I-Moscow Kremlin: Igalari yezithombe kunye neNkcukacha

01 ngo 13

Ukutyelela i-Moscow Kremlin, iRussia Famous Kremlin

I-Moscow Kremlin yiyona kremlin eyaziwayo kakhulu kulo lonke elaseRashiya. Imifanekiso ye-Kremlin ibonisa indawo ekhuselekileyo enqabileyo enqabileyo, ephethe ama-cathedrals, iigodlo, izakhiwo zikaburhulumenteni kunye nezinye izinto ezimangalisayo ezidlulileyo.

I-Kremlin, njengamakhulu eminyaka adlulileyo, yinkonzo karhulumente waseRashiya. Kodwa yintliziyo yembali yaseMoscow kunye neyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo zokuvakatyelela. Ukutyelela i-Kremlin kufuneka ibe yintlu nganye yezinto ezihambayo eMoscow. Kulapho, unokuhlola indawo ye-Kremlin, uthathe iifoto, ubukele i-cathedral yangaphakathi, kwaye umangaliswe yimithombo yamanyuzi.

Nangona ungeke ukwazi ukwenza iKremlin ngokwakho ukuba ujonge izakhiwo zayo zembali, unokonwaba kakhulu kwizinto ezenziwa yiKremlin ngokuhamba kwetoto. Imifanekiso ibonisa izakhiwo ezifumaneka kwi-Kremlin, kwaye iinkcazo ezilandelayo zixelela ukuba kutheni zibalulekile.

02 ngo 13

Towers kunye neNdlunkulu yaseGrand Kremlin

INdlunkulu yaseGrand Kremlin, efanekiselwa phakathi kweendonga ezithombeni esezantsi, yayisesikhundleni esisemthethweni saseMoscow seentrasi zaseRashiya. Eyakhiwe phakathi kwekhulu le-19, ithathe indawo yebhotwe esendaweni enye. Ulwakhiwo lwayo lwakwenza indawo yokubandakanywa kweendonga zele zikhoyo: i-Palace yeeFebhethi, iThala Palace, kunye neKhotyana yeGolden yeTsarina. Ngoku sele isetyenziselwa imikhosi kunye nokwamkelwa kombuso obalulekileyo.

Icandelo elisandul 'ukwakhiwa kwinqaba yaseGrand Kremlin ijonge uMlambo waseMoscow kwaye kubonakala ngathi iindawo ezintathu, nangona umgangatho ophezulu ngokwenene uphantsi kwamabali amabini. Iindwendwe zokufumana iindawo zangaphakathi zebhotwe, kunye namagumbana abo ayenjalo ama-tsars, afana nesifundo, igumbi lokudweba, kunye negumbi lokudlela.

Ukusuka kude, unokubona iinqaba kunye neendonga zeMoscow Kremlin. Kulo mfanekiso, iNtloko yaseKrith Kremlin nayo ibonakala ngaphezu kwemithi. I-Kremlin inemibhobho e-19 kuyo yonke (kunye nentonga ye-20 eyintonga ejikelezayo kwibhulorho). Udonga olusebenza phakathi kwabo lujikeleze izakhiwo zaseKremlin.

03 ngo 13

Spasskaya Tower of Moscow Kremlin

I-Spasskaya Tower ye-Kremlin ineenkcukacha ezininzi ezinomdla. Eyakhelwe ngo-1491 ngumqambi waseNtaliyane, isango likhonza njenge-Kremlin "yokungena okusemqoka" ukusuka kwi-Red Square - oku sele isetyenziselwa ukuqhutyelwa kwemigangatho.

Imithombo eyahlukileyo xa iwashi yaseKremlin ibonakala kuqala kwi-Spasskaya Tower, kwaye ithathe indawo yamaninzi ngamaxesha eminyaka. Iwashi oyibonayo namhlanje kwinqaba ifakwe phakathi kwekhulu le-19.

Inkwenkwezi ngaphezulu kweSpaskaya Tower iyongezwa entsha - iiSoviets zongeze ngekhulu lama-20.

04 we-13

IKhedralral of the Dormition, eMoscow Kremlin

I-Cathedral ye-Dormition, ngamanye amaxesha iguqulelwe "kwiCathhedral of the Assumption," yenye yezona ziqwenga zakhiwo ezinkulu kwiKremlin's Cathedral Square. Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-15 leminyaka, kwaye ukususela ngelo xesha, iCathhedral of the Dormition iye yahlala njengecawa ebaluleke kakhulu eRashiya. I-Dormity Cathedral ibone ukulungiswa kweentlars kunye nemitshato yasebukhosini kwaye ibe yindawo yokuhlala eMetropolitan yaseMoscow.

Ingaphakathi le krisare ebalulekileyo ihlotshiswe ngamafrescoe amahle, kwaye ezinye zeempawu zaseRashiya ezixabisekileyo zenziwe ngokukodwa kwi-cathedral. INdombikazi eNgcwele yeVladimir yekhulu le-11 okanye ye-12 ibonakaliswe apha ngexesha elinye, nangona ngoku ikhuselwe kwiIgalari yeTrtyakov.

Isihlalo sobukhosi saseMonomachus, esithunywe ngu-Ivan the Terrible ngekhulu le-16, sibonakala apha.

05 we-13

I-Annunciation Cathedral, eMoscow iKremlin

I-Annunciation Cathedral yabamba iinkonzo zasebukhosini zase-Russian Orthodox zaseburhulumenteni. Yayihlanganiswe namagumbi okomntu we-tsar. I-facade ebonakalayo kunye neendlu zegolide ze-cathedral zenza into ebalulekileyo kwiCathedral Square.

U-Ivan u-Terrible wayenokwakhiwa kabusha kwecawa ukuba ithathe indawo yecawa yangaphambili eyayimi kwindawo enye. Emva kokutshata nomfazi wakhe wesine waza wathintelwa ukuba aye kwiinkonzo ngenxa yemithetho ye-Orthodoxy yaseRussia, wema emaphandleni okwakhiwa kwakhona kunye nokwakhiwa kwecawa entsha. Unokuyibona ngakwesobunxele balo mfanekiso, ngezitepsi ezikhokelela kwilabhantshi ekhuniweyo.

Iimpawu ngabanye abaphambili abathandwayo bezonkcenkceshelo zeekhonkco zabamnene phakathi kweCathralral yaseAn Annunciation. UAndrei Rublev, iTheophanes isiGrike, kunye neProkhor yaseGoododets yaba negalelo ekuhloliseni le ntente yabucala.

06 we-13

I-Cathedral yeNtloko enkulu, i-Moscow Kremlin

I-Cathedral ye-Archangel ibonisa ezinye zezinto zokwakha zaseItaliyane, njengeefom ze-shelllike ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwe-arcade ngqo phantsi kwephahla lolawulo. Nangona kunjalo, ingaphakathi libonisa ubugcisa obubalulekileyo kwimbali yaseRashiya - iifayile zeziphathamandla zithela iindonga, kwaye uphawu lweMngelo omkhulu uMichael lujikelezwe ngamangqina ovela kuyo.

I-Cathedral yeSithunywa sezulu e-Kremlin ixutywe ngamangcwaba abalawuli baseRashiya abafileyo. Ababhenkethi baya kuphawula indawo ekhethekileyo enikezelwe ku-Ivan, unyana kaTyrible, ogama lingu-Ivan. U-Ivan udume ngokubulala unyana wakhe ngexesha lokuphikisana. Umbono ka-Ivan u-Terrible ukothuswe ngokubulala kwakhe unyana uchazwe kwipayili eyaziwa yi-Ilya Repin.

07 we-13

Ivan i-Great Bell Tower, i-Moscow Kremlin

Kwiminyaka engama-600, intsimbi yebell isoloko isekwe kwisiza se-Ivan i-Great Bell Tower. UBoris Gudonov wayala ukuba iphakanyiswe ukuze ibe sisakhiwo esona side kunazo zonke eMoscow. Kuze kubekho ikhulu le-19, akukho zakhiwo eMoscow zavunyelwa ukuba zide kunokuba i-Ivan i-Great Bell Tower.

Inqaba yayisetyenziselwa zombini njengentonga yokulinda kunye nensimbi yentsimbi. Iibhenti ezingamashumi amabini nanye zisiwe kwi-bell tower kwaye ubuncinane ubuncinane beentsimbi ezimbini zeentsimbi ezifunekayo ukusetha iintsimbi.

Ivan i-Great Bell Bell yayisakhiwo esisodwa esibonakaliswe ukutshatyalaliswa yiNapoleon, kodwa ukuzama kwakhe ukukrazula insimbi yentsimbi kwakungaphumeleli. Ngaloo ndlela, intsimbi yebell iphinde ifinyelele imeko njengophawu lokusinda phantsi koxinzelelo. Isakhiwo esinqununu sisinye sezinto ezidumeleyo zeKremlin. Bobabini i-Tsar Cannon kunye neTsar Bell zifumaneka kufuphi.

08 ka 13

Tsar Bell, Moscow Kremlin

I-Tsar Bell ngumzamo onyanisekileyo wobunjineli ohambileyo. Ukuphosa emgodini emhlabathini ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, isinyithi seTsar Bell yaxutywa ngamanzi xa abasebenzi becima umlilo osondeleyo. Oku kwabangela ukuba intsimbi ibhidle, inganikezeli nto. I-shard yensimbi ephuka kwi-bell eyinhloko ibinzima ngaphezu kweetoni eziyi-11 yedwa.

I-Tsar Bell isaboniswa ngaphandle kwe-Ivan ye-Great Bell Tower. Jonga kwi-gap (engabonakaliyo kule sithombe) ukujonga i-clapper enkulu eyenzelwe i-Tsar Bell, kwaye uphonsa ngqekembe ngenzuzo enhle.

09 we-13

Iicawa zeCathedral kunye neTerem Palace Churches

Iintlanganiso zeTerem Palace kunye neKapa yaseMntla uMsindisi ngoku iyingxenye yo kuhlala kaMongameli waseRashiya. Ngoko ke avulekanga kuluntu. Ngaphambili, basebenzisa amalungu omndeni we-tsar-tsarina (ukumkanikazi) kunye ne-tsarevna (intombi ye-tsar okanye ikosikazi).

Ngethuba lokutyelela nge-Moscow Kremlin, i-cupolas yeecawa iphuma kunye neendlu zabo ezinqabileyo, zegolide kunye neendonga ezinemibala abahlala kuzo.

10 we-13

ISakhiwo seSenate, iMoscow Kremlin

Ngoxa i-Senate Building, isakhiwo seNeclassical ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, esetyenziselwa ukubeka urhulumente ngekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo, ngoku ihlala nguMongameli waseRashiya. Ingaphakathi liye lahlaziywa ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa ingaphandle igcina isakhiwo sayo sokuqala.

ULenin waphinde waqhubeka nokufunda kwisakhiwo seSenate.

11 we-13

Tsar Cannon, eMoscow Kremlin

I-Tsar Cannon, eyakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-16, ngokwenene nje yinto eqhelekileyo yokuhlobisa efuna ukuyibeka. Iibhola ze-canon zangomhla zikhulu kakhulu ukuba zingene kwifampu ye-cannon. Ngokuhambisana negama layo elihle, lihlotshiswe ngokukhawuleza ngemisongo kunye ne-reliefs eguqula lo mshini wemikhosi ibe ngumsebenzi wobugcisa. Iqela elidlulileyo leminyaka liye labona imifanekiso eshicilelweyo yabameli baseMelika nabaseRashiya bexhaphaza izandla phambi kweTsar Cannon.

Okuthakazelisayo, i-cannon iyinqununu yokusebenza. Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba uphunyezwe ubuncinane kanye, nangona kunjalo kunye neebhonksi zeebhola zenziwe ukuba zilungele umgqomo wayo.

12 we-13

INdlu yeeFebhu

I-Palace ye-Facets yayisetyenzisiwe njengentlanganiso kunye neholo lokumkela ama-tsars kunye neendwendwe zabo ezibalulekileyo. Ekuqaleni eyakhiwa ngabayili be-Italy, ngoku idibaniswe kwiNdlunkulu yaseGrand Kremlin.

I-Porch ebomvu, ibonwa ngakwesobunxele balo mfanekiso (kwaye ingabomvu namhlanje), ijikelezwe ngumlingo. Le nqanaba yayisetyenziselwa indlela yokubeka isithsaba kwiCatedralral of the Dormition. Ingqungquthela egxekayo ichaza indlela iintlobo zikaPetros ezinkulu zaphoswa ngayo phantsi kwezitepsi, apho ipikemen yayilinde khona ukuze ibenzise ukuphela kwayo.

I-Porch ebomvu yayingaguqulelwa kwiintsuku ze-olden ukuya kwi "porch ehle." (Funda ngokubomvu kwenkcubeko yaseRashiya .) Nangona yachithwa ngama-1930 ngo-Stalin, i-Porch Red yayikwakhiwa kwakhona ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kunye nokuxhamla kwimbali yaseRussia kunye nembali ye-Kremlin.

13 we-13

Icawa yabaPostile abalishumi elinesibini kunye neNkulumbuso yasePostius, eKremlin

Icawa yabaPawulos abalishumi elinesibini kunye neNkulumba yeMatrari yeyona ndlu yayiyeyona yakutshanje ekwakhiwa kwiCathedral Square kwaye ayizange yakhiwe de kube yikhulu le-17. Akukho ntlawulo egcinwe ukwenzela ukukholisa inzalamilo yelo xesha. Apha, unzalamizi wathabatha izikhulu ezihambeleyo.

Icawa yabaPawulos abalishumi elinesibini yayiyi-chapel.