I-Czars yayingumkhosi waseRashiya; Ba lawula kangangeminyaka engama-1917 eRussia Revolution. La madoda kunye nabasetyhini bafaka uphawu kummandla kunye nokuguqulwa kunye nokulwa, bezakhele izikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo zokwakhiwa okwangoku namhlanje, kwaye zizinto ezizolonwabo zokufunda. Iimfundiso zabo zibonelela ngokucacileyo ukuqonda iRashiya yanamhlanje.
Igama elithi "inkosi" livela kwisiLatini elithi "Caesar," lithetha umlawuli.
Nangona ulwimi lwaseRashiya lunalo igama elikumkani (korol), esi sihloko sisetyenziselwa amakhosi aseNtshona. Ngoko ke, "inkosi" inegama elithile elincinane kunokuba "ukumkani."
U-Ivan oyikrakra
U-Ivan u-Terrible wayeyiqhawe eliphakathi kunye nomdlali onqobayo wamaTatar, abanikezelayo bathuthuzela iYurophu kangangamakhulu eminyaka. Nangona abanye basebenzise isihloko senkosi phambi ko-Ivan the Terrible, wayengowokuqala ukunyulwa "nguKharne waseRashiya." Waba ngukumkani ukususela ngo-1533 ukuya ku-1584. Okwesabisayo ngaphezu kokuyikrakra, le nkosi ingumxholo weengcamango ezichazela igunya lakhe nokuvutha.
Abavakatyeleli baseRashiya bafumana ubungqina bokuba u-Ivan ulawulo olubuhlungu kwi-Red Square kunye neendonga zeKremlin. Enye yeempawu zaseRashiya, iSthedral yaseSt. Basil , yakhiwa ngu-Ivan the Terrible ukukhumbula ukuthunjwa kwakhe kweKazan kunye neAstrakhan, amabini aseTatar. Kwiindonga ze-Kremlin, i- Annunciation Cathedral ithwala uphawu luka-Ivan le-Terrible: Eli cawa lalinompheme okhethekileyo wongezwa ngokukhethekileyo kwikosi xa evinjelwe ukungena emva kokutshata nomfazi wesine.
Boris Godunov
UBoris Godunov uyaziwa njengenye ye-czars yaseRussia enkulu. Akazange ahlonishwe ngokuzalwa, kwaye ngoko ukuphakama kwakhe kwimo kunye namandla kubonakalisa iimpawu zakhe zobunkokeli kunye nesifiso sobuqili. U-Godunov waba ngukumkani njengo-regent emva kokufa kuka-Ivan oyi-Terrible ukususela ngo-1587 ukuya ku-1598 waza wanyulwa emva kokudlula unyana ka-Ivan nendlalifa; Wabusa ukususela ngo-1598 ukuya ku-1605.
Ilifa lomzimba likaThixounov liyabonakala kwi-Kremlin ka- Ivan e-Great Bell Tower . Wayelela ukuba ukuphakama kwayo kwandiswe kwaye akukho zakhiwo eziseMoscow eziza kunqumla. U-Godunov u-immortalized edlalwa ngu-Alexander Pushkin kunye ne-opera ngu-Modest Mussorgsky.
UPetros Omkhulu
Iinjongo zikaPeter the Great kunye nokuguqulwa kweenguqu zatshintsha ikhondo lembali yaseRashiya. Lo mbusi waseRashiya, owayengumlawuli welizwe lonke elaseRashiya ukususela ngo-1696 ukuya ku-1725, wabeka njengomsebenzi wakhe ngokusesikweni kunye nasentshonalanga yaseRashiya. Wakhela iSt. Petersburg ngaphandle kwe-swampland, wadala i-table of ranks kubasebenzi baseburhulumenteni, watshintsha ikhalenda yeRashiya, yamisa iRashiya ye-navy yandisa imida yaseRashiya.
Ubukhosi baseRashiya abukho, kodwa uPetros Omkhulu uhlala. Ukuba kwakungekho kuPyotr Velikiy, njengoko eyaziwa ngesiRashiya, isixeko esikhulu saseSt. Petersburg asiyi kuba khona. I-window "yaseWestern West" yaseRashiya yonyulwe ipropitali nguPeter Omkhulu, kwaye inkcubeko kunye noluntu lukhula apho, njengoko kwakunjalo kwisikhululo saseMoscow sokuqala saseMoscow.
Abavakatyeleli baseSt. Petersburg banokubona esinye sezidalwa zikaPetros ezinkulu, uPeterhof . Ubuhle balaba baseburhulumenteni nabani na kwiNtshona Yurophu. Iyakhangisa iindwendwe zeendwendwe zonke ihlobo ezimangalisa imithombo yazo yegolide kunye neendawo zangaphakathi ezizityebi.
Catherine Catherine
UCatherine Omkhulu ungomnye wabalawuli beRussia abadumileyo, kodwa wayengekho isiRashiya. Wazalelwa ePrussia, uCatherine watshabalalisa kwisizwe saseRussia waza wenza umlozo wokugumbuqela umyeni wakhe aze athathe ulawulo lolawulo lwaseRashiya. Ngethuba lolawulo lwakhe ukususela ngo-1762 ukuya ku-1796, wandisa ubukhosi waza wazama ukuqhubela phambili ukuvuselela iRashiya ngoko kuya kuthiwa yi-European power.
UCatherine wayedla ubomi obunomdla, kwaye udumo lwakhe lokuthatha izithandane lubuhlungu. Iintandokazi zakhe ezikhethiweyo ngamanye amaxesha zenza njengabacebisi bakhe, ngamanye amaxesha njengemidlalo yakhe yokudlala. Baye bahlawulelwa ngokukhululekile kwimibutho yabo kunye nabo baba ziindwendwe ngokwabo.
Enye yeempawu eziqhelekileyo zeCatherine kwi-Petersburge landscape umfanekiso weBronze Horseman . Ibonisa uPetros Omkhulu ehamba ngehashe kwaye yathatha intsha ngentsingiselo yeAlexander Pushkin yegama elifanayo.
UNicholas II
UNicholas II wayeyinkosi yokugqibela yaseRussia kunye nomlawuli. Inhloko yentsapho yaseRomanov, waba yinkosi ngowama-1894 waza wayicinga itrone ngo-Matshi 1917 phantsi koxinzelelo lwabantu baseBolsheviks, abaye banqothula urhulumente ngo-1917. Yena kunye nosapho lwakhe - umfazi wakhe, neentombi ezine kunye nendodana yakhe nendlalifa - bathunyelwa eYekaterinburg, apho babulawa ngoJulayi 1918.
UNicholas II wayaziwa njengomlawuli obuthathaka kunye nomntu owayekhwela ngetrone. Ukusasazeka kunye nokwanda kweengxabano phakathi kwabafundi bakhe ngaphambi kokubanjwa kwakhe kwamenza angathandwa. Umfazi wakhe, uAlexandra, inkosikazi yaseJamani kunye nomzukulwana weNdlovukazi yaseBrithani uVictoria, wayengathandwanga; wayedlulisa kakubi kwiRashiya kwaye wayeyixela lokuba wayeyi-spy eJamani. Xa uRasputin, oyingqungquthela, wayezimela kuNicholas no-Alexandra ngobomi bakhe, isibini sasebukhosini sabhekana nokugxeka.
Ukubulawa kukaNicholas II kunye nosapho lwakhe kwakubonisa ukuphela kobukhosi baseRussia. Ngokubambisana ne-Bolshevik Revolution, yaqalisa ixesha elitsha eRashiya, kumazwe asondele kunye nehlabathi.