Silk Road
I-Silk Road (okanye i-Sichou zhi lu atever綢之 路) igama eliqulunqwa ngasekupheleni kwe-19 leminyaka ngumfundi waseJamani ukuchaza iindlela zorhwebo ezidibanisa iMiddle East, i-Indiya yakudala kunye neMedithera ukuya eChina. Kwakungeyona enye indlela eyingqungquthela kodwa kunokuba inethiwekhi yeendlela kunye neendlela zaselwandle ezenza ukuhweba phakathi kwamandla.
Zhang Qian kunye nokuVulwa kweSilik Road
Ibali liqala ngeZhang Qian .
Lo mqhubi kunye nediplomat wathunyelwa nguHan Emperor Wudi ukwenza ubudlelwane nabantu baseYuezhi kunye no-Han owayenethemba lokuba unokudala ubudlelwane obufanayo ngokumelene nabahlaseli be-Xiongnu abanengxaki. I-Zhang Qian ayiphumelelanga kwidiplomacy kodwa ekuhambeni kwakhe (eyadlula ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi) wakwazi ukutshintshisa isilikhi okokuqala ngaphandle kweChina. Olu tshintsho lwadala indlala eNtshona ngenxa yesolika kwaye yatshintshe utshintshiselwano kwaye ithengise ngeendlela eza kuba yiSilik Road. Funda ibali elipheleleyo leZhang Qian kunye nokuVulwa kweNdlela yeSilikhi .
Silk Road Trade
Ukuqala ngexesha le-Han Dynasty (i-206BC-AD 220), isilikhi yayiyimveliso ebalulekileyo ekuthunyelwa esuka e-China kodwa kwakukho kule mizila eyahlukeneyo yezandla, ezobuchwepheshe kunye nezolimo. Ngokomzekelo, ubuBuddha basasazeka ngeChina ngokuhamba ngeSilik Road kwikota yokuqala. Kwakukho iindawo ezininzi ezihamba ngendlela ephela eCangan, kwisixeko-dolophu saseTang Dynasty (618-907) apho isixeko samanje saseTi'an sihleli khona.
Emva kobuNtshonalanga baseTang ukubaluleka kweNdlela yeSilk kwandipha ngandlela-thile njengoko kugxininiswa kwezorhwebo empuma kodwa iindlela zahlala zivulekile kwaye zibalulekile kwaye zibone ukubuyiswa kokubaluleka phantsi kweMongol Rule. Kwakukho kule mizila uMarco Polo eya eChina ngexesha leNkcubeko yaseYuan (1279-1368).
Njengoko i-Yuan Dynasty yayibambelele eChina, ukungahambelani kwimizila eyahlula ngokunyuka kwamazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendlela zaselwandle zorhwebo.
Ukubaluleka kweNdlela kaSilik kuyenqabe kakhulu emva kokuwa kweDolophu yaseYuan.
Ukuhamba Ngendlela Yelinen
Namhlanje, xa kukhankanywe ukuhamba kwe "Silk Road", kuqukumbela imifanekiso yeenkamela, iindawo zentlango kunye namafutha ohlaza. Uhambo oluhamba ngeSilik Road ngenye yehambo evuyisayo endinayo kumava e-China.
I-China Silk Road iquka indawo ukusuka namhlanje e-Xi'an, enyakatho ukuya eLanzhou kwiPhondo laseGansu , ngokusebenzisa i- Hexi Corridor ukuya e- Dunhuang uze emva kwe-Xinjiang apho indlela eyahlula ibe yindlela esenyakatho kunye nezantsi enqumla iDangla yaseTatlamakan ukuze ihlangane eKashgar . I-Silk Road yashiya [yintoni namhlanje] yaseTshayina yawela i-Pamir Intaba yentaba ePakistan nase-Afghanistan. Ukuthatha uhambo lwe-Silk uhambo lunokuba yindlela ekhangayo yokubona nokuqonda imbali yase-China yamandulo kunye nezibophelelo kunye nehlabathi lonke.
Ndenze iindwendwe ezininzi ngeChina yeSilk Road. Ngelixa ungeke ufumane iintente ezithintekayo kwi-caravanserai, kuninzi ukubona.
- Iindawo ezininzi ze-archaeological zigcinwe kakuhle kwaye zinikeza ubungcamango bobugcisa, ulwazi nolhwebo oluye lwaphucula iminyaka eyinkulungwane edlulileyo. Indawo ye-Mogao Grottoes eDunhuang mhlawumbi iyindawo ekhethekileyo yokubona ubugcisa bobuBuddha obudlulayo kwiinkulungwane.
- Imihlaba ejikeleze iNdlango yaseTatakakan kuquka ne- Yadan Geological Site isiza ukudibanisa imifanekiso yeenkamela zamagosa kwaye ikunike into enyanisekileyo yintoni abahwebi abajongene ngayo nesimo sezulu esinqabileyo esimele sijongane nayo.
- Kwaye uhambo oluya kwi- Hexi Corridor likuvumela ukuba uvelele edolophini ngedolophu yamandulo ukuyeka njengoko udlula phakathi kweentaba ezimbini ezivela eLanzhou ukuze ufike kumda weNtaba yaseGobi eDunhuang.
- I-Autonomous Region yase-Xinjiang ithatha izinto ezininzi ezidumileyo zeSilk Road. Ukuhamba ngeenxa zonke eKashgar, u-Urumqi kunye neTurpan kunokwenza umhambi we-Silk Road bajabule kakhulu.