Ubona njani ubutyebi obuvela ePompeii e-Itali nase-US

Isixeko saseRoma sasePompeii siye sifundwe, sicatshulwa kwaye siyamangalisa ukususela ekubeni safunyanwa kwakhona kwi-1700s. Namhlanje isayithi sele ibuyiselwa ngokutsha kwaye ifundwe kwaye iphakathi kwam iingcomo zam phezulu zokuba zimele zibone iindawo zokuhamba zeemyuziyamu. Kodwa ukuba awukwazi ukuhamba ukuya e-Italiya yase-Italy, kukho ezinye iimyuziyam ezininzi apho ungabona ubutyebi basePompeii. Ezinye iindawo ezifana neMyuziyam yaseBrithani eLondon okanye i- Metropolitan Museum of Art eNew York inokubonakala ngathi iqoqo ebonakalayo yezobugcisa be-Pompeiian kunye nezobugcisa, kodwa uMalibu, eCalifornia, eBozeman, eMontha naseNorthampton, eMaspala banamathuba angaphezu kwamathuba okubona ubugcisa beli xesha kakuhle.

Okokuqala imvelaphi encinane ePompeii:

Ngo-Agasti wama-24, ngo-79 CE, ukukhuphuka kweNtaba iVesuvius kwaqala ukutshabalalisa imizi kunye namadlelo aseBa de Naples. I-Pompeii, isixeko esiphezulu se-city abantu abangaba ngu-20,000 sisixeko esikhulu kunazo zonke ukuba sitshabalalise i-gesi yetyhefu, idla i-ash kunye namatye epumice. Abantu abaninzi banako ukuphunyuka ngePompeii ngesikebhe, nangona abanye behlasele ngaselunxwemeni nge-tsunami. Abantu ababalelwa ku-2,000 bafa. Iindaba zeentlekele zisasazeka kulo lonke ubukumkani baseRoma. UMbusi uTito wathumela umgudu wokuhlangula nangona kungekho nto eyayingenziwa. IPompeii isuswe kwiimephu zamaRoma.

Abahlali behlala beyazi ukuba umzi wawukho, kodwa bekungekho ngo-1748 xa i-Bourbon Kings yaseNaples yaqalisa ukucima indawo. Ngaphantsi kobuncwane bomhlaba kunye nomlotha, isixeko sasiye saxutywa njengokuba kwakunjalo kwinto eya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Isonka sasise-ovens, isiqhamo sasisetafile kunye neentlobo zamathambo zifunyenwe zimbethe iingubo. Inxalenye enkulu yale nto esiyayaziyo namhlanje malunga nobomi bemihla yolawulo lwamaRoma, ngenxa yolu lo ndolozo oluqhelekileyo.

Ngeli xesha, iingubo, ubucwebe kunye nemifanekiso eyenziwa ePompeii zahlala kwindawo eyayiba yiNational National Archaeological Museum . Ekuqaleni umkhosi wezempi, isakhiwo sasisetyenziselwa njengendawo yokugcina impahla kunye neengqungquthela ezicatshulwa kwisiza kodwa zisengozini ukuba zibiwe ngabaphangi.

I-Herculaneum, isixeko esinesidlo esiphezulu e-Bay of Naples, sasigqitywe kwizinto ezinomzimba ezininzi, ngokukhawuleza zifake isixeko. Nangona kuphela i-20% yeso sixeko ichongiwe, i-remains in view are extraordinary. Indawo yokuhlala ezininzi, iintsika zeenkuni kunye nefenitshala zihlala zikhona.

Amadlelo amancinci ayehlala kwikhaya elityebileyo yachithwa kwakhona kuquka iStabia, Oplonti, Boscoreale kunye neBoscotrecase. Nangona zonke iziza zingatyelelwa namhlanje, azifumanekanga lula okanye zicwangciswe kakuhle njengePompeii neHerculaneum. Ubuninzi bobutyebi babo bufumaneka ngaphandle kwe-Italy.

Ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka, okubizwa ngokuba yi "Grand Tour" kwazisa abantu baseYurophu base-Italy baseMpumalanga ukuba babone amatshaba asePompeii kwaye ngokukhethekileyo " iKhabhinethi eyimfihlo " yobungcali bobuciko obuvela kwimichibi. Uphando luye lwaqhubeka iminyaka emithathu kwaye kusekho umsebenzi omningi oseleyo ukwenza oku. Olu luchungechunge lweendawo zakudala kunye neemyuziyam ziphakathi kweyona nto inomdla kakhulu kwihlabathi.

• 01 ka 03

  Ubutyebi bePompeii eLondon naseMalibu

  Ukulandela iminyaka yokunyanzelwa, ukuhambisa amanzi amaninzi kunye nezigidi ezimbini ngeendwendwe ngonyaka, iinqaba zasePompeii zaye zahlaselwa ingozi ekulahlekelweni kwazo njenge-Heritage Site ye-UNESCO. Urhulumente waseTaliyane waphonyisa imali ePompeii ukuze kubuyiselwe amandla amakhulu ezintandathu kwiindawo zokuhlaziywa kwazo. Okwangoku lixesha elihle lokutyelela ePompeii, ngokukhethekileyo "I-Villa yeMfihlakalo."

  Uchungechunge oluqhelekileyo nolunxilisayo lweefrescoes kwigumbi lendlu eyodwa lucinga ukuba lilungelo lokuqalisa inkolo engacacanga. Ubukumkani baseRoma babenelungelo lokunyamezela iinkolo ezahlukahlukeneyo (ngokukhawuleza ukuhlawulwa irhafu) kunye neenkcubeko zihlala zihluma ezindlwini zabucala. Ukuba ubona enye into e-Pompeii, i-Villa yeMfihlelo kufuneka ibe yintloko ephezulu kwoluhlu lwakho.

  I-Museum yaseBrithani inezinto ezili-100 ukusuka ePompeii ekuqokeleleni kwayo kuquka ukudweba kwodonga, ubucwebe kunye nesithandwa se-Etruscan esithakazelisayo esasifumaneka eHerculaneum.

  Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane i-Villaculaneum ye-Villa dei Papiri eMalibu, eCalifornia kwi- Getty Villa. Apha iindwendwe zifumana i-Villa njengoko yayingaphambi kokuba ibhujiswe. Nangona isakhiwo somzimba siphelele namhlanje, ubugcisa kunye neengcibi zezinto ezivela kwithuba lizalisa iifriji kunye nepropati ityalwe ngityalo edala amava anokwenene.

  Ngaphezu koko, iMalibu, eCalifornia ivakalelwa ngokwenene njengeBap yaseNaples. Ukukhanya, imozulu kunye nezityalo ziphantse zifana kunye nabemi baseSouth California abacebile kunabo bonke abanxweme njengokuba abaseRoma belikhulu belikhulu lokuqala.

  Ukutyelela iPompeii (ePompei) kunye neHerculaneum (Ercolano) , ngoku i-train ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuthi "iCampania Express" ehamba phakathi kweNapoli Centrale (isitulo esikhulu sezitima e Naples, ebizwa ngokuba yiNapoli-Piazza Garibaldi) neSerrento.

  • Napoli Sorrento € 15,00 / € 8,00
  • Napoli Ercolano € 7,00 / € 4,00
  • I-Napoli Villa Misteri € 11,00 / € 6,00
  • I-Sorrento Villa Misteri € 7,00 / € 4,0
  • U-Sorrento Ercolano € 11,00 / € 6,00
  • Ercolano Villa Misteri € 7,00 / € 4,00

  Iiyure: 1-Epreli-31 Oktobha kwimihla ngemihla 08.30 - 19.30 (lokugqibela lokungena 18.00). Ngo-1 Novemba-31 Matshi imihla ngemihla 08.30 - 17.00 (lokugqibela lokungena 15.30).

  Ukwamkelwa: 1 Usuku / 1 Indawo: Abantu abadala € 11,00, banciphise i-€ 5,50; Iintsuku ezi-3 / iiSayithi ezi-5: Abantu abadala abadala i-20,00, iyanciphisa i-€ 10,00 (i-Herculaneum, iPompeii, i-Oplontis, iStabia, i-Boscoreale)

  Ukutyelela iBritish Museum:

  I-Great Russell Street London WC1B 3DG

  Iiyure: Iintsuku ezivela ku-10 ukuya ku-30, ngeeLisanu ukuya ku-8: 30

  Ukungeniswa: Simahla

  Ukutyelela i-Getty Villa :

  IDrayivu: 17985 iPacific Coast Coast, iPacific Palisades, CA 90272

  I-Metro Bus 534 eye i-Coastline Drive ne-Pacific Coast Highway (PCH) ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwi-Getty Villa yokungena

  Iiyure: NgoLwesithathu-ngoMvulo-10: 00 ekuseni-5: 00

  Ukwamkelwa kukhululekile, kodwa ukupaka i-$ 15 kwaye kuyadingeka ukugcina ithikithi kwangaphambili .

• 02 ka 03

  I-Villa Oplonti e-Montana naseMassachusetts

  Iindawo ezikufutshane neTorre Annunziata zazicaphukisa ukuba ubutyebi obucatshulwa e- Villa Oplonti bubonakala kwiMyuziyamu yaseMontana ngaphambi kokuba kuboniswe kwindawo. Ekuphenduleni, isi sixeko sihlele umboniso wayo kufuphi neendawo zokubhujiswa ePalazzo Crisccuolo. Kodwa kuqala, nantsi imvelaphi emfutshane kwisayithi:

  Isixeko samhlanje seTorre Annunziata, namhlanje isixeko saseNaples esakhiwe kwisixeko saseRoma saseOplontis, ngoko ke ummandla wasePompeii.

  "I-Villa A" yindlela abaphengululi bajonga ngayo kwi-Villa Oplontis evulelekileyo kuluntu. Abahlali bawubiza ngokuba yi-Villa Poppea, ebizwa ngokuba ngumfazi waseKumkani uNero ukuze i-Villa ibe yakhiwe ngayo.

  Awuvulelekanga kuluntu "i-Villa B" okanye i-Villa Lucius Crassius Tertius, ebonakala ngathi yindawo yokuhambisa. Xa iNtaba iVesuvius yaqhuma ngo-Agasti 24, ngo-79 CE, i-Villa Oplonti yayihlaziywa kwaye yayingahlali. Ama-squelet 54 amabini ahloniphekileyo kunye namakhoboka afumaneke ngasemva kwindlu ye-Villa B, ehlala ecaleni komnyango, mhlawumbi elindele ukukhululwa ngesikebhe.

  Yayiyindlu ekhethiweyo eyenzelwe injongo yokuzonwabisa. Nangona abaphengululi abavumelani nonke ukuba uPappea Sabina, umfazi wesibini kaNero wayehlala apha, i-Villa yayiyindawo eyayiyomntu ovela kwiklasi yezobukhosi baseRoma. Kwakunamagumbi angaphezu kwe-100, iindonga zemizekelo yeefrare ukubonisa iindlela zokuhamba ezikhegraphed kubakhonzi kunye ne-pool yangaphakathi.

  Ifunyenwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye iqala ukususela nge-1700s, umsebenzi obalulekileyo owenziwe ngabavubukuli baseMelika nabaseTaliyane bebambisana " kwiProjekthi ye-Oplontis ." Umsebenzi useqhubeka kwaye iziphumo zabo zipapashwa kwiinkalo ezine ze-e-ncwadi ezipapashwe yi-American Council of Societies Learned (ACLS). Iyokuqala iyatholakala apha.

  Umboniso wokutyelela kwiimyuziyam yaseMelika yahlelwa kwaye sele ibonisiwe eTexas naseMichigan. Umboniso uza kuchitha intsalela ka-2016 kuMyuziyam weeRocki eBozeman, eMontana kunye nango-2017 kwi- Smith College Museum of Art e-Northampton, eMassachusetts.

  Ukuya ku-Villa Oplonti:

  Via Sepolcri, 80058 Torre Annunziata NA, Italy +39 081 8575347

  Thatha i-Circumvesuviana esuka eNapoli Centrale ukuya eTorre Annunziata

  Oktobha 1-Oktobha 31 imihla ngemihla 08.30 - 19.30 (lokugqibela lokungena 18.00). NgoNovemba 1 - Matshi 31 imihla ngemihla 08.30 - 17.00 (lokugqibela lokungena 15.30).

  1 Usuku / 3 iiSayithi: Abadala i-€ 5,50, banciphise i-€ 2,75 (i-Boscoreale, i-Oplontis, iStabia); Iintsuku ezi-3 / iiSayithi ezi-5: Abantu abadala abadala abangama-20,00, banciphise i-€ 10,00 (i-Boscoreale, i-Herculaneum, i-Oplontis, iPompeii, iStabia)

  Ukutyelela iMyuziyam yeeRockies:

  600 W Kagy Blvd, iBozeman, MT 59717

  (406) 994-2251

  IiHora zasehlobo ziqala ngeveki yeSuku lweSikhumbuzo kwaye ziphelile ngosuku emva koSuku loMsebenzi. IiHora zeHlabathi imihla ngemihla ukuya ku-8: 00.
  IiHora zasebusika ziqala ngosuku emva koSuku lomSebenzi kwaye ziphelile ngosuku ngaphambi kweSikhumbuzo seMihlakuyi yeSonto. Iiyure zasebusika ziyiMon-Sat nge-9: 00 ukuya ku-5: 00, nge-12: 00 ukuya ku-5: 00

  Ukwamkelwa: Abadala i-$ 14.50, abantwana (5-17) $ 9.50, abafundi be-MSU (abane-ID ye-MSU esebenzayo) i-$ 10, abantwana (4 nangaphantsi) Abakhululekile, abahlali abakhulu (abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala).

  Indlela yokutyelela iMyuziyam yeMyuziyam yase-Art:

  20 Elm St, Northampton, MA 01063

  (413) 585-2760

  Iiyure: NgoLwesibini ukuya ngoMgqibelo 10-4, ngeCawa 12-4, iLwesihlanu ngoLwesihlanu 10-8, iMvulo eViweyo kunye neeholide ezinkulu

  Ukwamkelwa: Abadala be-$ 5, abaPhathi abaPhakamileyo be-$ 4, abafundi beekholeji kunye nabantwana abakhululekileyo

• 03 ka 03

  Ihostela yaseBoscoreale eNew York

  I-Boscoreale ithetha "ihlathi laseburhulumenteni" kwaye yayiyiindawo zokuzingela ezineendawo zokuhlala ezithandekayo, ezona ziwayo zibizwa ngokuba yi "Villa of P. Fannius Synistor". Nangona kunokuba kulukhuni, bekuza kuqwalaselwa ngexesha layo lelizwe lase-rustic. Imizobo yodonga yenziwe phakathi ko-40 ukuya ku-60 BCE

  Njenge-Villa Oplonti, le ndlu yaseBoscoreale yayiyindawo yokufihla kunye nokuzonwabisa okungakumbi okwakunokuba yabukelwa phantsi ngamaRoma angamaRoma. Yenzelwe ukuba ibe yindawo yokutya, isiselo kunye nokusingatha iindidi kunye nokukhupha inkcubeko yobomi bamaGrike. Ama-Greek ruins afunyanwa kulo lonke elaseCampania kwaye i-villa iyigwetyiweyo neefowriji zamafilosofi aseGrike, abalobi, izifanekiselo zabathetheli kunye neenkomo.

  Kufunyenwe ekuqaleni kwee-1900, ii-frescoes zibhekwa njengezinye zezona ziqhamo eziqhelekileyo zamaRoma emhlabeni jikelele.

  I-Met inezininzi zeefresco ezidumile ezivela ePompeii, kodwa "i-cubiculum" okanye igumbi lokulala kwigumbi le-Fannius Synistor eBoscoreale liphakathi kwezona ziqwenga ezidumileyo nezithandekayo kumyuziyam. Iifrescoes zahamba ngqo ukusuka ekuthungeni ukuya eNew York ngo-1903.

  Indlela yokutyelela iBoscoreale:

  Via Settetermini 15, indawo. Villa Regina - Boscoreale

  Thatha isitima se-Circumvesuviana. (Umgca: Napoli-Poggiomarino.) Hamba eBotcotrecase uze uthathe ibhasi ukuya kwi-Villa Regina.

  Ukungena: 5.50 €

  Indlela yokutyelela iMet:

  IMetropolitan Museum of Art

  1000 eFifth Ave eNew York, NY 10028

  Iiyure: Vula iintsuku ezingama-7 ngeveki

  NgeCawa-NgoLwesine: 10: 00 ekuseni-5: 30 ntambama
  NgoLwesihlanu nangomgqibelo: 10: 00 ekuseni-9: 00 ntambama
  Usuku lokuVonga lokuVala, u-Disemba 25, ngoJanuwari 1, ngoMsombuluko wokuqala ngoMeyi

  Ukungeniswa ngumnikelo ophakanyisiweyo. Umele uhlawule ukungena kumyuziyam, kodwa nakweyiphi na imali oyithandayo.Izigidi ezi-25 zamawaka, abadala (iminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu) i-$ 17, abafundi abangama-12, ama-Free Free, abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-12 (ehamba kunye nomntu omdala) Simahla