Funda zonke ezo mabali emva kwe-scenes
Iimyuziyam zonke zinemfihlelo yazo nokuba zifakwe kwiindawo ezikhutshweyo okanye ziboniswe ngokucacileyo ukuba ubani abone. Ezi ncwadi ezili-10 zingena ngaphakathi nangemva kwemifanekiso yamanyuziyam ukuba zihlolisise indlela uqokelelwe ngayo ubugcisa, into eyebiweyo, yiyiphi i-museum yechungechunge eye yavezwa, kunye neyiphi iqoqo leemyuziyam ezibhekisela kubabhali beembali kunye nabalobi namhlanje. Ezi ncwadi ziza kuhamba njengezinto ezihambelanayo kunye neemyuziyamu ongazi kakuhle kwaye unika ingqiqo enomdla kwiimyuziyamu ongaziqwalasele.
01 ngo-10
Oku kufundwe ngamanzi ngokuqokelela kunye nabaqondisi abaye babutha enye yezona zinto ziqokelele kakhulu kwezobugcisa ukususela ngo-1870. Inani elincinci lophando liye kwindali nganye kwaye abaninzi abafundi baya kuyimangalisa. Igalaji yegalaji iphinde ihluthe i-anecdotes njengendlela intsapho yaseRochefoucauld ithengisa ngayo i- Unicorn Tapestries kuYohn D. Rockefeller, Jr ukuze bakwazi ukufumana imali efunekayo yokwakha igumbi legalufa elincinane. Kubathandi bezobugcisa abazi i-Metropolitan Museum of Art kakuhle, le ncwadi yincwadi evuyisayo esuka kwiphepha ukuya kwi-cover.
Igalaji yeGogues: Ibali elifihlakeleyo lokuLuthisa, ukuxoka, ukunyuka, kunye neentengiso ezenza iMyuziyam yaseMetropolitan Museum
NguMichael Gross
Broadway Books
02 ngo 10
Inkulu enkulu yolondolozo lwemyuziyam kunye nemfihlakalo evulekileyo ihlala iphanga i-Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum eBoston.
Ukuthatha njengamapolisa, amadoda amabini angena kwiimyuziyam phambi kobusuku ngo-Matshi 18, ngo-1990. Bahamba kunye nemisebenzi elinesibini ehlanganisa i-Vermeer, i-Rembrandts emithathu, kunye ne- Degas emihlanu, ixabiso elipheleleyo leemifanekiso liye lalinganiselwa kuma-500 wezigidi .
Umbhali u-Ulrich Boser uthatha ukujonga ngokugqithiseleyo ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye neenkcukacha. Uphonononga ngaphezu kwewaka elingaqhelwanga kwaye uhamba ngokubanzi kwihlabathi lezobugebengu elijikeleze iimyuziyam zobugcisa kunye neqoqo. Oku kunconywa kakhulu kubafundi abathanda amabali olwaphulo-mthetho. Kwiminyaka engama-26 kamva, iRustener Heist edumileyo ayigxilwanga kwaye yonke imisebenzi ayisayikhoyo.
I-Gardner Heist: Ibali Eliyinyaniso ye-World's Greatest Unolved Art Uft
Ulrich Boser
Harper Paperbacks
03 ngo 10
I-Belle da Costa Greene yilayibrari eyancedisa ukwakha enye yezona zinto ziqokelele kwiincwadi kwihlabathi, yiyiphi i- Morgan Library kunye neMyuziyam namhlanje. Kwakubonakala kungavamile ukuba umntu osemncinci kwaye ongenamava ayeya kuqashwa nguMorgan, kodwa sele kuvele nje ukuba uGrene wayengumAfrika-waseMelika owathi umbala wesikhumba sakhe siyinxalenye yelifa lePortugal. Le ngqungquthela ibonisa ubomi bakhe obungaziwayo ngaphambili ngeentlobo zakhe kwiindawo ezingaphezulu kwezobugcisa kunye nehlabathi lembali.
Ubomi obukhanyisiweyo: Uhambo lukaBla da da Costa Greene ukusuka kwiNgcalulo kwiLungelo
NguHeidi Ardizzone
WW Norton & Inkampani
04 we-10
UThomas Hoving waqala umsebenzi wakhe kwiMetropolitan Museum of Art njengomgcini wezobugcisa be-Cloisters kodwa ekugqibeleni waba nguMlawuli. Ngaphantsi kobunzima bakhe, wabumba umboniso wokuqala we "musebuster" wemyuziyamu kunye nobutyebi obuvela kwingcwaba kaKumkani Tutankhamun eYiputa ukuya eNew York. Njalo unomdla ongqubuzanayo kwi-museum yehlabathi, u-Hoving wabhala iincwadi ezininzi malunga nexesha lakhe elinceda iThe Met ehlala isithandwa ngabafundi nangona iincwadi zakhe ngoku zikhuphe ngokutsha. Oku kuyimfuneko-funda nabani na ofuna ukwazi oko kwenzekayo emva kwemiboniso yembali yezobugcisa njengokwenza ukucacisa ngokucacileyo indlela i-sausage eyenziwa ngayo ekuthengeni nasekuthengisweni kwemisebenzi edumile yobugcisa.
Ukwenza uMammy Dance: Ngaphakathi kweMetropolitan Museum of Art
NguThomas Hoving
ITystone
05 we-10
Ingxabano enkulu kwihlabathi lemyuziyamu namhlanje lihlala liphanga ubuqhetseba bubugcisa obudala obubonakalayo kwiimyuziyam ezincinci zaseMelika. Emva kokuba ibonakaliswe ukuba u-Getty wayesithengise ubugcisa obuphangiweyo kwiminyaka emininzi, iminyuziyamu efana neThe Met yaqalisa ukubuyisela ngokuzithandela imisebenzi yobugcisa exabiswe kwisiqingatha sezigidigidi zeedola.
Le ncwadi ebhaliwe ngababhali beendaba eziphandle kwiLos Angeles Times izele izibheno ezinokungcebeleka malunga nokusebenza kwangaphakathi kwee-Getty zokusebenzisana kumashishini abamnyama. Akukho mntu okhuphelayo kwaye ufunda njengento evuyisayo nangona yonke into enobungqina iyinyani. Ukuxosha i-Aphrodite kuya kubanomdla kubafundi abanandipha ubugebengu bokwenene, ubugcisa bamaGrike kunye namaRoma kunye namabali asemva kwezinto ezivela kwihlabathi lobugcisa. Le ncwadi ngokwenene ibonakala kummandla omnyama wokuqokelela ubugcisa.
Ukuxhathisa i-Aphrodite: I-Hunt ye-Antiquities ephangaleleyo kwiMbali yeRichest
NguJason Felch noRalph Frammolino
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
06 ngo 10
Imyuziyam yaseBrithani eLondon ineqoqo enkulu ebonisa ubugcisa, i-archeology kunye nembali yemvelo evumela ukuba yonke imbali yehlabathi ihlolwe ngaphakathi ekuqokeleleni kwayo. Ebhalwa nguMlawuli uNeil MacGregor kunye neminikelo evela kuyo yonke i-curator's curators, ihlola xa abantu beqala ukugqoka iingubo, ukuphuhlisa imizi, izibalo kunye nemali.
Ikhathalogu yecandelo lokuqokelela, ibali le-adventure ye-adventure, luchaza amanqaku ajikayo kwimpucuko yabantu ngelixa ikwabalaselisa indawo ze-interconnectivity. Ukongezelela ekubeni yincwadi ebhetele kakhulu e-United Kingdom, ibuye yatshintshwa ibe yinkonzo yomsakazo kunye neepodcast eziqhelekileyo ezingasetyenziselwa njengeqabane kule ncwadi.
Imbali Yehlabathi kwizinto ezili-100
NguNeil MacGregor
Penguin Books
07 ngo 10
Abathandwayo beencwadi bayakuhlonela le ngqokelela yeengqungquthela ngeemyuziyam ezivela kubalobi kuquka uJulian Barnes, u-Ali Smith, uWilliam Boyd kunye no-Allison Pearson. Iindaba malunga nokuhamba, ukufumana ukuquka i-Patchett ngongoma ngothando ngaphakathi kweMbali yaseHarvard yeMbali yeNdalo kunye no-Neil Gaman ukunconywa ngabaculi baseBrithani Outsider uRichard Dadd kwi-Museum yaseBate Britain yase-Pre-Raphaelite.
Isicatshulwa ngasinye sichaza okuninzi malunga nombhali kunye neqoqo lembali. Ekugqibeleni, ihlabathi lemyuziyam liziva luleke ngakumbi kunanini nanini njengeendonga zeendlovu eziqhubekayo zikhuthaza ukudala. Iindleko zePalamente zilungele ngokukhethekileyo umhambi wezitulo onqwenela ukonakalisa iikholeji ezinkulu zehlabathi ngaphandle kokushiya ekhaya.
Iindleko zePalamente: Ababhali abakhulu bavakatyelele iiMyuziyamu ezinkulu
NguMaggie Fergusson
Economist
08 ngo 10
Ukuvulwa kwembali kumnandi we-2016 akungabazeki ukuba iMyuziyam kaZwelonke yeMbali yaseMerika neNkcubeko , inxalenye yeS Smithsonian eWashington DC Kwabaninzi abaye bakholelwa le myuziyamu yayisexesha elide kakhulu, kwadibana neendumiso ezidumayo kubagxeki kwaye uhambo lokuhambela uhambo lweemyuziyam ngo-2017 nangaphezulu.
Incwadi ihlolisisa indlela umlando omdala owenziwa ngayo uphuhliso lolondolozo lwemyuziyam njengendawo engunaphakade yokuqokelela, ukufundisisa nokubonisa imbali yaseMerika yaseMelika. Ibali liqala ngo-2003 xa i-museum isungulwe ngokusemthethweni kwaye ilandele ukukhangela kwayo umlawuli, umakhi wezakhiwo, kunye nabalathisi abangakwazi ukubalisa ibali elingazange lide ixesha elide.
Qala ngexesha elidlulileyo: Ukwakha iMyuziyam kaZwelonke yeMbali yaseMerika neNkcubeko
NguBabel O. Wilson
Books Smithsonian
09 we-10
Iintlanga zemihla ngemihla ziyavuya, iiNtsuku ezisixhenxe kwiLizwe lezobugcisa eziye zaditywa ngeyona nto yokuthengisa ngokukhawuleza, ihlabathi elikhulu lemali yobomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nakwiimyuziyam. Ebhalwa ngumxhasi ku- Artforum kunye neNew Yorker, umxholo uhlola iifashini, uluntu oluphezulu kunye namaqela adibanisayo kunye nemiboniso yezobugcisa eyenzela abaqokeleli. Ukuba uye wakha wazibuza ukuba kuthini ukuxubha amajoni nabaculi abaphilayo ngelixa bekhuphisana nabanye abaqokeleli kunye neemyuziyamu zobugcisa babo kwiintengiso, le ncwadi yabhalwa kuwe.
Iintsuku ezisixhenxe kwiLizwe loBugcisa
NguSarah Thornton
WW Norton & Inkampani
10 kwi-10
Inkwenkwezi ethi "Lady in Gold" eneenkwenkwezi uHelen Mirren isekelwe kule ncwadi ebhala ibali eliyiyo lobugcisa be-Adele Bloch-Bauer. Ngoku ngoku kuthiwa yi- New York ka-Mona Lisa , umzobo kaGustav Klimt uqokelele ngokusisigxina iManhattan's Neue Galerie.
Ekupheleni kwekhulu lamaVienna, u-Adele Bloch uBauer wayengumninimzi ocebileyo woonononti bezobugcisa. Owesifazane owaziwayo ngokungaqhelekanga, wayeyilungu lombutho wama-Viennese aseYuda kwaye wayithuma ngokuqondile uKlimt ukuba apeyinise umfanekiso wakhe. Wenza ngaphezu kwekhulu lemifanekiso yakhe ngelixa ephuhlisa umzobo wokugqibela kwaye wawuquka iimpawu ezibonakalayo kunye negolide ephefumlelwe ngamaByzantium. Isiphumo sokuphela kukuba wayefake iBloch-Bauer kwizinto eza kuba sisityikitya sakhe sokutyikitya okwenza umdwebo wakhe ogqwesileyo ukhangele "kufuphi Kiss".
Umzobo wabanjwa ngamaNazi waza waqanjwa ngokuthi "I-Lady in Gold" ukwenzela ukufihla igama likaYuda lomxholo wesimboli. Esikhundleni sokutshatyalaliswa, kwaboniswa kwiNdlu yaseBaroque eBelqueere Palace eyayiboniswa njengeziko lobugcisa bamaNazi.
Le ncwadi ilandelela iminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha ukususela kweso simboli esathathwa ngamaNazi, ukugweba iminyaka emine phakathi koorhulumente waseAustria kunye neendlalifa zeBloch-Bauer kunye nendlela iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-United States yabandakanyeka ngayo kwimeko, ibeka phambili ngenxa yeengxaki zobugcisa emhlabeni jikelele. Ekugqibeleni, iphetha ngokuthengisa kwintengiso kuRonald Lauder ngeedola ezili-135 ezigidi.
Imbali yoluntu yemifanekiso edumileyo isishukumisela kwihlabathi elikhazimulayo le-veni yekhulu-nkulungwane iVienna ukuya kwihlabathi lembali lemyuziyam kwiNew York yangoku kunye nazo zonke iinguqu kwaye zijika endleleni. Ibali elincomekayo lobungcali bezobugcisa kunye nabamyuziyamu yonke indlela.
Inkosikazi yeGold: Inqaku eliqhelekileyo likaPustav Klimt, ubugcisa buka-Adele Bloch-Bauer
Ngu-Anne-Marie O'Connor
Vintage