Ngenkcubeko yesiRashiya , amagama ayingxaki enkulu. Kwaye, ngoko, lukhulu. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga neefowuni, kunokukunceda ukufunda indlela abantu baseRussia abadla ngokubabiza ngayo abantwana babo kwiminyaka yanamhlanje.
Iingqungquthela zesiRashiya
Uninzi lwabantu baseRashiya banamagama amathathu: igama lokuqala, igama lomntu, kunye neferensi. Igama lokuqala negama (igama lokugqibela) lichaza. Ezi zifana nezithethe zenkcubeko zakwaMelika.
Ukwahlula kukuba esikhundleni segama eliphakathi , umntwana ufumana igama elibhekisela kwigama likayise okanye igama lakhe "eliphakathi".
Khangela igama elipheleleyo lomlobi odumile waseRashiya uLeon Tolstoy owabhala "iMfazwe noxolo": Igama lakhe elipheleleyo nguLevi Nikolayevich Tolstoy. Igama lakhe lokuqala nguLevi. Igama lakhe eliphakathi (ngu-Nikolayevich). Kwaye igama lakhe lokugqibela laliyiTolstoy. Igama likayise lalinguNikolai, ngoko ke igama eliphakathi likaNikolayevhich.
Amanxeki
Izina lomnxeba waseRussia, okanye i-diminutives, zifana nje neefom mfutshane zegama elibiziweyo. Ngokuchasene neefom ezipheleleyo ezisetyenziselwa kwiimeko ezisemthethweni, iifom ezimfutshane zegama zisetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana phakathi kwabantu abajwayelene nabo, ngokuqhelekileyo izihlobo, abahlobo kunye nabalingane. Amafomfutshane afumaneka ngolwimi oluthethiweyo ukuze kube lula njengoko uninzi lwamagama asemthethweni alunzima.
"U-Sasha" udla ngokuba ngumntu ogama lakhe linguAlexandro (owesilisa) okanye uAlexandra (insikazi).
Ngoxa i-nickname eyisiseko efana ne "Sasha" ayinakubonakalisa nantoni na ngaphandle koqhelwano, ezinye iindawo ezincinci zingasetyenziswa ngendlela enothando. U-Alexandra unokuthiwa ngu "Sashenka," oku kuthetha "uSasha omncinci," ngabazali bakhe.
Njengomzekelo wangaphambili, ngokuphathelele uLoan Tolstoy, iifom zezantsi zegama lakhe zingaba "Leva", "Lyova," okanye ngokungaqhelekanga, "uLyovushka," elinegama elincinci lomdla.
U-Tolstoy wayebizwa ngokuba nguLeyi ngesiNgesi izibongo ngenxa yokuguqulelwa kwegama lakhe lesiRashiya kwisiNgesi. Kwi-Russian Lev, ithetha "ingonyama." NgesiNgesi, ukuguqulelwa ku-Leo kwakwamkelekile kumbhali xa evuma imibhalo yakhe yesandla ukupapashwa kwabaphulaphuli besiNgesi ukususela ngo-Leo iqondwa ngesiNgesi njengokuthi "ingonyama."
Umzekelo weeNameli zegama lomfazi "Maria"
UMaria igama eliqhelekileyo lesiRashiya. Khangela ngeendlela ezininzi ozivelayo okanye ubone igama lisetyenzisiweyo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo.
| Maria | Ifomu epheleleyo yegama, igosa, ubudlelwane bobugcisa, abantu abangaqhelekanga |
|---|---|
| Masha | Ifomfutshane, engathathi hlangothi kwaye isetyenziselwa ubudlelwane obungasondelanga |
| Mashenka | Uhlobo lothando |
| Mashunechka Mashunya Marusya | Izondlo, iintlobo zeethenda |
| Mashka | I-Vulgar, iphosakele ngaphandle kokuba isetyenziswe ngaphakathi kwintsapho, phakathi kwabantwana okanye ngabahlobo |
Ezinye Iimpawu zeNickname
Ukusebenzisa umzekelo njengoko ubonwayo kwiincwadi zaseRashiya, kwiCriminal and Punishment nguFyodor Dostoyevsky, igama lokuqala likaRaskolnikov, uRoonon, livela kule fomu elandelayo: Rodya, Rodenka noRodka. Udadewabo, u-Avdotya, udlalwa ngokuba ngu "Dunya" kunye no "Dunechka" kulo lonke uvelwano.
Amanye amagama aqhelekileyo aseRashiya kunye nama-diminutives:
- Dima (kuDmitri)
- Misha (kuMikhail)
- Vova (iVladimir)
Diminutives kwiintlobo eziqhelekileyo
I-Diminutives ingafumaneka kwizibizo eziqhelekileyo, kwakhona. Igama elithi mamochka, ukunciphisa umama , lingasetyenziswa ngunyana okanye intombi efuna ukubonisa ubumnandi bomama kunye nothando. I-Sobachka , i- dimintive esuka kwigama elithi sobaka (inja), ibonisa ukunciphisa inja nokuncinci. Izithethi zesiNgesi zingasebenzisa "i-doggy" ukuhambisa intsingiselo efanayo.