Ukucacisa ukuba iziphi izilumkiso ezahlukeneyo ezibhekiselele kubahambi
Ngo-Matshi ka-2002, iSebe lase-United States loKhuselo lwaseKhaya lamemezela ukubunjwa kweNkqubo yeNgcebiso yoKhuseleko lwaseKhaya. Isikrini esinekhowudi esinikwe ngamanqanaba amahlanu ukwenzela ukulinganisa ubuchule bokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula kumhlaba waseMerika - ophantsi kunabo "ophantsi," obomvu obhalwe ngombala, kunye nobunzima kakhulu "obunzima," obomvu obhalwe ngombala. Ukususela ekungenisweni, imibala yekhowudi yokukhuphela iphakanyisiwe kwaye yanda ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngamaxesha amaninzi, kuphela ekutshintshiselwa ngokuthe ngqo ngo-2011.
Ukususela ngoko, iUnited States kunye neentlangano ziye zahlangabezana nobunzima ekuboniseni amanqanaba engozini abahambi abanokujamelana nayo kwihlabathi. Ngokuzama, abahamba ngoku ba neendlela ezintathu ezahlukileyo ezinika izilumkiso malunga nabangcipheko abahamba nabo abangabhekana nabo xa behamba ekhaya okanye phesheya.
Nangona bengenakuba yindlela elula ukuyiqonda, izibhengezo zesabisa zinokuba nefuthe elibi kubahambi njengoko zihamba ngeenxa zonke kwihlabathi. Isalathiso sokuhamba sithetha ntoni? Ingaba iphakamisa umcebisi wezobugqeba wesizwe? Ngokuqonda iinkqubo ezinkulu zokuxwayisa ngamazwe, abahambi bangenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo xa kufika ixesha lokuhamba.
Isebe likarhulumente wase-US: Izaziso zohambo kunye neZingcebiso zokuhamba
Kwabaninzi abahambahambayo, iSebe leSizwe lase-US liyokuqala ukuyeka ukwenzela ukuba kuqaphele ingozi ekucwangciseni uhambo kwiindawo ezithile zehlabathi. Ngaphambi kokuhamba, abahamba ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo bavame ukukhangela izilumkiso zokuhamba kunye nezilumkiso zokuhamba ukuhlola ingozi abajongene nayo xa behamba phesheya.
I-Arhente yeSizwe isilumkiso sexesha elifutshane elinokuchaphazela abahambi ngexesha lokuhamba kwabo ngaphandle kweUnited States kwaye isebenza kuphela ngexesha elifutshane. Umzekelo weganeko lexeshana elifutshane liquka ixesha lonyaka lonyulo olunokubangela izibhikiso kunye nezigqeba eziqhelekileyo, izilumkiso zezempilo ngenxa yokugqabhuka kwezifo (kubandakanye ne-virus yeZika), okanye ubungqina obuqinisekileyo bokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula.
Xa imeko iphelile okanye ilawulwa, iSebe likaRhulumente liya kuhlengahlengisa le nkcazelo yokuhamba.
Ngokungafani nesilumkiso sokuhamba, isixwayiso sokuhamba sisixa esihlala ixesha elide apho abahambi bafuna ukucinga ngokucwangcisa izicwangciso zabo zokuhamba ngaphambi kokuba benze izicwangciso. Izilumkiso zokuhamba zingahanjiswa kwiintlanga ezingamkeli iintlanga zaseMerika , izakhiwo ezikarhulumente ezingazinzileyo okanye ezikhohlakeleyo , ulwaphulaphulo oluqhubekayo okanye ubundlobongela kubakhenkethi , okanye ukutshatyalaliswa okuqhubekayo kokuhlasela kwamaphekula .Ezinye izilumkiso ziye zahlala iminyaka emininzi ekupheleni.
Ngaphambi kokuhamba, ngamnye umhambi kufuneka aqiniseke ukuba isaziso sokuhamba okanye isixwayiso asikho kwindawo yelizwe labo eliya kuyo. Ukongezelela, abahambi mabaqwalasele ukubhalisa kwinkqubo ye-STEP yamahhala evela kwiSebe leSizwe ukufumana izilumko ngelixa uhamba kwaye uhlaziya izixhobo ezikhoyo kwi-ambassy e kufuphi.
Isebe lase-United States loKhuseleko lwaseKhaya: iNkqubo yezobuGqeba beSizwe soBuchule
Isiqalo sokuqala sesizwe sokuvavanya ukwesatshiswa koyiko, iNkqubo yeNgcebiso yezoKhuseleko lwaseKhaya, yasuswa phantsi ngokusemthethweni ngo-2011, kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-9 emva kokuphunyezwa. Kwindawo yayo kwafika iNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho kaZwelonke (NTAS), eyabhengezwa nguNobhala wezoKhuseleko lwaseKhaya uJanet Napolitano.
I-NTAS ilandelelanise inkqubo yangaphambili yokulumkisa ngokususa i-color-coding, engazange iwele phantsi kwe "Elevated," i-yellow-coded yellow. Esikhundleni samanqanaba amahlanu esilumkiso, inkqubo entsha inciphisa iisongelo ezinokuthi zibe ngamacandelo amabini: Isisongelo esisisigxina seNgcaciso, kunye nesisongelo esiphezulu.
Isisongelo esisisondeleyo Isaziso silondolozwe izilumkiso zezinto ezithembekileyo, ezikhethekileyo, okanye ezisongelayo zobuphekula kwiUnited States ngamaqela aphikisayo okanye kwezinye iintlanga. I-Alated Top Threat Alert, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyalumkisa nje ngesongelo esilungileyo malunga ne-United States, ngaphandle kolwazi oluthe ngqo kwindawo okanye ngomhla. Ngokutsho kwesikhokelo sikarhulumente, isilumkiso sinokukhishwa nguNobhala woKhuseleko lwaseKhaya, ngokubambisana namanye amashishini amanyanzelisa umthetho. Ezi zixhobo ziquka i-CIA, i-FBI, kwaye ingaquka ezinye i-arhente.
Izilumkiso zenzelwe ukuba "... nikeze isishwankathelo esichengeni sokungcungcutheka, ulwazi malunga nezenzo ezithathwayo ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa koluntu, kunye namanyathelo atyunyiwe abantu, uluntu, amashishini kunye noorhulumente abanokuthatha ukuthatha ukunceda ukukhusela, ukunciphisa okanye ukuphendula kwisongelo . "Ukususela ekuphunyezweni kwenkqubo entsha, kuye kwakhutshwa izilumkiso ezininzi, kubandakanywa enye ekuvukeni kwe- Orlando ebusukuclub mass massage ngo-2016 .
Ubumbuso obumbuso: Ubutshabongela obuNobungozi
Amagosa aseBrithani asetyenzise iinkqubo zokulinganisa ingozi yempi okanye yobundlobongela ukususela ngo-1970, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwe-BIKINI State. Ngo-2006, i-BIKINI State yachithwa ngokusesikweni ngenxa yeNkqubo yeeNtshontsho zee-UK.
NjengeNkqubo yeNgcebiso yokuKhusela yaseKhaya, i-UK Iingcipheko zeeNtsholongwane zibonisa ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula kulo lonke elaseUnited Kingdom, kuquka i-England, iScotland, i-Wales ne-Northern Ireland. Inkqubo iphulwe kwiindidi ezintlanu: i-lowest "i-low", kwaye iphakamileyo "ibaluleke kakhulu." Ngokungafani neNkqubo yeNgcebiso yoKhuseleko lwaseKhaya okanye i-BIKINI State, akukho myalezo wokudibanisa kunye nomgca wesongelo. Endaweni yoko, amanqanaba esongelo asetyenziswa yiCandelo loPhando loBugawuli boLuntu kunye neNkonzo yoKhuseleko (MI5).
Amanqanaba obungozi awanalo usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kwaye aya kutshintshwa ngokusekelwe kwingcaciso efunyenwe ngabaBhulu baseBrithani. Amanqanaba angongoma ase-UK aphakamisa iingcebiso ezimbini ezihlukeneyo kwiindawo ezimbini: kwilizwe laseBrithani (eNgilani, eScotland naseWales), naseNorthern Ireland. Amanqanaba obungozi anika iingcebiso ngezobundlobongela bezizwe ngezizwe kunye nobungqonge obuninzi be-Northern Ireland.
Indlela yokuhamba i-inshurensi ichaphazeleka ngayo izilumkiso kunye nezoyiko
Ngokuxhomekeka kwiimeko zehlabathi kunye nokwethembeka kwengozi, i-inshurensi yokuhamba ingachaphazeleka ngenguqu kwiinkqubo zokulumkisa ngamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuba isongelo sikhupha kumgangatho ophezulu, umboneleli we-inshurensi yokuhamba usenokucinga ukuba imeko iya kuba " isiganeko esilindelekileyo ." Ukuba oko kwenzeka, i-inshorensi yokuhamba yomshuwalense ayinakubonelela ngeendlela zokuhamba ukuya kwindawo ethile okanye kwisizwe emva kwesilumkiso samazwe ngamazwe ikhishiwe.
Emva koko, umgaqo-nkqubo we-inshorensi yohambo awukwazi ukwandisa iindleko zokukhansela ukuhamba izilumkiso okanye izibhengezo zesiganeko. Ngenxa yokuba ukuhlaselwa koogqirha akuzange kwenzeke, i-inshurensi yokuhamba ayinakuqwalasela ukukhupha isilumkiso esifanelekileyo ukuba iqhube inzuzo.
Nangona kunjalo, abahambayo abathengisa umgaqo-nkqubo we-inshurensi yokuhamba ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele okanye isilumkiso sikhutshwe, kuya kubakho ukuxutywa xa kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula . Ukongezelela ekuhambeni kweenzuzo zokukhansela, abahambi bangabhekiswa phantsi kwezibonelelo zokulibazisa, ukufumana ukuphazamiseka kohambo, okanye ukukhutshwa kongxamiseko. Ngaphambi kokuthenga umgaqo-nkqubo we-inshorensi yokuhamba, qi
Nangona zinokudideka, ukuqonda iinkqubo zokuphazamisa ukongamela kunokunceda abo bahambayo benze izigqibo ezintle njengoko bekulungele ukuya ngaphandle. Ngokungazi ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokuqwalasela kunye nendlela i-inshurensi yokuhamba inokuchaphazeleka ngayo, bonke abahambahamba banokulungelelwa nayiphi na imeko ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.