Ngegama elifakela lonke ubukhulu bexesha elidlulileyo laseYiputa, iNtlambo yooKumkani yenye yezona ndawo zikhethwa kakhulu kwiindawo zokuvakasha. Itholakala kwibhantshona elisentshonalanga yeNayile, ngokuthe ngqo kumlambo ukususela kwisixeko samandulo saseThebes (ngoku esiyaziwa njengeLuxor). Kwimihlaba, intlambo ayinakwenzeka; kodwa ngaphantsi komhlaba ongenazintlu unamangcwaba angama-60 anqambileyo, awakhiwa phakathi kwekhulu lama-16 neye-11 BC ukuya kwindlu yokufa kukaFaro.
Intlambo inezixhobo ezimbini ezihlukeneyo - iWest Valley kunye ne-East Valley. Uninzi lwamangcwaba lufumaneka kwingalo yokugqibela. Nangona phantse zonke zaziphangiwe ngexesha elidlulileyo, ama-murals kunye nama-hieroglyphs agubungela iindonga zamangcwaba obukumkani anika ingqiqo ebalulekileyo kwimikhosi yemingcwabo kunye neenkolelo zamaYiputa aseMandulo.
Intlambo yamaxesha amandulo
Emva kweminyaka yokufunda ngokubanzi, abaninzi abapheli-mlando bakholelwa ukuba iNtlambo yooKumkani yayisetyenziselwa njengomhlaba wokungcwaba umkhosi ukususela malunga ne-1539 BC ukuya ku-1075 BC-ixesha eliphantse iminyaka engama-500. Ibingcwaba lokuqala elalibekwe apha yile ye-pharao uThutmose I, ngelixa igumbi lokugqibela lomkhosi kucingelwa ukuba yiRamesses XI. Akuqinisekanga ukuba kutheni uThutmose ndakhetha itlambo njengendawo ye-necropolis yakhe entsha. Ezinye i-Egyptologists zibonisa ukuba waphefumlelwa kukufuphi kwe-al-Qurn, intaba ekholelwa ukuba ingcwele kunodadekazi bakaHathor noMeretseger, kwaye ubunobomi babo bunamathela kwii-Old Kingdom pyramid.
Indawo yokuhlala ecaleni kwendawo enqamlekileyo inokuthi ibe nesibheno, okwenza kube lula ukulondoloza amangcwaba ngokuchasayo.
Naphezu kwegama layo, iNtlambo yooKumkani yayingabonwa ngabantu abodwa. Enyanisweni, uninzi lwamangcwaba alo lwaluyinto ehlonelwayo kunye namalungu oonyana basebukhosini (nangona abafazi be -harahara bebeya kungcwatywa kwiNtili yaseFaens esondeleyo emva kokuba kwakhiwe ukwakhiwa nge-1301 BC).
Amathuba kwiintlambo zombini ziyakhiwa kwaye zihlotswe ngabasebenzi abanezakhono abahlala kwidolophana yaseDeir el-Medina. Olu hlobo lwalubuhle bezo zihombo ukuba amangcwaba aye agxininise ekukhenketho amawaka eminyaka. Imiqulu ebhalwe yiGrike yamaGrike kunye namaRoma ingabonwa kwiindawo ezininzi zamangcwaba, ngakumbi iRamesses VI (KV9) eneemifanekiso engaphezu kwe-1 000 yegraffiti yamandulo.
Imbali Yanamhlanje
Ngoku kutshanje, amangcwaba sele esecaleni lophando olubanzi kunye nophando. Ngenkulungwane ye-18, iNapoleon yayithumelele imephu ecacileyo yeNtlambo yooKumkani kunye namangcwaba ayo. Abaqhubi baqhubeka bevula iingcwaba ezintsha kwixesha le-19 leminyaka, kwaze kwaba yilapho umhloli wamazwe waseMerika uTheodore M. Davis evakalisa ukuba indawo yahlanjululwa ngokupheleleyo ngo-1912. Waboniswa kakubi ngo-1922, nangona kunjalo, xa umgcini wezinto zakudala waseBrithani uWoward Carter wahombisa uhambo olutyhila ingcwaba likaTutankhamun . Nangona iTutankhamun ngokwakhe yayingumfokazi omncinci, ubuncwane obungenangqondo obufunyenwe engcwabeni lakhe benzile enye yezona zinto zidumileyo ezidumileyo.
INtlambo yooKumkani yasungulwa njenge-UNESCO kwiGugu leMhlaba ngowe-1979 kunye nayo yonke into yaseTheban Necropolis, kwaye iyaqhubeka isifundo sezinto eziqhubekayo zophando.
Yintoni ongayibona & Yenza
Namhlanje, amathuba angama-63 kuphela entilini angatyelelwa luluntu, kwaye ahlala evulekile ngexesha elifanayo. Kunoko, oogunyaziwe bajikeleza ukuba zeziphi iindawo ezivulekileyo ukwenzela ukuzama nokunciphisa umonakalo wezokhenketho ngobuninzi (kuquka ukunyuka kwamazinga e-carbon dioxide, ukuxubana kunye nomswakama). Kwimangcwaba emininzi, iimbumba ezikhuselweyo zikhuselwe ngabaxhasi kunye nezikrini zeglasi; ngelixa abanye baxhotyiswe ngokukhanyisa kombane.
Kuzo zonke iingcwaba kwiNtlambo yooKumkani, eyona ethandwa kakhulu yinto yeTutankhamun (KV62). Nangona kuncinci kwaye kuye kwahlulwa ubuninzi bobuncwane bayo, kusekho indlu yomfana oyinkosikazi, igxininiswe kwisigxina somthi. Ezinye izinto eziphakamileyo ziquka ingcwaba likaRamesses VI (KV9) kunye noTuthmose III (KV34). Ixesha langaphambili lelinye lamatye amakhulu kunye nelona likhulu kakhulu, kwaye lidume ngokuhlobisa kwayo elineenkcazo ezibonisa icatshulwa epheleleyo yeNcwadi ye-Caverns.
Eli lilandelayo liyingcwaba enkulu kunazo zonke ezivuleleke kwiindwendwe, kwaye libuyela emva malunga ne-1450 BC. Umgca wesigcawu ubonisa ubuncinane ngaphantsi kwama-741 aseYiputa, xa igumbi lokungcwaba liquka i-sarcophagus enhle eyenziwe nge-quartzite ebomvu.
Qiniseka ukuba uceba ukutyelela kwiMyuziyam yaseYiputa e- Cairo ukuze ubone ubuncwane obususwe kwiNtlambo yooKumkani ukuze bavikele. Ezi ziquka ininzi yamammim, kunye ne-Tutankhamun yeempawu zokufa zegolide. Qaphela ukuba izinto ezininzi ezivela kwiTecankhamun ezingabonakaliyo ezincinci zisanda kutshintshwa kwiMyuziyam yaseYiputa yaseNigeria kufuphi neGiza Pyramid Complex - kuquka inqwelo yakhe yokumangalisa.
Ukutyelela
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokutyelela iNtlambo yooKumkani. Abahambi abazimeleyo bangaqesha itekisi eLuxor okanye kwi-terminal ye-ferry ye-West Bank ukuze bathathe uhambo olusigxina lweendawo zeeNtshonalanga zeBhanki kubandakanya iNtlambo yooKumkani, iSigodi saseQueens kunye neDeir al-Bahri. Ukuba uziva ufanelekile, ukuqasha ibhayisikili yinto enye ethandwayo - kodwa qaphela ukuba indlela eya kwiNtlambo yooKumkani inamandla, inothuli kwaye ishushu. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukunyuka kwiNtlambo yeeKumkani ukusuka kuDeir al-Bahri okanye iDeir el-Medina, indlela efutshane kodwa enzima ebonisa imibono ephawulekayo ye-Theban landscape.
Mhlawumbi indlela elula kakhulu yokutyelela ingomnye weehambo ezingapheliyo ezipheleleyo okanye ezisiqingatha-tyelelo ezipapashwe eLuxor. I-Memphis Tours inikeza uhambo olude kakhulu lweeyure ezine ukuya kwiNtlambo yooKumkani, iCollossi yaseMemnon kunye neTempile yeHatshepsut, kunye namaxabiso kuquka ukuthuthwa kwemoya, isiqulatho se-Egyptologist esithetha isiNgesi, yonke imirhumo yakho yokungena kunye namanzi amabhodlela. I-Egypt Ukuhamba ngeeNgcebiso eziKhenketho zinika uhambo lweeyure ezisibhozo ezibandakanya zonke ezi ngasentla kunye nesidlo sasemini kwivenkile yokutya kunye nokutyelela okongezelelweyo kwiitempile zaseKarnak naseLuxor.
Ulwazi olusebenzayo
Qala ukutyelela kwakho kwiZiko leeTwendwe, apho umzekelo wentlambo kunye ne-movie ngokuphathelele ukutholakala kukaCarter engcwabeni likaTutankhamun unikezela ngolu hlobo lokulindeleka ngaphakathi kwamangcwaba ngokwabo. Kukho isithuthi esincinane sombane phakathi kweZiko leeKhenketho kunye namangcwaba, okukusindisa ukuhamba okutshisayo nokuthuliweyo ngokutshintshela imali ephantsi. Qaphela ukuba kukho umthunzi omncinane kwintlambo, kwaye amazinga okushisa anokutshisa (ikakhulukazi ehlobo). Qinisekisa ukuba ugqoke kakuhle kwaye uvelise ininzi yelanga kunye namanzi. Akukho ndawo yokuzisa ikhamera njengento yokufota ifoto ayivunyelwe ngokuthe ngqo - kodwa itotshi inokukunceda ukuba ubone okungcono ngaphakathi kwamangcwaba angavuliyo.
Amathikithi athengwa kwi-EGP engama-80 ngomntu ngamnye, ngexabiso lokuthengisela i-EGP ye-40 yabafundi. Oku kubandakanya ukungena emathuneni amathathu (nawaphi avulekileyo ngosuku). Uza kufuna ithikithi eyahlukileyo ukutyelela ingcwaba elivulekileyo lase-West Valley, i-KV23, eyayiyi-pharao Ay. Ngokufanayo, ingcwaba likaTutankhamun alifaki kwixabiso leThikithi rhoqo. Unokuthenga ithikithi engcwabeni lakhe kwi-100 EGP ngomntu, okanye i-EGP engama-50 ngomfundi. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, abaninzi abavakhenkethi abangama-5,000 bavakatye kwiNtlambo yooKumkani imihla ngemihla, kwaye imigca emide yayiyinxalenye yamava. Nangona kunjalo, ukungazinzi kwangoko kwiseYiputa kuye kwabona ukuhla kwamandla okukhenketho kunye namangcwaba mhlawumbi kungabininzi ngenxa yeziphumo.