.9 ngabantu abayi-100 000 ngo-2013. I-England neWales ziza okwesibini, kunye neengxaki ezingama-36.4 kwi-100,000 yabemi, kunye neCosta Rica iza kwiyesithathu kwiimeko ezingama-100 zokudlwengula ngokulinganayo kwexesha. I-India, echaze amacala angama-33 000 okudlwengula ngo-2013, yayineziganeko ezi-2.7 kwi-100,000 yabantu-ngaphantsi kwe-United States, kunye neengxelo ezingama-24.9 kwi-100,000 yabantu.
Ngelixa sithemba ukuba abahamba ngexesha lingaba lixhoba lolwaphulo-mthetho, ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokutyelela indawo ekuya kuyo unokuqinisekisa ukuba uhlala ukhuselekile njengoko uhamba. Ngokugcina ezi ngcamango engqondweni, abahambi bangaqinisekisa ukuba bayazi ingozi ngaphambi kokuba batyelele indawo ababeya kuyo.