Iingqonge - iBrithani inamakhulu. Leli gama lidibanisa umlingo, ubuhle kunye nefantasy. Kodwa yintoni eyona nto yayinqaba, ngokwenene? Qondisisa iilwimi kwaye uza kufumana umfanekiso.
Ama-Castles ahlakazeka kuyo yonke indawo e-England, eScotland naseWales ayengakhiwanga iindlovukazi (ngaphandle kokuba bebanjwe iboshwa). Beyindawo eyoyikisayo-yokuqala kunye neyona ndawo, iinqaba, ezenzelwe ukwesabisa nokulawula abantu basekuhlaleni (njengo- Edward I iinqaba zaseWales ) okanye ukuzikhusela.
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Abanye, njengeqonga elingenamagama kwidolophana yaseNorfolk yeChate Acre ayincinci ngaphezu kweenkunkuma okanye, njengeMaiden Castle , izilonda zomhlaba apho iindawo zokuhlala zimi khona. Abanye, njengeHarchch Castle okanye iCarenarvon, banemibhoshongo, iinqwelo, kunye neengxabano, kwaye zanele ukondla nayiphi na iphupha lomtshato.
Kodwa Kuthetha Kanjani Oku?
Xa u tyelela iinqaba, kukho imimiselo eminingi engacacanga malunga nokuba umntu uyazi ukuba bathetha ntoni. Uthetha ukuba awukwazi ukuba i- motte ne-bailey yintoni? Kwaye wacinga ukuba i- donjon yayiyinto efanayo ne-dungeon?
Ngaphandle kolwazi olusisiseko, ukutyelela inqaba enkulu yothando kunokubonakala ngathi yintonga ejikelezileyo. Kodwa, emva kokuba ufunde amagama ambalwa enqabileyo, konke kuyaqondakala. La magama abalulekileyo kunye neengqungquthela ziza kuthetha nawe "ngqongqelo" ngeyona nto ibhetele kwaye ungayiqondi indlela ezi zinto zisebenza ngayo.
- UMotte noBaley - Iinqaba zokuqala zenziwe ngamatye kwaye zifakwa kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngokwemvelo okanye kumntu omkhulu, umntu wenza izigulana. Le ndonda yayibizwa ngokuba yi- motte . Kwakuqhelekileyo lijikelezwe ngodonga kunye nesithuba somgangatho wangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwodonga lwamatye okanye i- palisade (ifowuni eyenziwe ngamatye ahlambulukileyo, ekugqibeleni isiphelo). Loo mgangatho wendawo wawuyi-bailey. Ngamanye amaxesha udonga olujikelezile lwabizwa ngokuba yi-bailey. Nangona kungekho i-motte ecocekileyo kunye neentaba ze-bailey ezishiyekileyo, kukho ubungqina obuninzi babo. Inqaba yokujikeleza eneempawu, i- Windsor Castle eyona nto iqhelekileyo, ihlala kwi-motte yasekuqaleni yase-castle, i-50 ft mound eyenziweyo eyenziwe ngesikhephe esitshiweyo emgodini ojikeleze kuyo.
- IWadi - Kwiindawo ezinqabileyo ezinkulu ezifana ne-Windsor, kunye ne-bailey engaphezulu kweyodwa okanye ekhuselekileyo inkundla ejikelezwe udonga, indawo nganye iya kuthiwa yiwadi. Xa u tyelela inqaba, ungabona iindawo ezichazwe njengewadi eliphezulu kunye ne-ward ephantsi, umzekelo. Oku kusenokwenza okuncinci nokuphakama kwawo komzimba kodwa unokuchaza indlela esondele okanye ekude ngayo ngokumalunga ne- castle.
- Isiseko - Ndandisoloko ndicinga ukuba i-bastion yayisinye igama elikhuselekileyo. Kodwa xa uthetha "inqaba", isiseko sisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ngokucacileyo iinqaba, ezijikeleziweyo okanye ezengqungquthela, kwinqanaba leendonga ezimbini. Abaculi bavame ukuma kwindawo yokucima iinqununu okanye iindawo zokungcebeleka apho bazokukhusela khona yonke inqaba.
- I-Keep - Le yindawo yokuhlala eqhotyoshelweyo eyona nto inamandla kunqabeni. Inokuthi ibekwe phakathi kwe-baily yinqaba okanye kwindawo ephakamileyo ejongene nayo kodwa kuyo yonke indawo ekugcinwa ngayo kuyo, yonyulwa ngenxa yokuba yindawo evikeleke kakhulu. Kwimfazwe, ukuba igcina iwa, inqaba ithathwe. E-Orford Castle, eyakhiwe ngekhulu le-12, zonke eziseleyo zigcina.
- Iinqonga zaseDonjon - e-Norman, ukugcinwa kwakuthiwa yi- donjon - kungekhona isigxina kuzo zonke, kodwa indawo yokuhlala nokukhusela. Kwakhona inqaba enkulu phakathi kweendonga zeenqaba.
- I-Barbican - Le yinto yokugqibela yokukhusela i-castle. Ukuba abahlaseli banokukwazi ukungena emasangweni enqaba baya kunyanzelwa ukuba balwe ngendlela yabo ukuya kugcinwe kwinqanaba elixubileyo elidibene neendonga eziphakamileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-barbican. Emva kokuba imikhosi yeentshaba ingene kwi-barbican, iyakunconywa ukusuka phezulu ngeentolo, ioli kunye nezinye izixhobo xa ihlaselwa yimimqobo eyahlukahlukeneyo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba i-barbican yayiyinkqubo yesithintelo -Iziko leBarbican laseLondon yenye yezona ndawo zidibanisa kwaye zingenakunceda ukuhamba kwiSixeko.
- Wall Curtain - Lona udonga olukhuselayo olujikeleze i- bailey . Kungaba lulo udonga oludibanisa iziseko okanye iinqaba, ukuba ezi zihlukileyo ukusuka ekuzigcineni. Iinqaba ezinkulu zazihlala zineendonga ezimbini zelitye-udonga olungaphandle olufuneka luphulwe ngaphambi kokuba udonga lwangaphakathi lwengqongqelo, olukhuselekiswe ngamacandelo, luya kuhlaselwa.
- I-Solar - Le yayiyimigangatho yabucala yentsapho yeNkosi. Inqaba enkulu yayiza kuba neHholo elikhulu kumgangatho ophantsi ovulekileyo kuwo onke amalungu endlu. Indawo yokuhlala yeendwendwe inokuthi ibekwe kwiindonga zeendonga eziphuma kule holo kunye nosuku nosuku, iingxoxo zezopolitiko kunye neengqungquthela zenqaba zenzeke apha. Yayiza kuthiwa yachazwa kamva ngokuthi "inkundla." I-Solar, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yayingaphantsi komgangatho wehlabathi kwaye yayingendawo yokuhlala yangasese nelala zokulala kwintsapho. Igama elanga, ngendlela, ayinanto enxulumene nelanga. Kwakukho, ngokwenene, evela kwi-Norman French eyedwa, yedwa .
- I-Oubliette - iinqaba zaseMedieval zazingenakunqwenela ukuba zibekho emangcwabeni amanga kuba ukugcina amabanjwa kwakungavamile. Unokuba ukhululekile kakhulu ukubulawa okanye ukuthunjwa ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho kunokuba uvalelwe entolongweni yeNkosi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kwakudingeka ukufihla umntu kude-mhlawumbi ngonaphakade. Ngaloo ndlela, banokuphonswa kwi- Oubliette , umgodi ojulile, ngokuqhelekileyo ephantsi kwe-bastion kwaye bafikelele kwisango lomgibe kuphela. Ngamanye amaxesha i-oubliette yayiphezulu kwinqaba kangangokuba intolongo yayinokuva nokuvumba ubomi obujikelezileyo kodwa ayikho indlela yokusinda. Igama elithi oubliette livela kwisiFrentshi kwindawo ekhohliweyo . Yayisetyenziselwa ngaphezu kwesigwebo kodwa njengento yokuhlushwa. Intolongo yaphonswa yashiywa yaza yafa.
- I-Garderobe - Kwaye abantu base-Middle Ages basebenzise iifommsms zangasese. Ayikho i- garderobe ayikho indawo apho izambatho zagcinwa khona, nangona oko kuthetha ukuba igama lesiFrentshi lithetha. Kwakuyi-privo, loo, i-jakes, i-john, indlu yangasese. Igama mhlawumbi lenze ukusetyenziswa kweBrithani kwegama elithi WC okanye i-closet yamanzi kwi-lavatory, kunye (kunye noBritish) ukusetyenziswa kwamagama egumbi le-cloak ukuchaza i-downstairs loo. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanzi, kusenokuba nengqiqo ukubeka le ndawo ebalulekileyo, igumbi elisebenzayo kwindawo ethile ngaphandle. Kodwa njengoko ndithethile ekuqaleni kwesi siqwenga, inqaba yayikuqala, eyona nto ibalulekileyo, inqaba yezempi. Kwaba nengqiqo ukuba iiklabhu zihlale zikhuselekileyo xa zenza imisebenzi yomzimba esengozini. I-garderobe yayivame ukufumaneka kwindawo enye yeendonga okanye ngaphakathi kwodonga oluqingqiweyo lwengqungquthela kwaye ihlukaniswe kwamanye amagumbi nge-chicane njengelungiselelo lweendonga. Igumbi lalinamahlumela - ukuba ngaba abakhonzi banethamsanqa-batshayelwa emlanjeni okanye emanzini. Ukuba bekungenakunqatha, omnye wabakhonzi beenqaba babeza kuba nomsebenzi wokukhupha i-falls.