I-Gossypium barbadense , eyaziwa ngokuba yiPima ikotini, iyalinywa namhlanje kwiindawo ezininzi ezikhulayo zeepotton zehlabathi. Le kotoni yokunethezeka, exabiseke kakhulu kwimarike yehlabathi, isakhula eNyakatho yePeru - indawo apho kuvela khona imvelaphi yayo, nalapho ibizwa ngokuba yiPeru yePima yesikotini.
Imbali emfutshane yePotton Pima Cotton
I-Gossypium barbadense yanikezwa igama elithi "Pima" ikotoni ngokuhlonipha abantu baseMerika basePima abaqala ukuvuna ikotoni e-United States.
Abantu abaninzi basePima basebenze kwifama yokuhlola ukulima kwezi ntlobo zekotoni, isityalo esakhiwe yiSebe lase-United States lezoLimo (USDA) ekuqaleni kwawo-1900 eSacaton, eArizona.
Ngelixa igama eliqhelekileyo lesityalo livela eNyakatho Melika, imvelaphi yayo yembali ikholelwa ukuba yiMzantsi Melika. Ubungqina bemivubukulo bubonisa ukuba i- Gossypium barbadense yavuna ukuvuna kuqala kwingingqi yonxweme phakathi kweNorthern Peru ne-Ecuador esezantsi. Iziqhekeza zeekoton ezitholakala ePeru ziye zadlulelwa kude kube ngo-3100 BC Abavubukuli bafumene iisampuli zekotoni zale nkqubo kwi-Huaca Prieta yokucubungula kwingingqi yaseLa Libertad enyakatho yePeru, indawo esekelwe kwimihlaba yanamhlanje.
Ngokutsho kweZityalo zoLimo lweTropical Africa (PROTA4U) iwebhusayithi, "EPeru, iimveliso zekotoni ezisuka kwi- Gossypium barbadense ezifana nentambo, intambo kunye neenetha zokuloba zibuyele malunga nama-2500 BC"
Ii-Incas nazo zavuna ikotoni kwi- Gossypium barbadense yefriji , ukuze isebenzise ekusebenziseni nasekusebenzeni kwezobugcisa. Izindlela zokugqoka iipotton kunye nomgangatho wezambatho zabo zazihlaba umxhwele ama-Conquistadors aseSpeyin, amadoda afanayo ekugqibeleni abangela ukuba izinto ezininzi zokusebenzisa i-Inca zilahleke ngexesha lokunqoba kwePeru.
Uhambo oluchanekileyo lokuziphendukela kwemvelo lweGossypium barbadense luyinkimbinkimbi. Nangona i- G. barbadense evela kwimimandla yonxweme yase-Ecuador nasePeru, iindidi ezihlakuleyo ePeru ziyakuthi zibe yinto eqhutywe e-USA kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-1900, eyayiwela nge-cotton yase-Egypt ELS. Nzima? Ewe.
Njengoko limi, igama elithi Peruvia Pima likotoni lihlukanisa iintlobo ze- Gossypium barbadense ezenziwe ePeru kwezinye iindidi ezifana ne-American Pima.
Yintoni eyenza i-Peruvia Pima Cotton ekhethekileyo?
Ikhotoni yikotoni - okanye ingaba kunjalo? UStephen Yafa, kwincwadi yakhe ethi Cotton: i-Biography ye-Fiber Revolutionary , ibonisa ukubaluleka kobude kuyo nayiphi na iindidi ezikhoyo ze-cotton fiber. Ikotoni ephakamileyo iyahluke kwiikotoni eziqhelekileyo ekuthi iimbumba zide, kwaye oku kwahlukileyo kubalulekile. I-Yafa ifanisa oku "kummahluko phakathi kwetafile yewayini ecocekileyo kunye neCateau yaseLaite-Rothschild yasezulwini."
I-Gossypium barbadense , okanye i-Pima ikotini, ihlelwe njengeContain Long Long Staple (i-ELS cotton). Iifayili zePima zikotoni zingaba ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini ubude beekotoni eziqhelekileyo, into eyenza i-Pima ikotini yeempawu ezikhethekileyo kunye neemfuno ezinqwenelekayo.
Ngonyaka we-2004, ingxelo ye-US International Trade Commission ebizwa ngokuba yiMigca ne-Apparel: UkuVavanywa koKhuphiswano lwaBathengi abathile beeMali kwiSeko se-US lathi oku:
"I-pima cotton yasePeru ibikwa ukuba ixabana nekotoni yaseGibithe ephakamileyo kwaye iyaziwayo ngokuba kungeyona nje ikotoni ende kunazo zonke kwihlabathi kodwa kunye nokunciphisa kwayo, ngokutsho kwezinye iimveliso zase-US," abaphikisana nosilika. ""
Olu nxu lumano lwe-softness, amandla kunye nokuqina luye lwazuza i-Pima likotini ngobume bayo behlabathi njengekotoni yokunethezeka. Amasu okuvuna asePeru angaphinda aphucule umgangatho osemgangathweni womveliso wokugqibela. Ukuqulunqwa kweenkqubo zokukhula kwekotoni kuye kwacaca kwenzeka ePeru, kodwa ezininzi iintlobo zasePeruvia zasePima zivuna ukotini ngesandla. Ukukhawulwa kwamandla kubangela ukungapheleli okumbalwa kwintambo, ukunikela ngokugqithiseleyo. Kwakhona yinkqubo enobungane yendalo.
Ukuthenga i-Pima Cotton ePeru
Namhlanje, ipotton yasePeru yamaPeru iyalinywa ngokukodwa kwimigodi yonxweme esenyakatho yasePuura naseKrara, njengoko kuye kwaba ngamawaka eminyaka.
Iimeko zemozulu kunye nemeko yomhlaba apha iphelele, eneemvula ezifanelekileyo kunye neeshushu.
Nangona umgangatho osemgangathweni wePeru wasePeru wasePeru wasePeru, abavakhenkethi bezinye iintlanga banokungathenga kakhulu (kwaye banolwazi olungaphambili) lwezambatho ezivela kwi -camelids yasePeru , ngokugqithiseleyo i-alpaca kunye ne-vicuña. Izinto ezenziwe kwi-alpaca wool zixhaphake ngokukhethekileyo, ziba yi-clich-souvenir.
Ingxenye yalo mmahluko ekuthandeni mhlawumbi ngenxa yeendlela zokuvakasha zasePeruvia. Abakhenkethi bezinye iintlanga bahamba baya kummandla wesithathu osezantsi wasePeru, kwiindawo ezikhangayo ezinjengeMachu Picchu , eCusco, Arequipa kunye neNazca Lines . Ngokuthelekisana neentloko ezimbalwa kunye nxweme elisenyakatho yePeru , ummandla apho iPimavian Peru ikhulile khona.
Kodwa ukuba uhamba ngentla ngasentla kunye nenxweme yenkcubeko enotye ngaphezu kweLima, gcina iliso evulekileyo kwimveliso yepota yecotton, kuquka i-T-shirts, iingubo kunye nezambatho zincinci ezincinci. Nangona ufumana umthengisi onokwethenjelwa (kwaye kungekhona umntu ozama ukuthengisa ikotoni epheleleyo njengePima), umgangatho uya kuba phezulu kwaye amaxabiso angaphezu kweengqiqo - ngokuqinisekileyo awuyi kufumana izinto zePeru zasePeru ze-Pima ngamanani afanayo xa ufumana emve Ekhaya.
Iingxelo:
- UStephen Yafa - iCotton: i-Biography ye-Fiber Revolutionary , i-Penguin, ngo-2005
- I-US International Trade Commission ingxelo - Izitya kunye neefowuni: Uvavanyo loKhuphiswano lwaBathengi abathile bamazwe angaphandle kwi-US Market , 2004
- Iqela leShishini le-Oxford - Ingxelo: Peru 2012
- I-PROTA4U - "iGossypium barbadense L."