Umdwebo omfutshane we-Biographical Sketch we-First Nobel Prize yase-Ireland
UWilliam Butler Yeats, eyaziwayo ngokubanzi nje ngokuba yiWBYeats, wayengubani? Ngokuphindaphindiweyo, abafana beeKeats (igama le-WB lithetha ngokufanelekileyo "iYayts", ingabi "iJeets"), wazalwa ngoJuni 13, 1865, wafa ngoJanuwari 28, 1939.
Namhlanje, ukhunjulwa njenge-Ireland "imbongi yesizwe" (nangona akazange abhale ngolwimi lwesizwe), kwaye wayebhekwa njengenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo zoncwadi zesiNgesi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.
Kwaye naye wayengummangaleli wokuqala wase-Ireland weNobel Prize kwiNcwadi (ngowe-1923, emva koko ama-Irish laureates ayenjalo nguGeorge Bernard Shaw, uSamuel Beckett, noSeamus Heaney) - bebongozwa "ngenxa yesibongo sakhe esiphefumlelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, ibonakaliso kumoya wesizwe sonke ".
Kwimihlaba, nangona i-Dubliner kwaye ihlala kwelinye ilizwe ilula, ihlala ixhunyaniswe neSligo ... indawo eyaphumelela kakhulu kubhala kwayo.
WBYeet and Literature
Nangona wazalwa waza wafundiswa eDublin , uWilliam Butler Yeats wachitha iindawo ezininzi zobuntwaneni bakhe kude naseClego Sligo . Ukuxabisa nokufunda izibongo esele sele esemncinci, naye wayenomdla ngeengoma zaseIreland kunye "nobuqhetseba" ngokubanzi ukususela kwiminyaka yobudala. Ezi zihloko zezinye iindawo zibonakala kakhulu kwisigaba sakhe sokuqala sezobugcisa, siphelise ukujikeleza kwekhulu leminyaka. Iqoqo yokuqala yeeats yeengqungquthela yashicilelwa ngo-1889 - iingqungquthela ezihamba ngokukhawuleza, izinkondlo ezivakalayo ezibonisa uElibethethan kunye neempembelelo zamaRoma, njengoEdmund Spenser, uPercy Bysshe Shelley, kunye noBuzalwana basePre-Raphaelite.
Ukuqala malunga ne-1900, izibongo ze-Yeats zenziwe zivela kwi-metaphysical ukuya kwizinto ezizimeleyo, eziyinyani. Ngokungafuni ngokusemthethweni iinkolelo ezininzi ze-transcendental zeminyaka yakhe yangaphambili, wayesalubonisa umdla omkhulu kwizinto eziphathekayo kunye zokomoya, kunye neengcamango zokuphila.
Yeats nayo yaba enye yeyona (ukuba ayingekho) ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-Irish Literary Resvival. Ngabantu abanjengomntu ofana noGregory Gregory no-Edward Martyn wasungula i-Dublin ye-Abbey Theatre, njengenkundla yelizwe yase-Ireland (1904). Kwakhona waba ngumlawuli we-Abbey iminyaka emininzi. Iimidlalo ezimbini zokuqala eziye zenziwa kwi-Abbey (kunye nomdlalo owenziwa nguMnumzane uGregory "kwi-bill" kathathu) yayinguJeats ' on Baile's Strand noCathleen Ní Houlihan .
Ukuthetha ngokucokisekileyo, ii-WBYeats ziphakathi kwababhali abambalwa ababhalisayo nabashicilela imisebenzi yabo engcono emva kokunikezelwa kweNobel Prize, ngokukodwa iThe Tower (1928) kunye ne -Winding Stair kunye nezinye iiNgqungquthela (1929).
I-WBYeats - Life and Love
UWilliam Butler Yeats wazalelwa kwiintsapho zase-Anglo-Irish Dublin. Uyise uYohane udla uqala ukufunda umthetho, ukushiya oku ukufundela ubugcisa eLondon. Unina weeats uSusan Mary Pollexfen wayevela kwintsimi yabatyebi beSligo. Onke amalungu osapho akhetha imisebenzi yomsebenzi - umzalwana uJack njengomdwebi, odadewabo uElizabeth noSusan Mary kwi-Arts and Crafts Movement. Njengamalungu (ekunciphiseni) i-Ascendancy yamaProtestanti, intsapho yeYe yayingamxhasa ngenkqubela i-Ireland, nangona imvuselelo yesizwe yayiswelekelele ngqo.
Uphuhliso lwezopolitiko kunye nentlalo luye lwaba nomthelela omkhulu kwiingqungquthela ze-Yeats, ukuhlolisiswa kwakhe kobume baseIreland kubonakalisa amaxesha atshintsho nesimo sengqondo. Nangona xa ebhala ngokuthi "thina isi-Irish", eli gama elibandakanyeka lidla imithi ngeendlela ezithile.
Ngaphandle kwimiqathango emibini kamva njengeSenator yase-Ireland, kunye neentlobo zakhe ezintle kunye ne-Theosophy, uRicicrucianism, kunye ne-Golden Dawn ... into ehlala kwiingcinga zabantu abaninzi i-Yeats 'ekholisayo, ethanda uthando-ubomi.
Ngowe-1889 wadibana noMaud Gonne, i-heiress ecebile kunye ne-Nationalist icon .. kunye nobuhle ebusheni bakhe. Yeats 'yawela kuye ngendlela enkulu, kodwa uMnu Maud Gonne wachaza ukuba iqabane lakhe kufuneka libe ngowokuqala. Ngomnyaka we-1891, udla umtshato oceliweyo, kodwa ulwahlwaywa - emva koko wabhala ukuba "ukuphazamiseka kobomi bam kuqala".
Kubonakala ngathi ayifumanekanga umyalezo, Uyaphinda aphinde aphinde aphinde aphinde afune umtshato ophakanyisiweyo umtshato ngo-1899, ngo-1900 no-1901, kuphela oza kukhishwa kwakhona kwakhona, kwakhona kwakhona. Xa u-Maud Gonne wagqiba ukutshata uMnumzana uJohn MacBride ngowe-1903, imbongi leyo yavuthela i-fuse. Wazama ukugculela iMacBride nangona iileta kunye neengqungquthela, kwaye zagqithisa malunga nokuguquka kukaMaud Gonne kwiKatolika.
Yeats ke wafumanisa indlela yakhe yokuqonda, kwaye wahamba yonke into echukumisayo, xa u-Maud Gonne wamtyelela ngenye induduzo ... njengoko umtshato wakhe wawuphelile ngentlekele, emva kokuzalwa kwonyana (Sean MacBride). Nangona ubusuku obunye busuku phakathi kweeYeats no-Maud Gonne lwaba nantoni.
Ngo-1916, kwaye ngo-51, iinqwelo zazingxamele umntwana. Wagqiba ekubeni yinto ephakamileyo yokutshata, ngokwemvelo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukucebisa uMal Gonne osemdala (owayesanda kubulawa ngumdlali waseBrithani odubulayo emva kwePaster Rising ). Xa waphinda wamguqula kwakhona, Udla uguqule kwisiCwangciso sakhe esiqhekezayo ... Isiphakamiso somtshato ku-Iseult Gonne, intombi ka-Maud eneminyaka engama-21. Oku kwaphela kwaphela, ngoko uYeats wagqiba ukuhlala emdala (kodwa ngo-25 engaphantsi kwesigamu sakhe) uGeorge Hyde-Lees ... kwaye kumangaliswa ngumntu awamkelanga kuphela, kodwa umtshato ubonakala usebenze kakuhle .
IINDLELA ZEZEMPILO NEZEMPOLISWA
Nangona imbali yakhe yentsapho, i-Yeats yayingumNational Nationalist - enomnqweno onamandla (ikakhulukazi) "indlela yokuphila yendabuko". Ekuqaleni wabonisa umoya wokuguquka (mhlawumbi waba ilungu leqela leepililitary), kodwa ngokukhawuleza wahlukana nezopolitiko ezisebenzayo. Ukuqala kwakhe okungekho mpendulo kwiPaster Rising, ukuthetha kuphela kwiingqungquthela kwi-1920s, wayexelela.
I-Yeats yamiselwa kuqala kuSeanad Eireann, i-Senate yase-Ireland , ngowe-1922 - waza wanyulwa kwakhona kwikota yesibini ngo-1925. Iminikelo yakhe eyintloko yayiye kwingxoxo ngokuqhawula umtshato, apho wamangalela oorhulumente kunye nabafundisi bamaKatolika bokubuyisela " kwiSpeyin ephakathi ". Ukungabikho ihlumelo, wathi "umtshato awusiwo isakramente, kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, uthando lomntu nomfazi, kunye nesifiso esingasifananiseki, singcwele. iincwadi zanamhlanje, kwaye kubonakala ngathi yinto ehlaselayo yokukholisa abantu ababini abazondayo ukuba bahlale kunye ". Nangona ukuhlaselwa kweendudumo, umtshato wahlala ungekho mthethweni e-Ireland kwaze kwaba ngo-1996. Yaye ungafunda phakathi kwemigca, ufumanisa ukuxhalabisa kwakhe kunye namalungiselelo omtshato kaMaud Gonne ...
Ngaphantsi kwengcamango yezopolitiko jikelele emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala, i-Wall Street Crash, kunye nokuPhukisa koMkhulu, iinqwelo zanda ngakumbi kwaye zinokungaqiniseki malunga neefomando zorhulumente zentando yesininzi kwaye zikulindeleke ukuba kwakhiwe kabusha iYurophu ngolawulo olulawulayo. Ulwalamano lwakhe noEzra Pound lwammisela kwizopolitiko zikaBenito Mussolini, iJeats ebonisa ukubongwa kwe "Il Duce" ngezihlandlo eziliqela. Ekhaya lokuqala, wabhala "iingoma ezihambayo" ezintathu ze-Irish Blueshirts , iqela (elinobukhulu) le-fascist iqela elikhokelwa yi-General Eoin O'Duffy.
Ukufa, Ukungcwaba, Ukuhlaselwa phantsi
UWilliam Butler Yeats wasweleka eMenton (eFransi) ngoJanuwari 28, 1939. Ngokomnqweno wakhe wangcwatyelwa emva kwenkonzo engcwabayo kwaye yangasese e-Roquebrune-Cap-Martin - "ukuba ndiza kungcwaba apho kwaye emva kwonyaka xa amaphephandaba endilibele, undibambe uze undile eSligo. " Engazange isebenze, njengoko iMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili yaqhambuka kwaye i-Oats ye-Yeats yokufa ehleliyo yahlala eFransi.
Kuphela ngoSeptemba ngo-1948 i-Yeats 'remains is moved kwiDrumcliff (i-County Sligo) kwisiganeko esixhaswe nguRhulumente - uMphathiswa weMicimbi yangaphandle ephethe umsebenzi, uSean MacBride, unyana ka Maud Gonne. I-epitaph yeeats ithathwa kwimigca yokugqibela yenkondlo yakhe emva kweBen Bulben :
Gcina iHoza elibandayo
KuBomi, ekufeni.
Umntu wamahhashi, udlula!
Noko ke, kukho inkathazo encinane: Iingqumbo zazingcwatyelwe eFransi, zaphinda zagquma kwakhona, amathambo akhe afakwa kwi-bhokisi, aze aphinde abuyele e-Ireland. I-Forensics yiyiphi apho bahlala khona phakathi kwe-1940, ubungqina bokuba onke amathambo, okanye naluphi na kuwo, ephumla ngaphantsi kweBen Bulben ngokwenene iYeats '... incinci emhlabathini. Mhlawumbi iphutha elikhulu?
Ixesha elimnandi lokutya
Oku kufuneka uye kwi-movie "Million Dollar Baby", apho sibona khona uClint Eastwood eguqulela ii-WBYeats ezisuka kwisi-Irish ukuya kwisiNgesi. Kubonakala ukuba akukho mntu wamxelela ukuba uYeats akazange akhulume i-Irish njenjalo, kwaye wabhala ngesiNgesi ...
Unomniest Yeats Moment Ever
Isibongo sinye, kwaye ndithetha ngokoqobo, ndandwendwela i-pub ... njengoko ii-WBYeats zivuma ukuba wayengakaze aye kwi-pub, u-Oliver St. John Gogarty wakhwela umlingane wakhe kwiToner, enye ye- Dublin yeencwadi ezininzi zokubhala , evulekileyo Street Street yeBaggot. Lapho i-WB ine -herry, yazibiza ingacatshulwa ngamava onke, kwaye yashiya kwakhona. kuthethwa ukuba akaze adibanise umnyango wendawo. Yeyiphi inqwaba yolonwabo!