Iipapu ze-Zapotec zeboya zenye yezona zinto zithandwa ngezandla zokuthenga eMexico. Uya kubafumana bathengiswa kwiivenkile kulo lonke elaseMexico nangaphandle kwelizwe, kodwa indawo efanelekileyo yokuyithenga e-Oaxaca, apho unga tyelela iiklasi zokuhlala ekhaya uze ubone yonke imisebenzi enzima eyenza ukudala ezi imisebenzi yobugcisa. Uninzi lweembhobho ze-Oaxacan kunye nama-tapestries zenziwe eTeotitlan del Valle, idolophana elingama-30 km ecaleni kweSixeko sase-Oaxaca .
Leli dolophu elingu-5000 abemi lifumene ngokufanelekileyo udumo lwehlabathi lonke ngokuveliswa kweembhokhwe zeeboya kunye neettopi.
Kukho ezinye iidolophana ezimbalwa e-Oaxaca, njengeSanta Ana del Valle. Ababhenkethi ku-Oaxaca abanomdla wokutyelela abakhi beefowuni kunye nokuthengwa kwemigqomo kufuneka ba tyelele kule mizana ukuze babone indlela yokwenza umbhobho kuqala. Uninzi lwabemi balaba baseZapotec bathetha ulwimi lwaseZapotec kunye neSpeyin, kwaye baye bagcina amasiko abo kunye nemikhosi.
Imbali ye-Zapotec Weaving
Idolophana yaseTeotitlan del Valle inesiko elide elide elibuyela kumaxesha e-Prehispanic. Kuyaziwa ukuba abantu baseZapotec baseTeotitlan bahlawula iAztec kwimpahla eboshweyo, nangona ukukhanda kweso sihlandlo kwakuhluke kakhulu namhlanje. Kwamandulo yaseMerika kwakungenayo izimvu, ngoko ke ayikho iboya; Uninzi lweentambo zenziwe ngekotoni. Izixhobo zorhwebo nazo zahluke kakhulu, njengoko kwakungekho zivili ezijikelezayo okanye ilayiti ehamba phambili kwiMesoamerica yamandulo .
Uninzi lwazo lwaluqhutywe kwi-backstrap loom, esasetyenziswa namhlanje kwezinye iindawo.
Xa kufika amaSpain, inkqubo yokugaya iguqulwa. AbaseSpeyin bazisa iigusha, ngoko ke iingubo zenziwa ngeboya, ivili elijikelezayo lavumela ukuba intambo iqhutywe ngokukhawuleza kwaye i-roller loom yavunyelwa ukudala iziqwenga ezinkulu kunokuba zenzeke kwi-backomrap loom.
Inkqubo
Uninzi lweembombo zeZapotec zenziwe ngeboya, nge-cotp warp, nangona ezinye iimbombo zisetyenziswe ngezinye izihlandlo. Kukho ezinye iindawo ezikhethekileyo eziboshwe ngelikalika. Abanye abacebisi baye bazama ukongezwa kweentsiba kwimigqomo yabo yeboya, kubandakanye iindlela ezithile zamandulo.
Abanxibi beTeotitlan del Valle bathenga uboya kwiimarike. Iigusha ziphakanyisiwe phezulu ezintabeni, kwindawo ye-Mixteca Alta, apho amaqondo okushisa aqina kwaye uboya bukhula. Bahlamba uboya ngeengcambu ezibizwa ngokuba yi- amole (isepha okanye isephaphu), insipho yemvelo enomsindo kakhulu kwaye, ngokubhekiselele kubaluki bendawo, isebenza njenge-insecticide yangokwemvelo, igcina izilokazane.
Xa uboya buhlambulukile kwaye bubomile, lukhawulwe ngesandla, kwaye luhlwaywe ngevili elijikelezayo. Emva koko idayiwe.
Dyes zemvelo
Ngama-1970 kwakukho ukubuyela ekusebenziseni imibala yemvelo yokufa kweboya. Ezinye zeemithombo zityalo zizisebenzisa ziquka i-marigolds ephuzi kunye ne-orange, i-lichen for green, iifake ze-pecan ze-brown, kunye ne-mesquite ebomnyama. Ezi zilapha ngaphakathi. Imibala ethengiweyo ibandakanya i-cochineal for reds kunye ne-purples kunye ne-indigo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-cochineal ithathwa njengombala obaluleke kakhulu.
Inika iintlobo zeetoni zee-reds, purples, kunye nama-oranges. le dayi yayixabiseke kakhulu kumaxesha ekoloni xa bekucingwa "igolide elibomvu" kwaye yathunyelwa eYurophu apho ngaphambili kwakungenayo idayi ebomvu ngokusisigxina, ngoko kwakuxabiseke kakhulu. Kusetshenziselwa ukutsala imibala yombutho waseBrithani "i-Redcoats". Kamva esetyenziselwa izimonyo kunye nombala wokutya. Kwimihla yekoloniyali, yayisetyenziselwa kakhulu iingubo zokufa. Waxhaswa ngamabandla eOaxaca afana ne- Santo Domingo .
Iimpawu
Imiklamo yendabuko isekelwe kumaphetheni asePalaniya, njenge "grecas" iipokethi zejometri kwiindawo zaseMitla zezinto zakudala, kunye nedayimani yaseZapotec. Kuye kufumaneka iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zemihlaba, kuquka ukuveliswa kwemisebenzi yobugcisa ngabaculi abadumileyo njengoGeorge Rivera, uFrida Kahlo, kunye nokunye.
Ukuqulunqwa koMgangatho
Ukuba ukhangele ukuthenga i-Zapotec yoboya bombhoxo, kufuneka uhlale ukhumbule ukuba umgangatho wemigqomo uhluka ngokubanzi. Ixabiso alisekelwe nje kuphela kubukhulu, kodwa kwakhona luyinkimbinkimbi yoyilo kunye nomgangatho wonke wecandelo. Kunzima ukuxelela ukuba umbhoxo ukhankanywe ngamadayimveli engokwemveli okanye amanyeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iilisi zokwenza izinto zivelisa ngakumbi izitoni. Umbhoxo kufuneka ube neengcingo ezingama-20 nge intshi, kodwa i-tapestries ephezulu kakhulu iya kuba neyona. Ubunzima be-weave buqinisekisa ukuba umbhoxo uya kugcina ukuma kwawo ngexesha. Umgangatho womgangatho omhle kufuneka uhlale uphantsi kwaye ube nemigca echanekileyo.