Indlela yokubona i-Unicorn Tapestries eNew York, eParis naseScotland

Ukungaveli kwiminyaka emakhulu eminyaka yobudala bembali yobugcisa

Ngaphandle kokusinda kwiminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu emfazwe kunye neenguqulelo, ii-Unicorn Tapestries ngoku zihlala zikhuselekileyo ezindongeni ze- Met Cloisters , isebe eliphakathi kweMetropolitan Museum of Art eNew York. Bayizalela umbukeli ehlathini elide njengokuba ibali lokuzingela i-unicorn libonakalisa indawo-ngumboniso, kwimifanekiso elandelelana eyenzelwe ukugqithisa ngokupheleleyo iindonga zenkqantosi yokuvuselela. Imibukiso ibonisa abazingeli baxosha i-unicorn kumasimi kunye namahlathi ukuze nabo banakho uphondo lwakhe lomlingo, oluhlambulukileyo.

Ongaziwayo okanye owaziwayo malunga nee-Tapestries. Iingcamango zininzi, kodwa akukho mdwebo, inkcazo okanye irhafu ekhoyo ukusuka kwinto ebonakalayo yiprojekthi yaminyaka emininzi eyenziwe ngabaculi abaninzi kumazwe amabini. Ukusekwa kwi-Met Cloisters ekubhekiswe kuyo ngokuthi " I-Hunt ye-Unicorn " kuyimfihlelo enkulu.

KwiMisée Cluny eParis , kukho uluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwee-tapestries ezibizwa ngokuba yi-Unicorn Tapestries, kodwa zibizwa ngokuthe ngqo, " I-Lady kunye ne-Unicorn ." Ezi zicatshulwa ukuba ziboshwe kwii-1480s, nakwinkantolo yaseFransi, kodwa ngokwenene, akukho mntu uyayazi ukuba bathetha ukuthini okanye apho babenokuboniswa khona, kuphela ukuba ingubo yeengalo zikaJean Le Viste, ikosikazi yayifakiwe.

I-Lady kunye ne-Unicorn "yaziwa yaziwa ngexesha le-18 leminyaka, kodwa kwakungekho umlobi uPrasper Mérimée ebone ngo-1841 waza waqwalasela imeko yabo yokunciphisa. Emva koko umbhali uGeorge Sand wawaqonda kwaye ngo-1847 wabhala isihloko malunga nabo, siboniswe ngemifanekiso eyenziwa yonyana wakhe. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo kabini watyhicilela iingqungquthela malunga ne "Lady and Unicorn," de ibe iKhomishoni yeeMikhumbuzo zeMbali zizithenge ngo-1882 ukuba zixhomeke kwi-Musee des Thermes.

Ukuchazwa kweziganeko zeentombi, intombazana, izinja, i-monkey kunye ne-unicorn ephindaphindiweyo, kodwa njenge-Unicorn Tapestries kwi-Cloisters, akukho nyiyo-mfundiso iyamkelwa ngokubanzi. Abanye abantu bathi yinto engumzekelo weengqondo ezihlanu. Abanye bathi badala umoya wegadi edibeneyo elenga ezindongeni zendlu yokulala. Kodwa ngubani na? Incwadana ethi "I-Lady kunye ne-Unicorn" nguTracy Chevalier kukuhlolisiswa kwemfihlelo.

Emva kokuchitha iminyaka elishumi elinesithathu ekufundeni nasekufundiseni malunga ne-"The Hunt ye-Unicorn" I-tapestries, ndiyathemba ukuba uya kuvuyela oku kuphazamiseka kwemfihlelo eyenza le mibala ye-tapestries emnandi kakhulu.

• 01 ka 09

  I-Unicorn Tapestries zenziwe malunga ne-1500. Mhlawumbi.

  Umhla oye wabelwa ekudalweni kwe-Unicorn Tapestries kusekelwe kwifashoni. Isihlangu esikhankanywe ngesikwele sichazwe ngokuchanekileyo, sigqitywe ngabaninzi bezingcingo ezichazwe kwii-Unicorn Tapestries ezaziwayo eFransi phakathi kwe-1495 no-1505.

  Akukho mntu owaziyo owenza ii-Tapestries, apho okanye kutheni zenziwe. Akukho zicatshulwa zokulungiselela, akukho manqaku okanye iingxelo ezibhaliweyo malunga nendawo ababeza kuboniswa kuyo. I-cartoon (imephu yokulungiselela abacebisi) ayisekho. Akukho nto eseleyo kwinto ekufuneka ibe yile ncwadi ebanzi phakathi kwomphathi, umthengisi we-tapestry oya kulungelelanisa ikhomishini, kunye neworkshop ekugqibeleni ivelise. Akukho nto .

  Kodwa nantsi into; Ii-Tapestries zazingumsebenzi onobugcisa obuninzi kunabo bonke onokuzifumana kwi-Middle Ages. Namhlanje, iimyuziyamu ezinamabala amaninzi ziyabonakalisa ngokwahlukileyo kwipayili kunye nekiso, zibeka emagqabini anesibili esithintekayo kwiiNgqungquthela zoBugcisa. Oku akusikho ubulungisa ngenxa yemigudu nomsebenzi oye wangena kwi-tapestries. zabanjwa kwaye zithunyelwa.

• 02 we-09

  I-Unicorn Tapestries yabiwe ngexesha leNguqulelo yesiFrentshi

  Ngo-1793, abahlali abavukelayo kwi-Revolution yesiFrentshi baqhekeza iingcango ze-chateau yaseRochefoucauld eVerteuil ukuphanga isixeko saseFrentshi esinobuhle bobuncwane babo. Inqaba yasenyakatho yatshitshiswa kwindlela yabo yokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo. Esikhundleni sokushiya ama-Tapestries ukuba ashise, abaphangi bababile. Isilivere kunye negolide ebizwa ngokuba yimisonto ye-gilt yayiqhele ukukhishwa kwi-tapestries efanayo ngokuyibeka emlilweni. Ngenxa yokuba lo mkhuba wawuqhelekileyo, i-Unicorn Tapestries yayicinga ukuba ihambe.

  Kodwa emva kweminyaka engamashumi mathandathu, elinye ilungu lentsapho yaseRochefoucauld lalizama ukuhlanganisa kwakhona ubuncwane obubiwe ngexesha le-Revolution. (Umtsalane weentsapho uthe i-Tapestries elahlekileyo yatsho ivulelwe umtshato kaFrancois VI Rochefoucauld no-Marie du Barbizon.)

  Uphando lukhokelela kwingqolowa apho umfazi echaza "amakhethini endala" indoda yakhe yayigcinwe kwindawo yokugcina. Apho wafumana i-Unicorn Tapestries ekhonza njengeengubo eziqwengqileyo, ezinqabileyo, kodwa ezininzi zihambelana, zifaka iibhali zemifuno engcambu. Ziye zonakaliswa kakhulu emacaleni kwaye zizele imingxuma, kodwa zihlala zihambelana.

• 03 ka 09

  I-Unicorn Tapestries yaphela njani kwiNew York City?

  Ngowe-1925 ii-Unicorn Tapestries zasuka eFransi ngethuba lokuqala lokubonisa igalari eManhattan. U-Philanthropist kunye nomqokeleli wezobugcisa uJohn D. Rockefeller, Jr, wabona kwaye benqwenela ukuba nabo ngaphandle kokuba bangathengiswa.

  Ngethamsanqa, umculi kunye nomqokeli wezobugcisa uGeorge Gray Barnard, oqokelelweyo lwayo olusisiseko seMet Cloisters namhlanje, wangena ekuxoxeni. Ekubeni esebenza njengesikolo kubaqokeleli bobugcisa be-America abacebileyo, wayesazi ukuba intsapho yaseRouchfoucald ifuna ukuqhubeka kunye nemfashini yezinye iintlobo zaseFransi ezizimeleyo kwaye zakha ikhosi yegalufu encinane kwiindawo zabo. Ukuthengiswa kwaqhekeka kwaye ii-Unicorn Tapestries zashiya iFransi ngokulungileyo.

  Ekuqaleni baboniswa kwikhaya likaRockefeller kwiSitrato se-54. UDavid Rockefeller uchaza ukunika uhambo lwe-Unicorn Tapestries kwiindwendwe emtshatweni wakhe udade xa wayeneminyaka eli-8 ubudala.

  Xa ii-Cloisters ze-Met ziza kuphuhliswa uRockefeller, umgcini-makhaya uJames Rorimer (oyaziyo ngokuba ngumntu kaMat Damon kwi "I-Monuments Men") wabeka iphepha elincinane kwiphepha leemifanekiso efundela "i-Unicorn Tapestries." U-Rockefeller wayenethemba lokuba anike kwi-museum entsha njengesipho.

• 04 we-09

  Kuthathe ixesha elingakanani ukwenza ii-Unicorn Tapestries?

  Impendulo emfutshane: Ixesha elide ngokwenene.

  Nayi impendulo ende: Ii-workshops zaseBelgium naseNyakatho yeFransi zazixakeke ngokukhawuleza ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo xa i-tapestry eboshwe ngobuchule yayiyimpawu ebonakalayo yobutyebi namandla. I-Interiors yayidla ngokukhawuleza xa i-baron, isikhulu okanye i-regent yayingekho yokuhlala, kodwa ekufikeni kwabo, i-tapestries yayiza kuxoxwa, ibuyiselwe imfudumalo nobomi.

  Umdwebo wenza idizayini yangaphambili, eyayiza kuboniswa kwipopayi yeoli. Oku kungathatha inyanga okanye iminyaka.

  Isinyathelo esilandelayo, i-cartoon iya kwenziwa, ngamanye amaxesha ngumncedisi kwivenkile zabadwebi, okuya kuba ngumephu weever. I-cartoon yayiyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, njengoko ingasetyenziswa ngamaxesha amaninzi, kwaye iimveliso zazingatshintshiswa kwaye zitshintshwe ngeemifanekiso ezidityanisiweyo. Bayixabiseke kakhulu kangangokuthi i-tapestry brokers yayiza kubandakanyeka, ukuphatha kakuhle nokuxoxisana nohambo lweethathu kwi-workshop engaba yiphina indawo eYurophu, nakwababhinqa abahlala eBelgium, kodwa nakwiNorthern France. I-cartoon, ukuqesha umthengisi kunye neentetho kunye nokuhamba kungathatha inyanga okanye iminyaka.

  Emva kokuba ii-tapestries zafika kwindawo yokucoca, yonke iboya yayiya kudaywa. Emva koko, ekugqibeleni, abacebi babeza kuseka i-looms enkulu, kwaye basebenzise i-warp kunye ne-weft ukuze baqoke i-tapestries kunye neetoto eziphantsi kwezona zikhokelo zabo. Eli nqanaba lixhomekeke ekukhanyeni kwendalo engenakwenzeka ngexesha lobusika baseMntla Yurophu. Kwaye njengabasebenzi abahlawuliweyo, kwakukho iiholide zokuhlala apho iworkshop iya kuvalwa. Ngoko le nqanaba kufuna iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi. Ngeentsuku ezithile, umgcini we-tapestry weerpiver unokwazi ukuvelisa isiqwenga sesincinci esincinane kunokuba ubukhulu besandla sakho.

  Nantsi imbonakaliso yexesha elimangalisayo levidiyo ekhuniweyo.

• 05 ka 09

  Ngo-1500 wonk 'ubani wayekholelwa ukuba i-unicorns yayinyani

  Ngama-1500 unicorns wonke umntu wayekholelwa ukuba i-unicorns yayinyani. Ngokungafani ne-centaur okanye i-minotaur eyavela kwimvelaphi, i-unicorn yavela ekufundweni kwenzululwazi yendalo kwaye yabonwa kuqala e-Indiya ngumlobi ongumGrike uCtesias kwikhulu le-5 BCE. Njengomdlalo wefowuni, inkcazo ye-unicorn yatshintsha indlela ebonakala ngayo evela kwihashe elibomvu elinamabala abubhakabhaka kwisidalwa esilungileyo samahashe esimhlophe esiboniswe ukuhlambulula umlambo wamanzi kunye nophondo lwakhe kwi-Unicorn Tapestries. UJulius Caesar wathi ama-unicorns agijima e-Gaul. Xa abaphengululi baseSpeyin babuyela eYurophu ukusuka ekuhlolisweni kwabo baseMelika, bathi iinqununu zagijima kwiNew entsha.

  Kwiimpawu ze-tapestries kwi-Met Cloisters, izicatshulwa zingachazwa njengebali lokuzingela (nge-unicorn esikhundleni se-stag), isiganeko somntu othandekayo kwisigqubuthelo se-chivalric ukubonakalisa ukuba uyayithanda intanda yakhe, kwaye Umonde kaKristu.

  Jonga ukuba kukho abazingeli abayishumi elinambini behlangene nomthombo, kodwa omnye kuphela ubhekisela kwi-unicorn? NguYudas.

• 06 ka 09

  Kutheni kukho i-Unicorn Tapestries eScotland?

  I-West Dean Weavers yi-studio yabenzi be-tapestry abavela eNgilani abaye bathunyelwa ngasese ukuba bavelise ukuzaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwe-"Hunt ye-Unicorn" ukuxhoma kwi-Stirling Castle eScotland.

  Umncedisi waphefumulelwa yinkolelo eyayibanjwe ngabalandeli beScotland ukuba i-tapestries kwi-inventory kaYakobi yayingu-Unicorn Tapestries, efika eScotland ngeyomtshato wakhe omfutshane, umtshato ongathandekiyo kuMadeleine waseValois. Babuyela eFransi ngekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo ngokubambisana noRochefoucauld, owathi wawafaka kwimbali yentsapho yabo kamva.

  Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwelishumi, abakhweli be-West Dean bavakatye i-Met Cloisters ukwenza iipatroli ezintsha, babala amaqhina baze bafunde ngokusisiseko isethi yamandulo. Bawahambisa ama-tapestries njengoko babeya kwenziwa kwikhulu le-16. Namhlanje bayaziqhenya ngokuziphakamisa kwi-Stirling Castle.

• 07 ka 09

  Ndicinga ukuba ndiyibonile le ntanethi eHarry Potter!

  Indawo ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Unicorn in Captivity," iyona edumileyo. Kuyamaphepha eemyuziyam, iibhegi, i-t-shirts i-t-shirts i-kitty embroidery kit ugogo wonk 'ubani wayenama-70s kwaye ewe, "uHarter Potter kunye neHlf Blood Prince. "U

  Ukongezelela kwiindawo zokuzingela, le martfry millefleur engagqibekanga kulo lonke umjikelezo uhleli ejikelezwe ngcingo, iboshwe emthini ovuthiwe igromegranati ekhula kumahlamvu awo. Ziyimbewu enobuthi ewela emzimbeni wakhe, nayo ibonakala njengamathambo egazi. Ithwele isimboli, kodwa ingenayo ingxelo. Inye into edibanisa le ngxowankulu ukuya kulo lonke i-"Hunt for the Unicorn" umjikelezo ocacileyo okhangeleka njenge-A nangemuva E eboshwe kunye nentambo. Abaphengululi baye bazama ukutolika iileta ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-140, kodwa akukho mfundiso eyaye yamkelwa ngempumelelo.

• 08 ka 09

  Indlela yokutyelela i-Cloisters, i-Cluny ne-Stirling Castle

  The Cloisters Met

  Fort Tryon Park, eNew York, NY 10040

  Iiyure: Ngo-Oktobha-Oktobha: 10 ukuya ku-5: 15 ngomhla, ngoMeyi 27-Septemba 2, 2016: Ivule ngokukhawuleza ngoLwesihlanu ukuya kwi-7: 30 ntambama

  NgoNovemba-Februwari: 10 ukuya ku-4: 45 ntambama

  Usuku lokuVonga lokuVala, u-Disemba 25, noJanuwari 1

  Ukwamkelwa : I-$ 25 ephakamileyo, abadala abangama-17, ama-$ 12 abafundi, abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-12 kunye namalungu amahhala

  I-Musée de Cluny- iMyuziyam kaZwelonke yeMinyaka ephakathi
  6, indawo uPawulos Painlevé
  75005 eParis

  Iiyure: NgoLwesibili, ngoLwesibili uvaliwe, ukususela ngo-9: 15 ekuseni ukuya ku-5: 45 ntambama.

  Desk ivala ngo-5: 15 ntambama.
  Kuvaliwe ngomhla we-1 kuJanuwari, ngo-1 kuMeyi nangama-25 kuDisemba

  Ukwamkelwa: Ixabiso elipheleleyo: 8 € (9 € ngexesha lemiboniso yesikhashana)
  Imvume: 6 € (i-7 € ngexesha lemiboniso yesikhashana)
  Amahhala kumazwe angama-26 angaphantsi kwama-26
  Ikhululekile kuwo wonke umntu ngeCawa yokuqala yenyanga nganye

  Stirling Castle

  I-Esplanade yeNqaba, i-Stirling, iFK8 1E

  Iiyure: Mhla ngemihla, 1 kuMeyi-30 Septemba 9: 30-6pm Ngo-1 Oktobha-31 ngoMarha 9: 30-5pm

  Ukwamkelwa: Abadala (ama-16 ukuya kuma-59 yikho) i-£ 14.50, abantwana (5 - 15 yrs) i-£ 8.70, i-Concession (60 yrs + engasebenziyo) * £ 11.60

• 09 we 09

  Liliphi ibali ii-Unicorn Tapestries eParis zixelela?

  I setethi zee-tapestries nazo zibizwa ngokuthi "ii-Unicorn Tapestries" zibizwa ngokukhethekileyo ngokuthi "I-Lady kunye ne-Unicorn." Ezi zinto zaziye zavotshwa malunga ne-1500 kwaye zinemvelaphi engafaniyo. Iipestestries zaseParis zihlobo oluqhelekileyo luboniswe kwigumbi lokulala lelinkosikazi ukuze zenze umphumo wokuba ngaphakathi kwintsimi edibeneyo. Iimpawu ezihlukeneyo zendodakazi, intombazana encinci, i-unicorn, izinja, i-monkey kunye nezinye izidalwa ziye zacetyiswa ukuba yinto engafanelekanga kwintetho ezintlanu, kodwa akukho nto ihlala isavumelana ngokucacileyo phakathi kwabaphengululi.