Yintoni iBilharzia?
Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-chistosomiasis okanye umkhuhlane we-nnail, i-bilharzia yisifo esibangelwa yimifuno ebizwa ngokuthi i-schistosomes. Ama-parasites aqhutyelwa yimisipha yamanzi, kwaye abantu banokusuleleka emva kokuqhagamshelana ngqo kunye namalungu angcolileyo yamanzi kuquka namachibi, amachibi kunye namanzi okunkcenkceshela. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-schistosoma, ezichaphazela izitho zangaphakathi ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokwe-World Health Organisation, malunga nama-258 yezigidi zabantu abasuleleke nge-bilharzia ngo-2014. Nangona isifo asizange sitshabalale ngokukhawuleza, ukuba kungakhange kuxoxwe kungakhokelela kumonakalo omkhulu wangaphakathi kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukufa. Iyenzeka kwiindawo zaseAsia neMzantsi Melika, kodwa ixhaphake kakhulu e-Afrika, ingakumbi kwiintlanga ezisentlango kunye neentlabathi zase-Sahara.
I-Bilharzia Ikhutshwe njani?
Amachiza kunye namanqatha aqala ukungcola emva kwabantu abane-bilharzia urinate okanye abachasayo kuzo. Amaqanda aseSchistosoma adlula kumntu osulelekileyo emanzini, apho ahlamba khona aze asebenzise imichiza yamanzi njengomncedisi wokuvelisa. Izibungu eziphumo zikhutshwa emanzini, emva koko ziyakwazi ukuxutywa ngesikhumba sabantu abaza kumanzi ukugeza, ukuhlamba, ukuhlamba impahla okanye intlanzi.
Izibungu zikhula zibe ngabantu abadala abahlala egazini, bebenza bakwazi ukuhamba malunga nomzimba baze bafake iziko ezibandakanya imiphunga, isibindi namathumbu.
Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa, umlingane omdala umlingane kwaye uvelise amaqanda amaninzi. Kuyakwazi ukuthenga i-bilharzia ngokusela amanzi angatshatwanga; Nangona kunjalo, lesi sifo asixhatshazelanga kwaye asikwazi ukudluliselwa ukusuka komntu ukuya kwesinye.
I-Bilharzia ingakuphepha njani?
Ayikho indlela yokwazi ukuba ngaba ungekho umzimba wamanzi unesifo se-bilharzia; Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo njengokuba kwenzeka kuyo yonke iNtshona-Sahara Afrika, kuMlambo iNayile yoMlambo waseSudan naseYiputa, nakwiiMighreb kwiNyakatho-ntshona Afrika.
Nangona empeleni ukubhukuda kwamanzi amaninzi kuphephe ngokupheleyo, indlela ephela yokugwema umngcipheko we-bilharzia ngokupheleleyo akufuneki ukuthobela.
Ngokukodwa, gweba ukugeba kwiindawo ezaziwa ukuba zikhulelwe, kubandakanya ezininzi zamachibi aseRift Valley kunye neLake Malawi . Ngokucacileyo, ukusela amanzi angatshatyalaliswayo yinto engalunganga, ngokukodwa njengokuba i-bilharzia ingomnye wezifo ezininzi zaseAfrika ezithunyelwa ngamanzi angcolileyo. Kwixesha elide, izisombululo kwi-bilharzia ziquka ukucoceka kococo, ukulawula udoti kunye nokwandiswa kokufikelela kwamanzi akhuselekileyo.
Iimpawu kunye neempembelelo zeBilharzia
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ze-bilharzia: i-urogenital scytosomiasis kunye nesisu sesisu. Izibonakaliso zombini zibonakaliswe ngenxa yempendulo yexhoba kumaqanda ama-parasites, kunokuba iipasasiti ngokwazo. Umqondiso wokuqala wokusuleleka ngumhlaza kunye / okanye isikhumba esikhulayo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-Swimmer's Itch. Oku kungenzeka ngeeyure ezimbalwa ezichaphazelekayo, kwaye zihlala malunga neentsuku ezisixhenxe.
Oku kudlalwa yintsholongwane yokuqala yokusuleleka, njengoko ezinye iimpawu zingathabatha iiveki ezintathu ukuya kwezi-8 ukuba zivele. I-urrogenital schistosomiasis, uphawu olubalulekileyo ligazi kwi-urine. Kubasetyhini, kunokukwenza ukuba ubulili bube buhlungu kwaye bubangele ukuphuma kwegazi lomzimba kunye nezilonda zesisu (okokugqibela kunokukwenza ukuba amaxhoba angenelele kuGawulayo).
Kuzo zesini, isifo somhlaza wesisu kunye nokungabikho komntwana kungabangela ukutyhila ixesha elide kuma-schistosoma parasites.
I-sestrosomic intestinal ibonakala ngokugqithiseleyo ngeempawu ezihlukahlukeneyo, kuquka ukukhathala, intlungu emathunjini, isifo sohudo kunye nokugqithiswa kwezigodlo zamanzi. Kwiimeko ezigqithiseleyo, lolu hlobo lwesifo luyabangela ukwandiswa kwesibindi kunye nesantya; kunye nesibindi kunye / okanye ukungaphumeleli kwezintso. Abantwana bathatyathwa kakhulu yi-bilharzia, kwaye banokuphelelwa yi-anemia, ukukhula okunamandla kunye neengxaki ezinengqiqo ezenza kube nzima kubo ukugxila nokufunda esikolweni.
Unyango lweBilharzia:
Nangona i-long-term effects of bilharzia ingaba yingozi, kukho izidakamizwa ezichasene ne-schistosomias. I Praziquantel isetyenziselwa ukuphatha zonke iintlobo zesifo, kwaye ikhuselekile, ifikeleleke kwaye isebenze ekukhuseleni umonakalo omde.
Ukuxilonga kunokuba nzima, nangona kunjalo, ngokukodwa xa ufuna unyango kwilizwe apho i-bilharzia ayibonakali khona. Ngesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuthetha ukuba usandul 'ukubuya e-Afrika.
Eli nqaku lahlaziywa nguJessica Macdonald ngoSeptemba 5 ka-2016.