Igama le-buzz ekupheleni kwee-1990
I-Celtic Tiger - ingqumbo yakhe ayidla ngokuvalelwa kwiminyaka yamuva nje, kwaye ininzi yase-Ireland ikholelwa ukuba le nyamakazi isondele. Kodwa khumbula ukuba asikhulumi ngento yinyani, inyama kunye negazi, isilwanyana apha. Kuphela bekube yileyibhile, ingcamango ye-nebulous, kunye ne-battle cry cry of growth unbridled. I-Celtic Tiger (i-Irish yayiya kuba " i-TÃogar Ceilteach ", nangona ingaqhelekanga kusetyenziswe) lixesha lokubaluleka kwezoqoqosho olukhulayo (ikakhulukazi) kwiRiphabhuliki yase-Ireland kwiminyaka ukususela ngo-1995 ukuya ku-2000.
Le nto yayiyixesha elingakaze lifikelele ekukhuleni kwezoqoqosho - ngokugqithiseleyo kuziswa ngokutyalomali ngokuthe ngqo kwamanye amazwe kunye nokufuduka kwamanye amazwe kwiIreland njengento ephantsi kweendleko zokukhonza i-EMEA (iYurophu-eMiddle East-Afrika). Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokutshala imali e-Ireland yayingekho umgaqo osemthethweni "wabasebenzi abasebenza kakhulu" (amaninzi amatsha amashishini abonisa ipesenteji ephezulu kakhulu kwabangaphandle), kodwa inqanaba lentlawulo ephantsi, irhafu kunye nokukhuthaza utyalo-mali, kunye nethuba lokubandakanya "kwi-accounting accounting", okwandisa ukukhutshwa kwentlawulo kwi-Byzantine (kodwa esemthethweni) ilungiselelo leenkampani ezisebenzisanayo.
Indlela i-Celtic Tiger yazalwa ngayo
Ngethuba leminyaka yesibini yesigama se-1990s, uqoqosho lwase-Ireland lwandise izinga elingama-9.4% (phakathi kuka-1995 no-2000). Emva kweemeko ezinobungozi (inyawo kunye nesifo somlomo esonakalisayo kwezolimo zase-Ireland kunye nokukhenketho, ukuqhuma kwe-9/11 ukuhlaselwa, kunye nokuphuhliswa kwamazwe ngamazwe alandelayo), i-boom yahlutha ngo-2002, kodwa ngokubanzi iqhubeka nenqanaba lokukhula eliphakathi kwama-5.9%.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe ixesha lokukhula kwangempela, ngokukodwa ngenxa yezobuchwepheshe ezixhomekeke kumazwe angaphandle kunye namacandelo okuxuba. Emva koko, emva kokuxhamla, i-Celtic Tiger yaqala ukunyusa kwioli eqokelelwayo: okubizwa ngokuba yi "bubble period" yafika, kunye (ngokukodwa) kwintengo yokunyuka kwempahla eyenza ixabiso lentengo ephakamileyo yemali yengeniso yentengiselwano, eyabangela amazinga angabonakaliyo yenziwe ngokusemthethweni "ubutyebi obunokwenzeka" kunye neentyala ezikhulayo - ngokufutshane, icebo elikhulu lePonzi.
Ngeli xesha, utshintsho oluphawulekayo lwachaphazela uluntu waseIreland: i-Ireland ngaphambi kokuba i-Celtic Tiger ibe yenye yezona zihlupheke kakhulu eYurophu yaseNtshona-kuphela ukuba ibe ngu-(ubusuku obungaphezu kwebusuku) enye yezona zicebile. Ngemali yokulondoloza. Inkcitho yokusetyenziswa koluntu (ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezibonakalayo eziphezulu ezingenaso into ebonakalayo, nangona zibonelelo ezisisiseko ezifana necandelo lempilo linyanzelwanga), ukunciphisa irhafu yonyaka, kunye nokunciphisa kwezemali ngokubanzi kwexesha. Imali engenayo eyayilahlekelwa yimizi yavela kwizinga elingabonakaliyo kunye namazinga okungalindelekanga, okukhokelela ekunyuseni ngokukhawuleza kwindleko zabathengi, ngeeholide zakwamanye amazwe, izinto zokuzonwabisa ezithambileyo, izinto zokunethezeka (iIreland enezinga eliphezulu lalingama-helicopter ezizimele ngaphandle kwe-USA ngelo xesha) kunye. .. izicwangciso zepropati. Ngomhla ka-2007 iintengiso zomsakazo zibandakanya izibini ezitshatileyo ezicwangcisa ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi emva kwe-million-million yepropthifo yepropati eneminyaka engama-45 ubudala. Iphothifoliyo eyakhiwe ngemali ye-mortgages eyi-110% ...
Nangona ikhefu phakathi kwemindeni ephezulu kunye neyona ephantsi kakhulu ingenwe, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kwabangelwa kwi-18% (i-1980) ukuya kwi-4.5% (ngo-2007, nangona emva kokunyuka kwabantu abaninzi abavela kwiMpuma Yurophu). Umyinge wemivuzo yemveliso yanda, kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso (5% ngonyaka ).
Konke oku kudibanisa ukunyusa amaxabiso ase-Irish ukuya kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunamazwe angamaxabiso angamaRordic amaninzi , kwiirhafu ezifana ne-UK.
Ukufa kweFeline
Ngo-2008 i-Celtic Tiger yafa, ngokubhekiselele kurhulumente wolu suku ngokukhawuleza nangalindelekanga, ngokweengcali ezincinci zenkwenkwezi emva kokugula okude kunye nokuphela ... kunye neyehlabathi lonke, i-Ireland yahlaselwa. I-GDP ithathwe nge-14% kunye namazinga okungaqeshwanga aphakama ukuya kuma-14%, kunye nokufuduka kwabantu ngenxa yokungahambi kwamathuba. I-Ireland yayibalwa phakathi kwe-PIGS okanye i-PIIGS (amazwe aseYurophu anamaTyala ePortugal, eIreland, eItali, eGrisi naseSpain). Kwaye ihlazo elibuhlungu ngelo xesha kwakungukuthi umahluko phakathi kwe-Iceland ne-Ireland "yileta enye kunye neenyanga ezintathu" .. kuphela ngokufumana uncedo olunzulu oluvela kwimithombo engaphandle, u-state ungagcinwa ...
Ekupheleni kuka-2013 i-Irland iphinda ikwazi ukuzimela ngokwezimali ngokwemali enkulu, kodwa iBhajethi yase-Ireland ngo-2014 yayisabelomali-mali (kunye nolwabiwo-mali olulandelayo alukwenkcenkcesha umthwalo), kwaye ukuhlaziywa ngokuphumelelayo kwe-Celtic Tiger akunakwenzeka.
I-Inteliti yeCeltic Tiger Cubs
Isizukulwana esizalwe kule meko yezemicimbi (okanye ubuncinci ukufikelela ngexesha) ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa yi "Celtic Tiger Cubs". I-blank blanket for the generation of Irish born in the late 1980s and 1990s, eziphakanyiswe ngexesha elingakaze lifikelele. Yiyo, ngokwayo, ayiphutha - ikhefu phakathi kwabazuzi abaphezulu kunye nabanamkeli abaphantsi bavakala kakhulu ngexesha le-Celtic Tiger, kwaye abo bahlala kwiimeko ezingalindelekanga abazange bazifumene kakuhle. Ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo "I-Celtic Tiger Cubs" kufuneka ibhekisele kulabo abazalelwe okungenani "kwimigangatho ephakathi", njengoko kuchazwa yimali engenayo ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye.
I-Celtic Tiger Cubs ibonwa njengesizukulwana "ngaphandle", mhlawumbi "isizukulwana esilahlekileyo". Emva kokuba bekhulile kunye neengqiqo ezinamandla, amalungelo amaninzi alindelekileyo kunye nokunqula ukuthengwa kwabantu. Ngenxa yokungenazo (amava) amaxesha "anzima" (umxholo owawukho kuphela kwiibali ezivela kwizizukulwana ezangezizukulwana), babethwa ngophuhliso lwezoqoqosho njenge-fawn ngesitimela esheshayo.
Inombolo ephezulu yeCeltic Tiger Cubs iphinde ishiywe iindlela eziqhelekileyo zemisebenzi yokufumana imali ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwemfundo efanelekileyo-ekhokelela kwinani eliphezulu labasebenzi abangenazo izakhono zokuthengisa. Kwesinye isiqhelo, abagqibeleleyo "abane-junk degrees" baninzi. Njengoko i-Celtic Tiger igxila kwiimbali zaseIreland , ngokunjalo izazo zakhe ...