Iindawo eziPhambili ze-Mayan kwi-Central America

AmaMaya aseMentral America ayenomnye wemiphakathi yamandulo yehlabathi. Yayinamakhulu amakhulu amakhulu kunye nesityebi esasazeka ngaphaya kweMexico, eGuatemala, eBelize, e-El Salvador naseNtshona-ntshona eHonduras.

Phakathi ko-250-900 CE, impucuko yamaMaya yayisephambili. Kwakuye ngeli thuba apho amadolophu amaninzi kunye namacwecwe ayakhiwa ngenxa yentuthuko yabo ekwakheni. Kwakhona kwangexesha eli xesha amaMeya enza iimpapasho zembali kwimimandla njenge-astronomy.

Ekupheleni kwelo xesha kwaye amaziko amakhulu aseMeya aqala ukuhla kwezinto ezingaziwayo kwiimbali-zembali kunye nososayensi. Ukuhla kwehla kwabangela ukushiywa kwezixeko ezinkulu. Ngelo xesha iSpeyin lalifumene ummandla, iiMeya zahlala zihlala kwiidolophana ezincinci, ezinamandla. Inkcubeko kunye nolwazi lwamaMeya lwalukwimeko yokulahleka.

Uninzi lweedolophu zakudala zafunwa lihlathi njengoko ixesha lidlulileyo, ekugqibeleni lugcina izakhiwo ezininzi ezifunyenweyo. Nangona kukho amakhulu eendawo zakudala zaseMexico eMzantsi Melika, nantsi ezinye zeentando zethu.

• 01 ngo-15

  Xunantunich (eBelize)

  I-Xunantunich itholakala kwisithili saseCayo kufuphi nomda waseGuatemala. Kwakuba kubekho isikhungo somkhosi ukusuka kwiklasi yokugqibela. Igama layo, elithetha "umfazi oyitye," libhekisela kumoya wesifazane othiwa uhlala kule ndawo ukususela ekuqaleni kwawo-1890.

  I-Xunantunich inama-plazas ezintandathu kunye neendonga ezingama-25. Kuqwalaselwa njengesiqalo sesibini esibalulekileyo kuMeyi emva kweCarolol.

  Iyaziwayo phakathi kweendwendwe ngenxa yobuhle bayo kwaye inemyuziyam encinci apho ungafunda khona kakhulu ngembali yayo.

• 02 we-15

  Cuello (eBelize)

  Le ndawo yezinto zakudala ihlala ngasenyakatho yeBelize. Yintoni eyenza iyingqayizivele kukuba unokwazi ukubona apho iindawo zokuhlala zihlala khona. Kukho nxalenye yesakhiwo esasetyenziselwa ukuhlamba i-steam ecinga ukuba ivela kwi-900 BCE Iindawo zokungcwaba ziye zanikela i-archaeologists umfanekiso olungcono wobuMeya ngobuncwane obufana ne-ceramics.

  Isayithi ikhona kumhlaba wangasese kodwa intsapho ivumela iindwendwe ukuba zihlole indawo.

• 03 we-15

  ICaracol (eBelize)

  ICaracol iphinda ibekwe kwisithili saseCayo ngaphakathi kwe-Forest Reserve ye-Chiquibul, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-40 ukusuka kwi-Xunantunich. Kwakuba yinye yezona zibalulekileyo zezopolitiko xa ziphantsi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo.

  Ngaphandle kokuba ibe yindawo enkulu yaseMeyi eBelize, iqulethe izakhiwo ezinkulu zelizwe. Kuye kwagqitywa amatye angaphezu kwama-70 kwaye inani elingu-hieroglyphs lingafunyanwanga, okwenza libe yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kubavubukuli.

• 04 we-15

  Cerro Maya (eBelize)

  Isixeko saseCroro Maya njengendawo ebalulekileyo yokuhweba kwezinye iidolophu zommandla. Esi sixeko sasicinga ukuba sisekupheleni kwexesha langaphambili. Uya kuyifumana kwindawo enxweme esenyakatho yaseBelize. Ukuze ufike apho, unokuhamba ngesikebhe okanye kwimoto. Ukuhamba ngeemoto kunika amava ahlukeneyo ngeembono ezintle.

  Unako ukunyuka waya phezulu kweso sakhiwo sakhe esona side kwaye ufumane umbono omkhulu kwiCaribbean.

• 05 we-15

  Lamanai (eBelize)

  Uya kufumana uLamanai kwingingqi esenyakatho yaseBelize kwisiGqeba sase-Orange Walk. Yintoni eyenza le ndawo iyingqayizivele yinto yokuba yayiyinye yemizi yaseMeya eyayikelwe ixesha elide. Yakhelwe kwixesha langaphambi kweklasi kwaye yayiyindawo ephazamisayo xa amaSpanish efika. Leyo malunga neyesithathu zeminyaka yokuhlala eMeya.

• 06 we-15

  Altun Ha (eBelize)

  Isayithi lesiMeyi sisekho nenyakatho yeBelize, kufuphi neBelize City kunye neLwandle lwaseCaribbean. Ngaphambi kokuba i-archaeologists iqalise ukuyinyamekela, amanye amatye avela kwizakhiwo ayetyenziswe ngabemi ukuba bakhe amakhaya abo.

  Isakhiwo esona side kunazo zonke kwiindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi (iTempile yee-altars zamasonta) zibonakala kwi logo yebhiya yasekhaya. Esi siza esincinci sigqibelele ukutyelela kamsinya.

• 07 we-15

  Tikal (Guatemala)

  I-Tikal yayisakuba ngumzi omkhulu. Abaninzi bacinga ukuba yiyona ndlela inamandla kunabo bonke kwiidolophu zaseMeya. Indawo inkulu. Ukuba ufuna ngokwenene ukuhlola konke okufuneka ukunikeze, kufuneka uchithe uluhlu ngobusuku obuye okanye ubuyele ngosuku olulandelayo.

  Ukuba unomhla owodwa, qiniseka ukuba uye kwi-plaza ye-iconic enkulu kwaye wenze indlela yakho kwiNdlu ye-4. Esi sisakhiwo esona side kakhulu kwindawo yonke kwaye sinikeza imibono emangalisayo.

  Le ndawo iyaziwa ngokuba yizilwanyana zasendle ukusuka kwiinkwenkwe ukuya kwii-turkeys zasendle. Abo bachitha ubusuku banokubona ezinye iigagu ebusuku.

• 08 we-15

  Yaxhá (Guatemala)

  I-Yaxhá isetyenziselwa ukuba ibe sisiko lesiganeko kwaye iphakathi kwamatye amabini. Kucingwa njengenye yeemfihlelo ezigcinwe kakuhle kwilizwe leMeya. Uqinisekisiwe ukuba akukho zihlwele xa uhlola indlu yaseburhulumenteni, ubunzima beenkwenkwezi kunye nezitalato zayo ezinqabileyo.

  I-Yaxhá iqulethe izakhiwo ezingaphezu kwama-500, i-stelae ezingama-40, i-13 kunye neepramidi ezithoba.

• 09 we-15

  El Mirador (Guatemala)

  U-El Mirador kwakukho isixeko esithatha isithsaba saseThikal njengesixeko esikhulu seMeya esifumene. Kwakhona kwikhaya enye yeepiramidi ezinkulu kwihlabathi elakhiweyo ngamaxesha amandulo.

  Indawo yafunyanwa kuphela kwiminyaka eminci edlulileyo. Inkulu kakhulu kwaye ingcwatyelwe kakhulu ehlathini apho kungekho naso isiseko sokuxhasa ukhenketho. Ukuze ufike khona, kufuneka uthathe uhambo lweentsuku ezintlanu e-jungle okanye ufumane i-helicopter. Ngombulelo, iindwendwe ziyakwamkela ekampini apho ukwenza uhambo oluxabiseke kakhulu kubantu abathandana nokulala ebusweni obungaphandle.

• 10 we-15

  Takalik Abaj (Guatemala)

  Uya kufumana i-Takalik Abaj eningizimu yeGuatemala kwiSebe laseRalaluu. I-Takalik Abaj yayiyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwizorhwebo ngexesha lexesha eliphambili kunye neklasiki. Ngezihlandlo zanamhlanje, kwaziwa njengesiza esiye savelisa inani elikhulu lemifanekiso yamandulo kunye nomsebenzi waseGuatemala kwaye iqulethe inkqubo ye-hydraulic edibanisa uhlobo lwe-sauna ye-sauna.

• 11 we-15

  Iximche (Guatemala)

  Iximche iyinkqantosi encinci esezintabeni zaseGuatemala. Ngelixa lingahambelani njengabafana balo abakhulu, indawo yalo inika iimbono ezimangalisayo zeentaba ezijikelezile.

  Ngexesha leMean, i-Iximche yayinqaba phezulu kwintaba eyayingabonakali kwada kwafika amaSpanish. Emva kokuba inqobile, yaguqulwa yaba yipropati yokuqala yaseGuatemala kunye nayo yonke iPentral America.

  Ukuba uhamba yonke indlela ukuya ngasemva uya kufumana isibingelelo esasetyenziswa ngamaMeya anamhlanje kwimigangatho yawo.

• 12 kwi-15

  Quirigua (Guatemala)

  I-Quirigua ikhona kwiSebe le-Izabal. Akuyona enye yezona ndawo zikhulu. Kwakukuphakamileyo kweso siklasi kwaye kwakuyeyona nto ibalulekileyo yesikhungo semikhosi kunye nesorhwebo. Yintoni eyenza iyingqayizivele kwaye ibalulekile kukuba kukho izibhalo ezininzi ezibhaliweyo phezu kwezinye i-stelae ede kakhulu kwihlabathi elitsha.

• 13 we-15

  UJoya de Cerén (El Salvador)

  Uya kufumana u-Joya de Cerén kwingingqi ephakathi kwe-El Salvador. Kwakuyidolophu yezolimo eyayinabantu abangama-200 kuphela. Yashiywe ngenxa yokuphuphuma kweLaguna Caldera.

  Le yindawo engundoqo kakhulu yeMeya kuba yenye yezinto ezimbalwa ezibonisa ukuba iiklasi eziphantsi zihlala phi. Azikho iindonga ezinkulu okanye amakhaya ase-elite. Endaweni yoko, ufumana amakhaya amancinci anezakhiwo ezintathu okanye ezine ezisebenzela njengamakamelo, iikhikhini okanye i-saunas.

• 14 we-15

  Tazumal (El Salvador)

  I-Tazumal itholakala kwi-Santa Ana Isebe lase-El Salvador. Kuloo ndawo kunye nezinye izingosi kwaye zahlala zingaphantsi kwekhulu leminyaka. UTazumal ubonisa indlela eyinkqubela ngayo impucuko yeMeya yaba neetempile zabo ezinkulu kunye namanzi.

  Izakhiwo apha azikho nje iMeya, nangona kunjalo. Abantu basezidolophini baphenjelelwa yiCopán kunye neToltec kwaye kubonisa ukwakhiwa kwazo, okwenza kube yinto edibeneyo.

  Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo, qiniseka ukubona ezinye i-stelae kunye nambalwa amangcwaba afumaneke kuwo.

• 15 we-15

  ICopan (iHonduras)

  ICopan isentshonalanga yeHonduras ithandwa kakhulu kubahambi kwaye kubalulekile kwizenzululwazi. Kwaye kunjalo. Iitoni kunye neetoni zeemifanekiso, ubugcisa, imifanekiso, kunye nemihlobiso zifunyenwe kuyo. Bonke bancede bahlaziye imbali yale dolophu.

  Le ngenye yezona zixeko ezinamandla kunommandla waseMaya osemazantsi kodwa ekugqibeleni wahlulwa yi-Quirigua.