Isikhokelo esibalulekileyo kwiiMpawu eziPhambili zeMandulo zaseYiputa

Ukuba uceba uhambo oluya eYiputa, yenza ixesha lokuhlola ubuninzi belizwe elidala. Impucuko yeYiputa yaseYiputa yahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwe-3 000, ngelixesha apho abalawuli balo babenza uphawu lwabo kwizikumkani zabo kunye noluhlu lweeprojekthi ezakha ngokukhawuleza. Abaqulunqi baseYiputa baseYiputa babephambili kakhulu kangangokuba namhlanje, ezininzi zezi zikhumbuzo zisaphila - ezinye zazo ziimeko ezihle kakhulu. Amawaka eminyaka, iipiramidi, iitempile kunye ne-sphinxes yama-pharaohs asele ayenze njengendlela yokungahambikiyo kwiindwendwe ezivela kwihlabathi lonke.

Eli nqaku lahlaziywa nguJessica Macdonald ngoDisemba wesi-2, 2016.

• 01 ngo-10

  Pyramids yaseGiza

  Efumaneka emaphethelweni aseCairo , iGiza iqukethe iinkqubo ezintathu ezihlukeneyo zepiramidi. Le yimiPiramidi enkulu yeKhufu , iPiramidi yeKhafre kunye nePiramidi ye-Menkaure. I-Great Pyramid yenye yeeNkqantosi ezisixhenxe zeLizwe laMandulo, kwaye yedwa kuphela emile namhlanje. Ngayinye idibanisa yakha ingcwaba loFaro waseGibithe eyahlukileyo, kwaye phambi kwabo i-Sphinx, enegama lesi-Arabhu eliguqulelwa ngokuthi "nguyise wesabisa". Okumangalisayo kukuba, lo mfanekiso ofana nekati uqoshiwe kwiqonga elinye lamatye. Iipiramidi zaseGiza kunye ne-Sphinx zakhiwa malunga neminyaka engama-4 500 edlulileyo kwikomkhulu lesine loBukumkani obudala baseYiputa. Kucingelwa ukuba iPiramidi yeKhufu yedwa ifuna abasebenzi abangama-20 000 kunye neebhiliyoni ezimbini zamatye.

• 02 ngo 10

  IHlk Complex Temple

  Kwixesha la mandulo, i-Complex Temple Complex yaziwa ngokuba "yindawo ekhethiweyo yeendawo", kwaye yazinikela kunqulo lukaKumkani wabo bonke oothixo, u-Amun-Ra. Ingxenye yedolophu yasendulo yaseThebes, ubunzima bwakhiwa malunga neminyaka eyi-1,500, ukususela ngexesha likaSenusret I ukuya kwiPtolemaic. Yona yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu yonqulo yamaTebhe yamandulo, kwaye namhlanje iindawo eziyincithakalo eziyinkqantosi zithatha indawo engaphezu kwama-240 iihektare. Iquka iitempile ezikhangayo, ii-chapel, ii-kiosks, i-pylons kunye ne-obelisks, zonke ezizinikele kwizithixo zikaTheban. Yona yinkalo yesibini eyona inkulu kunqulo lwangaphambili emhlabeni, ngelixa iHotpostyle Hall eThempileni Enkulu yase-Amun ithathwa njengenye yeyona ndlela eyona mhlaba ulungelelaniso lwezobugcisa.

• 03 ngo 10

  Ithempeli laseLuxor

  Ithempeli laseLuxor lihlala kwibhankuma yempuma yeNayile phakathi kweLuxor , isixeko esaziwa ngamaxesha mandulo njengoThebes. Ukwakhiwa kwaqalwa nguMbuso woBukumkani obutsha u-Amenophis III malunga ne-1392 BC, kwaye wagqitywa nguRamesses II. Itempile yayisetyenziselwa ukubhiyozela imikhosi kunye nemihango, kubandakanywa umthendeleko we-Theban wonyaka we-Opet. Ngethuba lo mthendeleko, izifanekiso zika-Amun-Ra, umfazi wakhe uMut kunye nomntwana wabo uKhonsu babethwa ngokusuka eKarnak baya eLuxor ngokubhiyozela umtshato nokuzala. Ithempeli laseLuxor laphila njengetempile phantsi kwamaGrike namaRoma, yayisisontweni, kwaye namhlanje umkhosi wamaSilamsi uhlala kwenye yeeholo zawo. Ithempeli laseLuxor lihle kakhulu ebusuku ukuze kulungele ukutyelela indawo ekuphumeni kwelanga.

• 04 we-10

  Ntlambo yo o kumkani

  Ukususela kwi-16 ukuya kwenkulungwane ye-11 BC, amaFarao aseYiputa ayishiya ingcamango yeepramamidi njengendawo yokungcwaba waza wagqiba ukubhiyozela emva kokufa e-Valley of Kings. Intlambo ikhangelene neLuxor kwintshona ye- Nayile yoMlambo . Apha, amaharahara ayemngcwaba aze angcwatyelwa emangcwaba aphantsi kunye neemfuyo zabo ezizithandayo kunye nezinto ezingcwele. Kule ndawo, ingcwaba likaTutankhamun mhlawumbi lidumileyo - kodwa ukuya kutsho, akukho mathuba angama-64 kunye namagumbi afunyenwe ngaphakathi kwintlambo. Intlambo yeQueens ilele ekupheleni kwe-necropolis, apho apho oomakhosikazi kunye nabantwana babo baxhamla khona. Amangcwaba amaninzi alapha apha, kubandakanywa nekazikazikazi kaRamesses IIkazikazi oyiNkosana uNefertari.

• 05 we-10

  Abu Simbel

  Efumaneka eningizimu yeYiputa, i-template ye-Abu Simbel yinkcubeko enye yezona zikhumbuzo zehlabathi zakudala. Iithempelesi zapakishwa ziqingqiweyo kwi-rock cliff ngexesha lolawulo lukaRamesses II. Kucingelwa ukuba zakhiwe ukugubha ukunqoba kwenkosi kumaHeti kwi-Battle of Kardesh. Ithempeli Elikhulu lingamamitha angama-30/30 ephakamileyo kwaye linemifanekiso emine ye-Ramesses ehlezi etroneni yakhe egqoke izithsaba zombini kunye ne-Epper Egypt. Ithempeli elincinane linikezelwa kumfazi kaRamesses, uNefertari. Emva kokuba idama lakwa-Aswan lakhiwe ngawo-1960, indawo yezinto zakudala yachithwa kwiibhloko ezinkulu, ezathi zatshintshwa enye enye ukuya phezulu kwaye zihlangene ukuze zikhusele umonakalo.

• 06 ngo 10

  Pyramid ye Djoser

  I-Pyramid ye-Djoser itholakala kwi-neqropolara ye-Saqqara ye-Ancient Memphis yaseYiputa. Yakhiwe kwi-27 ye-BC, yile ipiramidi eyaziwayo yokuqala, kwaye iindawo zayo eziba ngaphantsi zaba ngumzobo-mfanekiso we-sleeker, i-pyramid e-smooth-side kwiindawo ezifana neGiza. Yenzelwe ukubamba iinqaba zikaFaro Djoser ngumceli wakhe, u-Imhotep, owabeka phambili izinto ezininzi eziphambili. Kwimizuzu engama-204/63 iimitha kwakuyona isakhiwo esona siphezulu sithuba sawo, kwaye kucatshangelwa ukuba yile mizekelo yokuqala yezakhiwo zamatye. Ngenxa yokuphumelela kwakhe okukhulu, i-Imhotep yakudala idityaniswa njengonkulunkulu oyisityebi sabakhi kunye noogqirha. Ngelo xesha, iipiramidi yayiza kuhlanganiswa ne-calestone emhlophe.

• 07 ngo 10

  Indlu kaHorus e-Edfu

  Ithempeli likaHorus e-Edfu libhekwa njengelona lilondolozwe kakhulu kwiimboniso zamandulo zaseYiputa. Yakhiwa phakathi kwe-237 no-57 BC ngexesha lobukhosi bePtolema, kwaye ihlonipha unkulunkulu ongu-Horus. UHorus wazalisekisa iindima ezahlukileyo, kwaye waziwa ngokuba nguThixo wezulu kunye noothixo wokulwa nokuzingela. Izakhiwo zetempile zinkulu, kwaye zineploni ephawulekayo kunye nendlu yokuzalwa, kunye nemifanekiso ebonakalayo kunye neemifanekiso ezibonisa amabali ahlukeneyo kaHorus. Ubhaliso olubizwa ngokuba yizakhiwo zokwakha nazo zagcinwa kwaye zibalisa imbali yokwakhiwa kwetempile. I-Edfu itholakala malunga nehafu phakathi kwe-Aswan ne-Luxor, kwaye yinto eqhelekileyo yokuma kwii- Nile River .

• 08 ngo 10

  Ithempeli laseKom Ombo

  Ithempeli likaKom Ombo liyinto engavamile kuba itempile ephindwe kabini, eneemigangatho ezimbini ezilinganayo ezizinikezelwe kwiintlobo ezimbini zonthixo. Isiqingatha esinye sinikezelwa kuHorus oMdala, i-Tasenetnofret kunye nomntwana wabo kwi-Panebtawy. Esinye isiqingatha sinikezelwe kuSekbek, ingwenya yendalo kunye nokuzala, kunye nentsapho yakhe uHathor neKhonsu. Iitempile ziyamangalisa ngenye inxenye ngenxa yokulinganisa kwazo ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nangenxa yeendawo zazo ezintle zomlambo. Ukwakhiwa kwaqaliswa nguPtolemy VI Philometor ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-2 BC. Zombini iintempile zibonisa oothixo bazo kunye neentsapho zabo kwaye zakhiwa kusetyenziswa ilitye lendawo. Iithempelini zinikeza imizekelo emihle ye-hieroglyphs, iikholomu ezidwetshiwe kunye nezixhobo zokunceda.

• 09 we-10

  Ithempeli laseDendera

  Isakhiwo seDendera sakha enye yeetempileni zasendulo zaseYiputa ezigcinwe kakuhle, iThempeli likaHathor. UHathor wayengunkulunkulukazi wothando, umama kunye novuyo, odla ngokubonakalayo kwinkomo ene-sun disc. Ithempeli likaHathor lakhiwa ngexesha lobukhosi bePtolema, nangona kucatshangelwa ukuba iziseko zenziwe zibekwe ngexesha loBukumkani boBukumkani. Yinto enzima kakhulu, ehlanganisa ngaphezu kwee-430,500 iinyawo zenyawo / 40,000 metres square. I-Dendera Zodiac ivela kule ndawo, kwaye kukho imifanekiso emininzi kunye ne-reliefs, kuquka ukutyhilwa kweCleopatra kunye nendodana yakhe eKesarionon. Ithempeli lingasenyakatho yeLuxor kwaye ihlala iqela labo bawela uMlambo iNayile.

• 10 kwi-10

  Ithempeli laseIsis

  Ithempeli lika-Isis lakhiwa kwisiqithi saseFilae, apho ubuxoki bukaIsis bubuyela kwikhulu le-7 BC. Itempile yanamhlanje ibuyele ngo-370 BC, ngelixa izinto ezibalulekileyo ziqaliswe nguPtolemy II Philadelphus kwaye zongezwa kude kube ngumlawuli waseRoma u-Diocletian. Iindawo ezingcwele kunye nezindlu ezikufutshane neetempile eziqhelekileyo zigubungela oothixo ababandakanyekayo kwi-Isis no-Osiris inkolelo. UFilae wayengenye yeenkampu zokugqibela zenkolo yaseYiputa, esaphila kwiminyaka emibini emva kokuba ubukumkani baseRoma buguquke ebuKristwini. Unkulunkulukazi wobubele kunye nokuzala, u-Isis wayengumntu oqhambukayo onqulo lwakhe olusasazeka kulo lonke ubukumkani baseRoma nangaphezulu. Namhlanje, itempile iye yafudukela kwiSiqithi sase-Agilkia ukukhusela ukukhukhula.