I-Faberge Egg History kunye neNkcubeko
Amaqanda aseFiterge ayingcamango yenkcubeko yaseRashiya kunye nembali eye yaxhamla ihlabathi, njengamadonki asekuhlaleni kunye nezinye izikhumbuzo zaseRashiya. Ukubonakalisa kwabo ubugcisa, ukubaluleka, kunye nokusabalalisa kwandisa imfihlelo kunye nokuthandana. Kodwa kutheni beyidalwe, yintoni ibali labo, kwaye bangaphi iindwendwe zaseRashiya ezibabonayo ngoku?
Ngaphambili kwiNkolelo
Amasiko aseMpuma Yurophu sele sele ebona ukubonakaliswa kwiqanda, kunye neqanda lePasika liye lamela iikholi zobuhedeni kunye neenkolelo zamaKristu ngeenkulungwane.
Abantu bangaphambi kobuKristu bahlobisa amaqanda basebenzisa idayi zendalo, kwaye namhlanje ilizwe ngalinye (kwaye eqinisweni, ummandla ngamnye) lunobuchule balo kunye neetekethi ezikhulile kwizizukulwana ezininzi zeentsapho ezihlobisa amaqanda ukuba zihloniphe unqulo lwawo, zikho izipho, ukudala inhlanhla kunye nezinto ezikhuselekileyo, uqikelele ikusasa, kwaye uphumelelane ngokukhuphisana. Izithethe zasePersias zaseParish nazo zibiza umnqweno kunye nokunika amaqanda kule holide ebalulekileyo.
Iimveliso zokuqala zeFiber
Kwakungaphandle kwesi siko esivamile esiqhelekileyo sokuba imbono yamaqanda eFiterge yazalwa. Ewe, iirekhodi zaseRashiya zaziwa ngenxa yeenkcitho zayo ezinzulu kunye nothando lwezinto zokunethezeka, kwaye ngoko amaqanda e-Easter ahloniphekileyo alawulayo kwakufuneka abe yinto efanelekileyo, eyabizayo kunye neveli. I- Russian tsar kunye nomlawuli uAlexandria III ngowokuqala ukuba uthumele i-egg ekhethekileyo ye-Easter ngo-1885, eyanikwa umfazi wayo. Le iqanda lalinguHen Egg, iqanda le-eamel elaliqulethe i-yolk eyayiqulethe inkukhu eneempahla ezihambayo.
Inkukhu yayineenkwenkwezi ezimbini ezongezelelweyo (isithsaba esincinci kunye ne-ruby pendant-ngoku ilahlekile).
Kwakuyi-workshop kaPetrick Carl Faberge eyenza le qanda, yokuqala kwi-50 eyayiza kulandela. I-Faberge kunye neengubo zakhe zokugcoba iingubo zenze iinguvo zabo eRashiya, kwaye isakhono somenzi wegolide kunye nesakhono somsebenzi wezentengiselwano samenza wakha amaqanda aqhubeka esenza ngathi namhlanje.
Ngelixa igolide kunye ne-enamel imihlobiso ekwakhekeni kwamaqanda ayenziwa ngamanzi ngamanye amaxesha abizwa ngokuthi amaqanda e-Faberge, owokuqala yayiyinto ekhethekileyo yobuciko eyenziwa ngabenzi beengcali.
Iiferge ze-Faberge njengeNkolelo
Inkukazi yeHen yayikhuthaza isithethe seTsar esinika isifuba sePasika kumfazi wayo. UPeter Carl Faberge wenzelwe amaqanda kunye nesimangalo esifanelekileyo. Iqela lakhe leengcweti ke laqhuba ukuveliswa kweqanda ngalinye, usebenzisa izitye ezinqwenelekayo, ii-enamelwork kunye namatye kuquka i-crystal yamacwecwe, i-ruby, i-jade, idayim kunye nezinye iigugu eziquka iiparele.
U-Alexander III wanikeza umfazi umama, uMaria Fedorovna, unyaka wonke de wafa ngaphambi kowe-1894. Emva koko, unyana wakhe, uNicholas II, wathabatha le nkcubeko waza wanika amaqanda amaFerge kunye nomfazi wakhe unyaka ngamnye, Ukuphazamiseka okufutshane kwimfazwe yaseRussia-Japanese, kude kube ngo-1916. Kwaye kwaqulunqwa amaqanda amabini ayenzela unyaka we-1917, kodwa lo nyaka uphawula ukuba ukuphela kobukhosi baseRussia kunye namaqanda awazange afinyelele abo bafunyenwe.
La maqanda awawuthandekanga nje kuphela, nangona ngokuqinisekileyo ayavuya emehlweni. Babesoloko bexhamla imicimbi yezinto ezibalulekileyo, ezifana ne-Coronation Egg ephawule ukunyuka kukaNicholas II kwisithsaba okanye i-Romanov Tercentenary Egg ebhiyozela iminyaka engama-300 yolawulo lweentsapho zaseRomanov.
Ngokusebenzisa ezi zakhiwo ezizodwa, inxalenye yembali yaseRashiya ichazwa ngamehlo yentsapho yasebukhosini.
UF Faberge wenza amaqanda e-Yurophu edumileyo kunye nobutyebi, nangona ngokuqinisekileyo oku akuko kunkulu njengalezo ezenzelwe intsapho yamaRashiya. Iworkshop yavelisa ezinye iingubo zemihlobiso yokuhlobisa iRomanovs kunye nozuko, iintsapho ezilawulayo, kunye nezityebi kunye namandla emhlabeni wonke, kubandakanywa izifoto ezifakwe kwiifayile, izixhobo ze-parasol, iisethi zeeesksi, iincwadi ezivulekileyo, iingubo ezinxibekileyo kunye neentyantyambo zeentyatyambo.
Ixesha laMaqanda
Iingxabano ze-1917 Russian Revolution, zombini ngenxa yokuphela kobukumkani kwaye ngenxa yokungazinzi kwezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko zolu hlanga, kufaka amaqanda aseFiterge-kunye nenxalenye enkulu yelifa lezobugcisa be-Russia. Ngexesha elithile kamva, phantsi kweStalin, iziqwenga eziphezulu zathengiswa ngokukhawuleza kubathengi abacebileyo.
Abaqokeleli njengeArmand Hammer kunye noMalcolm Forbes bagijimela ukuthenga ezi ziqingqiweyo zobugcisa bokuhlobisa. Abanye abantu baseMelika abadumile abanako ukufumana izandla zabo kwiingxoxo ze-Faberge ziquka uJP Morgan, Jr. kunye ne-Vanderbilts, kwaye ngoku kube yincinci yaba yinxalenye yamashishini abucala abucala. Umboniso we-1996-97 waseFamerge eMelika ubonakalise ezi zinto kwisiphaluka seemyuziyam ezininzi kulo lonke elaseUnited States, kuquka i-Metropolitan Museum of Art eNew York, iMyuziyamu yaseMigrari yezoBugcisa, kunye ne-Cleveland Museum of Art.
Nangona amaninzi amaqanda asekhona, ezinye zeemangalo zabo zilahlekile.
Indawo yeegg
Akunjalo onke amaqanda ashiya eRashiya, ezilungileyo kwiindwendwe ezifuna ukubona amaqanda kwindawo yazo. Amaqanda ayishumi afumaneka kwiMigodi ye-Armory ye- Kremlin , equle iindawo ezininzi zembali zaseburhulumenteni zaseRashiya, kuquka izithsaba, izihlalo zobukhosi kunye nezinye izinto ezinobuncwane. Amaqanda asemperial kwiqoqo leMveli yeMpahla yeMpahla iquka iMemori ye-blue ye-Azov Egg ye-1891; I-Bouquet of Lilies Clock Egg ye-1899; I-Egg yase-Trans-Siberian Egg ye-1900; I-Clover Leaf Egg ye-1902; I-Moscow Kremlin Egg ye-1906; I-Alexander Palace Egg ye-1908; I-Standart Yacht Egg ye-1909; I-Alexander III I-Equestrian Egg ye-1910; I-Romanov Tercentenary Egg ka-1913; kunye ne-Steel Military Egg ka-1916.
Imyuziyamu eyimfihlo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Faberge Museum eSt. Petersburg iqukethe iqoqo leqanda likaViktor Vekselburg. Ukongeza kwinqanaba lokuqala leHen eliqalile isithethe seqanda le-Faberge Easter, amaqanda angama-8 angabonwa kule nyuziyamu: i-Renaissance Egg ka-1894; I-Rosebud Egg ye-1895; I-Coronation Egg ka-1897; Iinduli ze-Valley Egg ye-1898; I-Cockerel Egg ye-1900; I-Anniversary Anniversary ye-Egg ka-1911; I-Tree Tree Egg ye-1911; kunye neNkundla yeSt George Egg ka-1916. Amaqanda angengomhlaba (iiqanda ezingenakwenziwa kwintsapho yasebukhosini yaseRussia) zibandakanya kwiqoqo le-Vekselburg zibandakanya amaqanda amabini awenziwe kumashishini wase-Alexander Kelch kunye namanye amaqanda awenzelwe abantu ngabanye.
Amanye amaqanda aseFergege ahlakazekile kwiimyuziyam kwiYurophu nakwi-United States.