01 ka 03
UFrank Lloyd Wright eCalifornia
UFrank Lloyd Wright ka-Ennis House. John Edward Linden / Corbis / Getty Izithombe Ukuba ungumtshitshisi womenzi wezakhiwo uFrank Lloyd Wright - okanye udidi lwezakhiwo eziqhelekileyo ngokubanzi, izinto zakhe zokudala zaseCalifornia zingenza i-center yezinye iindwendwe ezininzi-okanye ixesha elide. Intloko kwenye okanye zonke izinto eziyilwe kulo lonke elaseCalifornia ukusuka eSan Francisco ukuya eLos Angeles nakwezinye iindawo ezincinane ezaziwa eCalifornia, njengeendawo zokuthenga kunye neeklinikhi zezokwelapha.
Ngama-1920 njengo-career kaFrank Lloyd Wright kunye nombono, waqala ukuhlola iingcamango ezintsha kwaye wayefuna ukuzisa umsebenzi wakhe ngasentshonalanga.
Ukuqala ngoyilo lwe-George C. Stewart waseMontecito indlu ngo-1909, kwaye ekupheleni kwe-Church of Redding Pilgrim Congregational Church ngo-1957, uFrank Lloyd Wright wabeka uphawu lwakhe kwilizwe laseCalifornia. Uza kufumana ukuba phantse zonke izinto zakhe zidibanisa izinto ezifanayo: Uninzi lwezinto zakhe ezibonakalayo zibonakala ngathi ziphilayo kunye neendawo ezizungezile ngokungathi zivela kwiimeko ezizungezile.
Ewonke, izakhiwo ezingama-26 zikaFrank Lloyd Wright ezenziwe eCalifornia zisemi. Okumangalisayo kukuba, kuphela ezimbini ezilahlekileyo: Indawo yokuhlala eB Hollyhock House kunye neWright eHarper Avenue Studio eLos Angeles. Uyakwazi ukubona indawo zabo kule mephu yeGooge.
Umsebenzi uFrank Lloyd Wright wenza eCalifornia kubalulekile. I-American Institute of Architects ikhethe i-17 yeFrank Lloyd Wright yenzelwa ukuba ibe ngummeli wenkxaso yakhe kwisiko laseMerika. Abathathu babo baseCalifornia: IHollyhock House eLos Angeles, iSitolo seSipho saseMorris eSan Francisco kunye neHanna House ePalo Alto.
Uninzi lwezinto zikaFrank Lloyd Wright zaseCalifornia zaziziindawo zokuhlala ezizimeleyo, kodwa naye wadala izakhiwo zeofisi zaseCalifornia, iivenkile kunye neziko lekarhulumente. Izakhiwo zikaRhulumente zikaFrank Lloyd Wright ziquka indawo yokuthenga e-Los Angeles, isitolo sesipho eSan Francisco, icawa e-Redding kunye neziko loluntu eSan Rafael. Izintlu ezipheleleyo zilapha maphepha:
02 ka 03
Vula kwiiNdwendwe
I-Hollyhock House kaFrank Lloyd Wright. MichaelJLocke / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 4.0 Izakhiwo ezimbalwa zikaFrank Lloyd Wright zifikeleleka kuluntu jikelele. Izakhiwo zoluntu ezikhankanywe ngasentla zivulelekile kuwo wonke umntu, kodwa zindlu ezimbalwa kuphela ezivulekele ukutyelela. Kwaye kwanjalo, ezo zakhiwo ezinzima ukugcina zivaliwe ukulungiswa. Ndicebisa ukuba ndikhangele naluphi na kubo ngaphambi kokucwangcisa uhambo nje ukutyelela.
Ezi zizakhiwo zeWright onokutyelela okanye ukutyelela:
I-Marin Civic Centre inikezela iindwendwe ezikhokelwa yi-dock zolu xwebhu olubanzi emva kwenyanga okanye unokukhuphela inguqulo ekhokelwayo kwiwebhsayithi.
IHanna House ivulekele ukutyelela iintsuku ezimbalwa ngenyanga. Hlola ishedyuli yangoku kwiwebhusayithi yeHanna House.
IHollyhock House ivulekile emva kokulungiswa ngokubanzi kunye nokubuyiselwa kwesinye isakhiwo sayo esiseduze kunokuqala ngokukhawuleza.
I-Ennis House yathengiswa kumnikazi wabucala ngo-2011. Iimeko zokuthengiswa zifuna ukuba zivulekele uluntu iintsuku ezili-12 ngonyaka, kodwa ndikulindele ukuba oko kuya kuqalisa ukuba isakhiwo sizinzile kwaye sihlaziywe, inkqubo eya kuthatha emininzi iminyaka.
UMnu. Clinton Walker House eKarmeli uvuliwe usuku olunye ngonyaka njengenxalenye yothando lomcimbi.
Iindawo Zoluntu: Abavakashi abahloniphekileyo nabangenasiphelo banokungena kwiindawo ezininzi zoluntu xa bevulekile, kodwa ungalindelanga ukuba bakunike ityelelo. Okona unako ukukwenza ukujonga ngapha nangapha: I- Anderton Court Shops eBeverly Hills, eKliniki yezoNyango yaseKindert eSan Luis Obispo kunye ne-Redding ye- Pilgrim Church Congregational .
03 ka 03
Iincwadi: UFrank Lloyd Wright waseCalifornia
UFrank Lloyd Wright ka-Ennis House. UMike Dillon / Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 2.5 Ngethuba lomsebenzi wakhe, uFrank Lloyd Wright wavelisa iindlela ezininzi zokuyila, eqala ngesitayela sePrairi ehhovisi lakhe lokuqala ngaseChicago. Ukusuka apho, wathuthela kwezinye izitayela eziphefumlelwe ziindawo awayezisebenzisayo.
Izindlu zokuVimba kweeMpahla
IWright yenzelwe izakhiwo ezine kuphela zisebenzisa iibhloko zekhonkrithi ezinjengeempawu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-textile blocks. Bonke base-Southern Southern California: Ennis House , House Storer , iMillard House / La Miniatura kunye ne- Freeman House .
Ukwakhiwa kweentlango
Isitayela esivela e-Arizona e-Taliesin West, ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokukhwabanisa kwintlango isebenzisa amatye aqingqiweyo kunye nekhonkrithi ezibunjwa ngefomu.
Imizekelo yaseCalifornia: iTrch Oboler Gatehouse kunye no-Eleanor's Retreat , iBergger House , i- Pilgrim Congregational Church
Izindlu ze-Usonian
Eyakhelwe iintsapho ezifumana umvuzo ophakathi, ezi zindlu ezincinci zodwa zibonisa uxhulumaniso lwangaphakathi lwangaphandle kwaye zazivame ukwakhiwa kwimilo ethi "L": Hanna House (esekelwe kwikhexagon), eSydney Bazett House , eBuehler House , eRandall Indlu yaseFawcett kunye neKliniki yeMpilo yase Kundert eSan Luis Obispo.
Ngomhla
1909: iGeorge C. Stewart House
1917: IHollyhock House
1923: John Storer House
1923: USamuel Freeman House
1923: UGeorge noAlice Millard House
1923: UBabel noCharles Ennis House
1936: Hanna House
1939: I- Sidney Bazett House
1939: iSturges House
1940: I- Arch Oboler Gate House ne-Eleanor's Retreat
1948: I- VC Morris Gift Shop
1948: iMaynard kunye neK Katie Buehler House
1948: Nksk. Clinton Walker House
Ngowe-1950: U-Arthur-Mathews House
Ngowe-1950: iWilbur C. Pearce House
Ngowe-1950: URobert noGloria Berger House
Ngo-1952: I- Anderton Court Shops
Ngowe- 1955: Iklinikhi yezoNyango yaseKindert
Ngo-1955: URandall Fawcett House
Ngo-1955: I- Marin Civic Centre
Ngowe-1957: URobert G. Walton House
Ngowe-1958: uDkt. George Ablin House
Ngowe-1958: i- Pilgrim Congregational Church
1923 no-2001: i- Nakoma Clubhouse