Indlela ilizwekazi laseAfrika elinegama layo

Igama elithi "Afrika" liyinto ekhuselekileyo eyenza imifanekiso eyahlukeneyo kubantu abahlukeneyo. Kwabanye, yindlovu elinezinyovu zendlovu zemi phambi kweentaba ze-snow-capped zeNtaba yaseKilimanjaro ; kwabanye, kuyintlambo ephazamisayo kwi-Desert Desert. Kwakhona ligama elinamandla-othetha nge-adventure nokuhlola, urhwaphilizo kunye nentlupheko, inkululeko kunye nemfihlelo. Kubantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.2, igama elithi "Afrika" likwafana negama elithi "ikhaya" -ngokuba livela phi?

Akukho mntu uyazi ngokuqinisekileyo, kodwa kweli nqaku, sijonge kwiimbalwa ezimbalwa zeengcamango.

Inkolelo yamaRoma

Abanye bakholelwa ukuba igama elithi "Afrika" lavela kumaRoma, awathetha umhlaba awathathele ngaphesheya kweMeditera emva kwesizwe saseBergber esihlala kwindawo yaseCarthage (ngoku i-Tunisia namhlanje). Imithombo eyahlukeneyo yenza iinguqu ezahlukeneyo zegama lesizwe, kodwa eyaziwayo yiAfri. Kucingelwa ukuba amaRoma athiwa ngummandla weAfri-terra, okuthetha "umhlaba we-Afri". Kamva, le nto inokuba yenze isivumelwano kunye nokwenza igama elinye elithi "Afrika".

Ngaphandle koko, ezinye iimbali-mlando zibonisa ukuba isisombululo "-ica" singasetyenziselwa ukuthetha "umhlaba weAfri", ngendlela efanayo neCeltica (ummandla waseFransi wamhla) wabizwa ngokuba yiCeltae, okanye AmaCelt ahlala apho. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba igama lalingumRoma ngokuchazwa kwegama likaBelber indawo ababehlala kuyo.

Igama lesi-Berber elithi "ifri" lithetha umhume, kwaye unokubhekisela kwindawo yokuhlala emagumbini.

Zonke ezi ngcamango zithengiswa ngento yokuba igama elithi "Afrika" lisetyenziswe ukususela kumaxesha amaRoma, nangona ekuqaleni kuthethwa kuphela eNyakatho Afrika .

Inkolelo yaseFenike

Abanye bakholelwa ukuba igama elithi "Afrika" lithathwe kumazwi amabini aseFenike, "friqi" kunye ne "pharika".

Ukucinga ukuguqulela njengengqolowa kunye neziqhamo, ukucinga ukuba amaFenike amavuma iAfrika ngokuthi "umhlaba wezityalo neziqhamo". Le ngqungquthela yenza ingqiqo - emva kwayo yonke into, abaseFenike babengabantu basendulo abahlala kuloo mizi-mhlaba ngaselunxwemeni lweMpuma yeMeditera (esiyazi ngoku njengeSiriya, eLebhanon kunye ne-Israel). Babengabanqwelisi abathandekayo nabathengisi abakhulu, kwaye babeza kudlula ulwandle ukuze bathengise kunye nabamelwane babo baseYiputa. Umfula waseNile ovuthiweyo wawubizwa ngokuba yi-breadbasket ye-Afrika-indawo enexabiso elingaphezu kwesabelo sawo esincinci sesiqhamo kunye nengqolowa.

ITheory Weather

Ezinye iingcamango ezinxulumene nemozulu yelizwekazi. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba igama elithi "Afrika" liphuma kwigama lesiGrike elithi "aphrikē", eliguqulela ngokuthi "ilizwe elingenanto ebanda kunye neloyiko". Ngaphandle koko, kunokuthi uguquke igama lamaRoma elithi "aprica", elithetha ukuba ilanga; okanye igama laseFenike "elide", elithetha uthuli. Enyanisweni, imozulu yeAfrika ayikwazi ukuba lula ngokubanzi - emva koko, leli zwekazi linamazwe angama-54 kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezingafaniyo, ezivela kwiindawo ezinqabileyo ukuya emahlathini amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, iindwendwe zasendulo ezazivela eMeditera zihlala eNyakatho Afrika, apho imozulu ihlala ifudumala, ilanga kwaye inothuli.

I-Africaus Theory

Enye inkolelo ithi leli zwekazi labizwa ngokuba yiAfrika, inkosana yaseYemen eyahlasela iNtshona Afrika ngethuba elinesibini leminyaka ye-BC. Kuthiwa i-Afrika yasungula ukuhlala kwindawo yakhe eyayisandul 'ukutshatyalaliswa, eyayibizwa ngokuthi "Afrikyah". Mhlawumbi umnqweno wokungafi wawukhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi walela ukuba umhlaba wonke ubizwa ngokuba nguye. Nangona kunjalo, iziganeko eziye zisekelwe kule ngqungquthela ebudeni bexesha elidlulileyo ukuba inyaniso ngoku kunzima ukubonisa.

I-Geographical Theory

Le ngqungquthela ibonisa ukuba igama leli zwekazi livela nakwezinye iindawo, ezilethwe ngabathengisi baseIndiya yanamhlanje. KwiSanskrit kunye nesiHindi, igama elithi "Apara", okanye i-Afrika, liguqulela ngokoqobo njengendawo "ezayo emva". Kwimeko yommandla, oku kungachazwa njengendawo kwindawo entshona.

Iphondo le-Afrika liza kuba lizwe lokuqala elijongene nabaphandi abawela ngaphesheya ngaphaya kolwandle lwaseNdiya ukusuka eningizimu yeNdiya.