Izibalo zibonisa ukuba ubundlobongela buxhaphakile, kodwa bungafi.
Ngethuba lokusa kwintsasa yeCawa, ngo-Juni 12, ibhulobho enye yangena kwi-nightclub e-Orlando, iFla., Kwaye yaqala into eyayiza kuba yinto efile kakhulu yobundlobongela kwimbali yamanje yaseMerika. Xa imeko yaphela, abantu abangama-49 babulawa, baninzi banokulimala.
Nangona ubundlobongela buya kuphazamiseka naphi na apha kwihlabathi , ukudubula ngokukhululeka kuyimeko ekhethekileyo ebonakalayo ichaphazela iUnited States ngaphezu kweyiphi indawo ehlabathini.
Ezi zihlaselo zivame ukuza kunye nezilumkiso kwaye zingabonakala zingakhuselekanga ngokupheleleyo. Ngabanye abahamba ngeenjongo ezihamba phambili kulo nyaka, ngaba uhambo lwasekhaya luyisongelo ngakumbi kunezohambo zamazwe ngamazwe?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngabaphi abahambahambayo banamhlanje, izinto eziphambili zokuzipakisha zinolwazi nolwazi. Le mizamo elandelayo yokuphendula eminye imibuzo eqhelekileyo ebuzwa malunga nobudlova bombundu e-United States.
Bangaphi abantu ababulawa yizibhamu eMelika onke unyaka?
Ngokwezifundo zango-2013 ngamaziko okuLawula izifo, abantu abayi-11 208 baseUnited States babulawa bebenzisa isibhamu. Ngokubhekiselele kuwo onke ama-homicide, ama-69.5 eepesenti agqityiwe esebenzisa isibhamu.
Iphelele, i-CDC yafumana abantu abangama-33,636 babulawa ngesibhamu e-United States ngeli xesha elifanayo. Ngendlela yokujonga inani labantu baseMerika, abantu abayi-10.6 nge-100,000 babulawe ngesibhamu ngonyaka.
Phakathi kwazo zonke izifo ezifayo ezichaphazelekayo, izibhamu zazikholelwa kuma-17,4 ekhulwini okufa kwabantu ababikwe.
Nangona kunjalo, inani labantu ababulewe ngumpu ngo-2013 lwaluphantsi kunezinye iindlela zokufa ezihlobene nokulimala e-United States. Ngethuba elifanayo lexesha, abantu abaninzi bafa kwiingozi zeemoto (33,804 ukufa) kunye ngenxa yobuthi (abantu abangama-48,545 bafa).
Zingaphi Ukutshutshiswa KweMisa Kuyenzeka eUnited States ngamnye Unyaka?
Ngelishwa, akukho mpendulo echanekileyo malunga nokuba kukuphi ukudubula amaninzi kunye neemeko "zokuqhubela phambili" ezenzeka eMelika. Emva koko, imibutho eyahlukeneyo ineenkcazo ezichaseneyo zento efanelwe kwisiganeko ngasinye.
Ngokwe-Federal Bureau of Investigation's Study of Active Shooter Iziganeko e-United States Phakathi ko-2000 no-2013 , i-shooter ebonakalayo ichazwa ngokuthi: "umntu osebenza ngokuzibulala okanye ezama ukubulala abantu kwindawo engqongileyo kunye nendawo yokuhlala." Ngokutsho Ingxelo ka-2014, iimeko ezi-160 "eziqhubekayo" zenzeke phakathi ko-2000 nangama-2013, ngokomyinge wama-11 ngonyaka. Kwimiba yeziganeko "eziqhutywayo", i-486 yabantu yabulawa, ukulinganisa abantu abathathu kwisiganeko ngasinye.
Nangona kunjalo, i-Archived Violence Archive ekhankanywe ngokubanzi, egcinwe yinkampani engekho inzuzo, amabango ayekho ngaphezu kwama-350 "ukudubula amaninzi" e-United States ngo-2015. Eli qela lichaza "ukudubula amaninzi" njengesiganeko apho ubuncinane abantu abane babulawa okanye balimala, kubandakanywa nomenzi wobubi. Ngokutsho kwedata labo, abantu abangama-368 babulawa ngo-2015 "iziganeko zokudubula", ngelixa i-1,321 inobungozi.
Kuphi ukutshutshiswa kweM Mass kuyenzeka eMelika?
Kule minyaka edluleyo, iziganeko ezinkulu zokudubula zenzeke kwiindawo eziphezulu kakhulu zokubonakala ezazingakhange ziqwalaselwe iithagethi. Imiboniso yeefilimu, izitolo zokuthengisa, kunye nezikolo zonke zijoliswe kubahlaseli kwiminyaka embalwa edluleyo.
Ngokwe-National Consortium yeSifundo soBugcisa kunye neempendulo zoBugcisa (START) iDataire yeSigqeba soBugcisa beSizwe kwiYunivesithi yaseMaldan, iziganeko eziphambili zokubhukuda eMelika zijolise kubemi bezakhiwo kunye nepropati. Iziganeko ezingaphezu kwe-90 phakathi ko-1970 no-2014 ezibandakanya isibhamu esijoliswe ngabanye, esenza iziganeko ezithandwa kakhulu. Amashishini (njengemashishini ezorhwebo kunye neema-movie zecandelo leemidlalo) yayijoliswe kwinqanaba elithandwa kakhulu, kunye neziganeko ezingu-84 ngexesha lophando lweminyaka engama-44. Ukugqitywa kweziphumo ezihlanu eziphezulu zibandakanya amapolisa (iziganeko ezingama-63), iithagethi zikaRhulumente (iziganeko ezingama-24), kunye neziganeko zezopolitiko (iziganeko ezingama-21).
Nangona amaziko emfundo ayekho uluhlu, ezithoba kuphela ziinjongo zokuhlaselwa phakathi ko-1970 no-2014. Nangona kunjalo, abo babekwe kwizikolo babephakathi kwezona zifa kakhulu, njengoko u-START ubhala iColumbine High School ukudubula njengesihlaselo esibulalayo kwisethi yabo yedatha. Ukungabandakanywa yi-2012 Sandy Hook Elementary Shooting School, njengoko i-START ayifanelekanga kwi-database yabo.
Ukongeza, i-database ichaze iziganeko ezi-18 zokudubula ezijolise kwiiklinikhi zokukhipha isisu e-United States. Nangona u-2015 wabeka irekhodi yezibhamu ezifumaneka kwiindawo zokuhlola zokuThuthwa koThutho , zenzeke kuphela iziganeko zokudubula ezithandathu kwiinqwelo-moya. Ababhenkethi bajoliswe kwiziganeko ezine zokudubula.
I-United States ixhathisa njani ihlabathi ngokujongana neziganeko zokudubula?
Kwakhona, kunzima ukuthelekisa iUnited States namanye amazwe ukwenzela iziganeko zokudubula, ngenxa yemali engahambelaniyo yolwazi olukhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluninzi luye lunceda ekwakheni ingcamango yendlela kwaye ukuphosa kweentloko kwenzeka ntoni kwihlabathi.
Ukukhankanya uphando kwi-University of New York e-Oswego naseYunivesithi yaseTexas State, i -Wall Street Journal yagqiba ukuba kwakukho iziganeko ezingama-133 "zokudutshulwa kwabantu" e-United States phakathi kuka-2000 no-2014, ngaphantsi kwenani le " i-FBI ngexesha elifanayo.
Okubaluleke ngakumbi, inani lokuthungulwa kwamatye eUnited States lafunyanwa ngabaphandi lidlula zonke ezinye iindawo emhlabeni. IJamani yayisisizwe esiseduze kakhulu eMelika ngenxa yokudubula amaninzi, ngeziganeko ezintandathu ngexesha lophando. Eminye ihlabathi lonke lalingama-33 ukudubula amaninzi, kunye ne-United States ingaphezulu kwehlabathi ngokubanjelwa ngamanqaku amane ukuya komnye.
Nangona kunjalo, ukudubula okunokufa kwabantu abayi-100 000 kubemi akuzange kwenzeke eUnited States. Uphando lubonisa iNorway yafumana ukudubula ngokutsha, kunye nabantu aba-1.3 babulawa ngabantu abayi-100 000 ekuhlaselweni kwabo kuphela. IFinland neSwitzerland nayo yafumana ukudubula okubulalayo kubantu abayi-100 000 kunabantu baseUnited States, nangona babe neziganeko ezimbini kunye neyezinye, ngokulandelanayo.
Iinkcukacha eziqwalaselwe yiCandelo loLwazi lokuLawulwa koLwaphulo-mthetho, inhlangano engenzi nzuzo esekelwe eWashington, DC, ifumane imiphumo efanayo. Ngokuthelekisa iUnited States kunye neCanada kunye neYurophu yaseYurophu, iMelika ibe yinto yeshumi ekuhlaseleni kakhulu, kunye nabantu abangu -000 babulawa kwisigidi ngokubethwa kwabantu.
Xa kuthelekiswa nobunzima bemicimbi yokudubula ngokubanzi, abantu baseUnited States bahlula i-12 kwihlabathi kunye no -078 ukudubula ubuninzi kwisigidi esisodwa kubantu base-United States. Idatha yabo ibonisa ukuba iMakedonia, iAlbania neSerbia yafumana ukuphonywa kwabantu abaninzi kwisigidi esisodwa, ngasinye kwisigaba .28 iziganeko ezili-100,000.
Ndingayilungiselela Njani Ixesha Elixakekileyo Xa Ndihamba?
Ngaphambi kokuhamba uhambo olulandelayo, kukho ezininzi izinto abahambahambayo abanokuzenza ukuze bazilungiselele imeko ebi kakhulu. Okokuqala, abo bahamba phesheya kufuneka baqwalasele ukudala ikiti yokuqhubela phambili yokuhamba ukuhamba kunye nomthwalo wabo. Iqela eliqinileyo elinamandla liquka iikopi zamaphepha abalulekileyo ( kuquka iipassports ), iinombolo zokuqinisekisa ukuhamba, ulwazi lohambo, kunye neenombolo zoqhagamshelwano oluphuthumayo.
Okulandelayo, abo bashiya iUnited States kufuneka baqwalasele ukubhalisela iNkqubo yoBhaliso lwabaThuthi be-Smart (STEP). Nangona kukho iimeko ezininzi apho i-United States Embassy ayikwazi ukunceda abahambi , inkqubo ye-STEP ingabaqapheli abahambi ngexesha loxakeka, ivumela ukuba bathathe amanyathelo ukugcina ukhuseleko lwabo.
Ekugqibeleni, abahambi mabaqwalasele ukudala isicwangciso sokukhusela ngaphambi kokufika kwabo. Amagosa okuthotyelwa komthetho ancomela abo babanjwe ekuhlaselweni kufuneka balandele inkqubo yezinyathelo ezine: ukugijima, ukufihla okanye ukulwa, kwaye uxele. Ngokulandela le nkqubo, abo bafumana phakathi kwemeko banokunyusa amathuba abo okusinda.
Nangona akukho mntu ufanele abanjwe kwindawo yokuphila-okanye-yokufa, ukulungiselela ngaphambi kwexesha kunokuthetha umahluko phakathi kokusinda kunye nokuba yixhoba. Ngokuqonda ukuba kuphi na ukukhwabanisa kwamadoda amaninzi, abahambi bangakwazi ukuhlala bephapheme, kwaye bagcine isicwangciso sokhuseleko lwabantu ngaphandle kwanokuba bahamba phi.