I-Agincourt iMfazwe kunye neMyuziyam

01 ka 03

I-Battle of Agincourt - Inkolelo neNyaniso

I-Battle of Agincourt, elwa ngo-Oktobha 25, 1415, iye yehla kwimbali njengenye yezinto eziphumeleleyo zokuphumelela isiNgesi ngaphezu kweFrentshi. Kwaphela kuphela iiyure ezingama-6 kodwa kuye kwaba neengcamango neengcamango. Uninzi lwale, ngenxa yesiNgesi ubuncinane, buya kuhlonipha uShakespeare odlala uHenry V uyinkolelo ezukileyo yobukroti kunye nokukhwabanisa kwamaFrentshi kunye nesiNgesi, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo iNgesi ifikeleleke njengento enamandla kwaye inamandla kakhulu.

Ingaba inyaniso yinyani, amabinzana amaninzi kunye namazwi avela kuloo mdlalo adluliselwe ekusebenziseni okuqhelekileyo. Ukulwa nokulwa, uHenry uphupha emkhosini wakhe nge:

Kamva kwakhona kulwaphulo, bahlobo abathandekayo, kwakhona;
Okanye uvale udonga phezulu kunye nesiNgesi esifile

Kwaye kuthiwa: ' Amadoda amadala akulibale ', okanye adume ngakumbi:

' Singabantu abambalwa, sinovuyo bambalwa, siza kubazalwana baqhubekayo

' Kuba namhlanje uhlamba igazi lakhe kunye nam
Uya kuba mntakwethu; ukuba akabi kakhulu,
Le mini iya kuthoba imeko yakhe;
Kwaye ninobubele eNgilani ngoku i-bed bed
Bayazicingela bona baqalekiswe bengabikho apha,
Futhi ubambe ubuncwane babo bunzima xa kukho nawuphi na othethayo
Olwa nathi ngosuku lukaScott Crispin .

Kwaye abaninzi bethu bayazi le midlalo yeefilimu ezimbini, kunye noLaurence Olivier njengomlawuli kunye noHenry V kunye nohlobo olutshanje kunye noKenneth Branagh njengenkosi yaseNgilani encinane.

Yiyiphi Ibali Elikhulu

Iimyuziyamu ijoliswe kwiintsapho kwaye inika ingqiqo efanelekileyo yobomi bamajoni. Kodwa yavulwa iminyaka eyi-15 edlulileyo kwaye ezinye zezinto kwiividiyo ozibonayo ziyimpumelelo kwizinto ezilungileyo kunye ezicacileyo kwizinto ezibi kakhulu. Ayigcini ukunandipha kwakho, kodwa ilandela inguqu enkulu yembali. Nantsi inguqulelo yamhlanje kunye neengcamango ezimbalwa.

Ingxenye yeMfazwe eyiMinyaka eyiMinyaka ebonakalayo engapheliyo phakathi kweNgesi kunye nesiFrentshi (1337 ukuya ku-1453), le mpikiswano ethile yenzeke xa uKumkani waseFrance, uCharles VI, owaziwa njengoCharles the Mad, engamele ilizwe elibuthathaka nelihlukileyo. Amasebe amabini oonyana basebukhosini, i-Armagnacs eyayixhasa uMlawuli oyiKumkani, kunye namaBulgundi avukelekileyo, ayelokhu elwa kusukela ngo-1407 kwimpumelelo yomfazwe.

INkosi yaseYingles yaseLancastrian yaseLancastrian, uHenry V V, isetyenzisiwe ngesiNgesi ngo-Agasti 1, 1415. Yaya kumajoni angama-12 000 kwaye yayingqinga ngeHarleur. Inkolelo yabakhokelela inani elininzi lamadoda; malunga nama-9,000 amaNgesi ahamba ngeentlanga ukuze ahlangabezane nomkhosi waseFransi e-Agincourt ngomhla wama-25 Oktobha. AmaFrentshi abala abantu abangaphezu kwama-12 000 amadoda kangangokuba amanani ayengabanjwanga kakhulu kwiNgesi njengezibango ezidumile.

Ukwahluke phakathi kwemikhosi emibini kwindlela yokulwa nayo kunye nenkokeli yemikhosi. Amaqela aseFransi ahlukileyo aholwa, kungekhona ngethuba lokumkani ongenangqiqo, kodwa nguConstable of France, uCharles d'Albret kunye namalungu athile eentsapho zeArmagnac. Umkhosi waseNgesi, owawusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo, waholwa ngumntu onobuqili, onobuqili-ukumkani.

Izicwangciso zeentlanga ezimbini zazihluke kakhulu. KuFrentshi, le nto yayilwa imfazwe kwimigangatho ye-chivalric, kunye namahhashi abandakanyekayo. Amahhorho amakhulu eemfazwe kwakufuneka athathe iinqununu zabo zokulwa nezixhobo, amaqabane kunye nokubala ekulweni. Kodwa isiNgesi sasifumene kwiimfazwe zikaCrecy nePoitiers ukuba zihlasele iinqwelo zokulwa, ngelixa zisenokubangela ukwesaba kwiintliziyo zeentshaba, zazingabonakaliyo, kwaye zithinteka. Amadoda-kwizandla ayebaluleka ngokulinganayo kwiFrentshi kwaye le ngcamango yayikulwa neqhosha eliqingqiweyo. Ekugqibeleni insimu yayidaka, ayikufanelekanga kumahashe anzima kunye neenqwelo zokulwa.

Indlela yeNgesi yayihluke kakhulu. Phantse i-20% yempi yaseFransi yenziwe ngabaculi ngokumalunga ne-80% yeNgesi. Abaninzi bee-7,000 zesiNgesi abaxhamli bezilwanyana ezazikhulile zifunda indlela yokwenza, ingalo, ukutsala kunye nokucima umlilo ama-longbows ezenziwe ngesiNgesi yew. Abaphengululi baseFransi babethwala ngokugqithisileyo - izixhobo eziqingqiweyo eziye zaphuhliswa ukulwa nomkhohlisi kwiiNkqubela, kungekhona ukulwa namanye amaKristu. Umnqamlezo ungase ube namandla, kodwa ngexesha elifunekayo ukulayisha, umoya kunye nomlilo u-crossbow, abaculi baseNgilandi bangathumela phakathi kwe-7 ukuya kwe-10 imicu ngomzuzu ukuze bawale phantsi kwabachasi babo.

AmaFrentshi anamahhashi abo eyokuqala, kunye nabaculi babo kwi-3 ^rd . Xa imfazwe yaqala ngo-10: 00, isiNgesi saqala ukuhlaselwa kwamaphiko. Amahhashi aseFransi awa, amahashe ajikeleza, amaqhawe angakwazi ukuvuka emhlabathini. Nawaphi na ama-knights aphakamileyo awangena kumgama oqhelekileyo weNgesi ejongene nezibonda ezibukhali zanyanyiswa kwihlabathi elithambileyo elithetha ukuba umgca wesibini kunye nowesithathu waseFransi kwakufuneka ugubungele kule ngqungquthela yokufa ukuze afike kwisiNgesi.

IsiNgesi asizange, njengoko isithandwa sesiFulentshi esinalo, sinetyhefu zazo; Bawabeka emhlabathini phambi kwabo ukuze bakwazi ukuwutshisa ngomlilo ngomnye, ngokungezelelwe bonge ukungcola kwintsholongwane emanxebeni abawachaphazelayo.

Ukulwa kwaqhubeka kwada ngo-4pm. Abathathakayo kwicala laseFransi babengama-3 000 ukuya kuma-4 000 kunye nama-400 ahloniphekileyo amaFrentshi abulawa. Iingxowankulu zesiNgesi ziqikelelwa ukuba ziphakathi kwama-600 no-1,000. AmaFrentshi alahlekelwa malunga nama-400 ahloniphekileyo, isiNgesi nje esincinane, kuquka iDuke waseYork owayesindise umntakwabo, uHenry V, evela kwiDuke d'Alencon.

Abaqhubi beWestern-Welsh

NdiseBrecon eWales kwi- Brecon Beacons National Park ndaza ndaya kwi-cathedral encinci. Abahlaseli baseWelsh babesinye sezona zinto zilungileyo kwaye baninzi bevela eBrecon apho kukho ilitye elisetyenziswe ngabantu ukuba bahlaziye iintolo zabo ngelo xesha.

• I-Agincourt ingaba yinxalenye enkulu yekhefu elifutshane eli-3 ukusuka kwi-UK okanye eParis.

02 ka 03

Imyuziyam yaseAgincourt, i-Agincourt ibutho lemfazwe kunye namaGendarme

Iimyuziyam zidibanisa iimiboniso malunga neesiNgesi kunye nesiFrentshi, kunye namagama abathinteli abakhulu abonakaliswe kwiindonga njengoko uhamba ngayo, kunye nemifanekiso yabo, iingubo zengalo kunye neengweletshetshe. Utshintshelwa kubafundi bexesha elibekwe kwimeko.

Umboniso obalaseleyo kumyuziyam uyimodeli enkulu yemfazwe . Imizobo emincinci, iboniswe kakuhle kwaye ichaneke ngokuchanekileyo kwimibono efanelekileyo, bonisa iintlobo zemikhosi ekupheleni kwemfazwe - isiNgesi kwindawo ephakamileyo kwaye ikhuselwe yimithi kwiintlobo zombini; AmaFrentshi asasazeka kuyo yonke inkazimulo ebalabala ngaphesheya.

Icandelo elilandelayo liqukethe imibukiso emithathu yomsindo, ukuqala ngamanani amabini, uHenry V kunye nomlawuli waseFransi, enikela iingcamango zabo kwixesha lokulwa. Iyesithathu igumbi elichaza encinci malunga nelo qoko ngokwalo, nangona akusoloko lichanekile.

Yiya phezulu phezulu kwinqanaba elincomekayo kwiintsapho kunye nokugxila kwizixhobo, iingalo kunye neentonga zamajoni. Uyakwazi ukubona isixhobo esisebenzisiweyo, sithatha (zixakeke kakhulu kwaye zingabonakaliyo), fumana ukuba unamandla angakanani ofuna ukutsala umtya we-longbow kunye nokunye.

AmaGendarmes kunye neMfazwe yaseAgincourt

Enye into engavamile yokugcizelela kulo nyaka we-600 weminyaka yonyaka, yimbali ye-gendarmerie. Uza kufumana amajunjethi kwiifom eqaqambileyo eziluhlaza kunye neengubo ukuba uhamba ngeFransi; ngaba yizo ezipolisa iindlela kunye neendawo zasemaphandleni. Kodwa ke, ngokumangalisayo, isebe lomkhosi kwaye kungekhona iphoyisa lombutho.

I-gendarmery yaqala njengengqungquthela yasebukhosini, iMaréchaussée de France , ekuqaleni yayijoliswe njengamapolisa asekuhlaleni, igcina amasosha ekukhangela kwaye ibenqabela ukuphanga emva kweemfazwe.

Balwa ekulweni kwe-Agincourt phantsi komlawuli wabo, i-Prévôt des Maréchaux (iProst of the marshals), iGallois de Fougières. Kwiminyaka engama-60 ubudala xa elwa waza wafa e-Agincourt, wayesekhaya lakhe laseBerry kwi-Crusade ngo-1396, wabuyela e-Itali ngo-1410. Kucingwa ukuba igosa lokuqala labulawa ekulwa, kwafunyanwa isifuba esontweni elisondeleyo lase-Auchy -lès-Hesdin kunye nezinye iikhontsi zexesha kuquka i-Admiral of France. Amathambo akhe athatyathwa eVersailles waza wangcwatyelwa phantsi kwesikhumbuzo kwi-gendarmerie eVersailles.

Imfazwe ye-Agincourt

Namhlanje kukho iimihlaba ezalinywa apho iminyaka engama-600 eyadlulayo ama-knights aseFransi ahlawuliswa kwaye i-longbowmen yesiNgesi ikhupha iintolo ezibulalayo. Iziko liya kukunika imephu ukuqhuba malunga neembono ezihlukeneyo kodwa kuthatha umdlalo omkhulu weengcamango zokugubungela indawo.

Kukho ingcwaba elincinci kwindawo esondeleyo imfazwe yayinamawaka amabini, amaninzi awo ahlanjululwe ngokuzeleyo ngabasimili basekuhlaleni emva kokulwa, bangcwaba. Kodwa i-museum kunye nabasemagunyeni bendawo bayesaba ukuba xa bekhulula indawo echanekileyo, indawo iya kuphakanyiswa ngabaphandi abanomdla abanokufumanisa isinyithi. Ngoko ngoku, abafileyo bahlala bexolo emhlabeni.

Kodwa njengazo zonke iindawo, kukho ukuvakalelwa okuthile kwi-landscape; ngoluvo lokuba into ebalulekileyo yenzeke kule ndawo yasemaphandleni yaseFransi.

03 ka 03

Imyuziyam yase-Agincourt, Iindawo ezinika umdla kunye neeRhotele

I-Historical Medieval
24 rue Charles VI
62310 iAzincourt
Inombolo: 00 33 (0) 3 21 47 27 53
Iwebhusayithi

Vula ngomhla ka-Apr-Oktoba ngo-10 ngomhla ka-6pm
NgoNovemba-Matshi imihla ngemihla ngaphandle kweLwesibili ngo-10 ngomzuzu we-5 ukuya ku-5

Ukwamkelwa kwabantu abadala 7.50 zama-euro; 5 ukuya kwe-16 iminyaka eyi-5; Intlawulo yentsapho (2 abadala + 2 abantwana) i-euro ezingama-20.

Kukho izicwangciso ezinkulu zokubuyisela kwakhona i-museum kunye nexesha eliqikelelweyo lokuvala ngo-Oktobha 2016 nokuvula kwakhona entwasahlobo ka-2017.

IMfazwe Yehlabathi I e-Nord-Pas de Calais

• Ukutyelelwa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi Iimfazwe zemfazwe kunye nezikhumbuzo eMntla weFransi
• ISikhumbuzo seWilfred Owen kwi-Ors, North France
• Iqonga leWellington eArras

Ukuya eFransi ngeFerry

Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe xaxa malunga nokuya eYurophu, khangela i-article yangu kwiFeriya yase-UK .