Malunga nePablo Neruda:
Umlobi waseChile, umbhali, idiplomat, umgqugquzeli wezopolitiko kunye nokuthunjwa, uMndilili weNobel weNcwadi, "imbongi yabantu," i-senator, kunye nomnye wabongi bezilwanyana zaseMzantsi Afrika.
Imihla Yokuqala:
U-Neftalí owazalwa u-Ricardo Reyes uBasoalto eningizimu yeChile, ngoJulayi 12, 1904, kwintsapho engazange yamkele iimbalo zakhe zokubhala, intombazana yayithengise yonke impahla yakhe, yathatha ipeni yePablo Neruda, yapapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqala, uKrepusculario ( "ITwilight") ngowe-1923.
Ukulandela impumelelo yale ncwadi yokuqala, unyaka ozayo waba nommemezeli kunye ne- Veinte poemas ye-unor y cancion desesperada ("Iingoma ezingamashumi amabini zothando kunye neNgoma yokuphelelwa lithemba"), umsebenzi wakhe wokufunda unobomi wawuqhubeka.
Ubomi bezopolitiko:
Ngomhla ka-1927, ehlonishwa ngenxa yegalelo lakhe njengombongi, uNeruda wabizwa ngokuba yi-consul ehloniphekileyo eBurma. Ukusuka eRangoon, waqhubeka ekhonza eCeylon, eJava, eArgentina naseSpain. Ubuhlobo bakhe nomlobi waseSpain uFederico García Lorca waqala eBuenos Aires waza waqhubeka eMadrid, apho uNeruda waqulunqa ukuhlaziywa kwengxelo ethi Caballo verde para la poesîa nomlobi waseSpain uManuel Altolaguirre ngowe-1935.
Ukuqhambuka kwemfazwe yaseSpain ngo-1936 kwatshintsha ubomi bukaNeruda. Wayevelana nomntu okhohlakeleyo ngokubhekiselele kuGeneral Franco, kunye neziganeko ezixeliweyo, kuquka ukubulawa kobuhlungu kukaGarcía Lorca e- Espana en el corazon . Enye yeengoma zeempawu zeli xesha ndiza kuchaza ezinye izinto .
Wayekhunjulwa esuka eMadrid ngo-1937, washiya inkonzo yabase-consular waza wabuyela eYurophu ukunceda ababaleki baseSpain.
Ukubuyela eChile, waqeshwa njenge-Consul eMexico ngo-1939, kwaye ekubuyeni kwakhe, iminyaka emine kamva, wajoyina iqela lamaKomanisi waza wanyulwa kwi-Senate. Kamva, xa urhulumente waseChile wabiza iqela lamaKhomanisi ngokungekho mthethweni, uNeruda waxoshwa kwi-Senate.
Washiya ilizwe waza wafihla. Kamva wahamba ngokubanzi eYurophu naseMelika.
Xa urhulumente waseChile waphindula isikhundla sakhe kwizithuba zezopolitiko ezikhohlakeleyo, uNeruda wabuyela eChile ngo-1952, kwaye kwiminyaka engama-21 ezayo, ubomi bakhe behlanganisana nokuthanda kwakhe kwezopolitiko kunye nezibongo.
Ngethuba leminyaka, waqatshelwa kwiihlandlo ezininzi, kubandakanywa oogqirha abahloniphekileyo, amajelo e-congressal, i-International Peace Prize ngo-1950, i-Lenin Peace Prize kunye ne-Stalin Peace Prize ngo-1953, kunye neNobel Prize for Literature ngo-1971.
Ngoxa wayekhonza njengomthunywa eFransi, uNeruda wafumanisa ukuba unomdlavuza. Washiya waza wabuyela eChile, apho wafa ngoSeptemba 23, 1973. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wabhala iingcamango zakhe ngo-Septemba 11 kunye nokufa kukaSalvador Allende kwiGolpe de Estado.
Ubomi bomntu:
Njengomfana osemva esikolweni eTemuco, uNeruda wadibana noGabriela Mistral, sele esele imbongi. Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi, imicimbi yothando yindizwe, wadibana waza watshata noMaría Antonieta Haagenaar Vogelzanzin Java, owathi waqhawula emva koko. Watshata noDelia del Carril kwaye lo mtshato uphela ngokuqhawula. Kamva wadibana waza watshata noMatilde Urrutia, owathi wabiza indlu yabo eSantiago La Chascona .
Leyo kunye nekhaya lakhe e-Isla Negra ngoku iimyuziyam, zijongelwa yiFundación Pablo Neruda.
Imisebenzi Yencwadi:
Ukususela kwimbongo yakhe yokuqala yokugcina abantwana, uNeruda wabhala imibhalo engaphezu kwama-40 yeengqungquthela, iinguqulelo kunye needesi. Enye yomsebenzi wakhe yashicilelwa emva kwayo, kwaye ezinye zezibongo zakhe zazisetyenziswa kwifilimu ye-Il Postino (i-Postman), malunga nomthumeli wabonisa ubomi, uthando kunye neengongoma zikaNeruda.
Iingqungquthela zakhe ze- Veinte ze-yun cancion desesperada yedwa uye wathengisa ngaphezu kwezigidi zeekopi.
I- Canto Yakhe Jikelele , ebhaliwe ekuthinjweni kwaye yapapashwa ngo-1950, iqulethe izibongo ezingama-340 malunga nomlando waseLatin waseMalkon. Le mibongo ibonisa ulwazi olunzulu ngembali, kubandakanywa nomsebenzi wakhe wangaphambili, inkondlo eyaziwayo i- Alturas de Macchu Picchu , i-geography kunye nezopolitiko kweli zwekazi.
Umxholo oyintloko ngumzabalazo wobulungisa bezenhlalakahle, okwenza ukuba yiPolisi yabantu . Lo msebenzi uqulethe imizekeliso ngabaculi baseMexico abaDior Rivera ngoDavid Alfaro Siqueiros.
Olunye lomsebenzi wakhe:
- Imibongo kaPablo Neruda
- Odeary Odes
- Uthando
- Imibongo kaPablo Neruda
- Pablo Neruda
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ufunda izibongo ze-Neruda ngesiSpanish okanye ekuguquleleni, amandla, umnqweno nomphefumlo womntu ukhanya. Umthandi, umgqugquzeli wezopolitiko, ilizwi lomntu oqhelekileyo-konke oku kunye nokunye okuvela ePablo Neruda.
Nangona ndibhalela, ndide kude;
kwaye xa ndibuya, sele ndishiye.
Ndingathanda ukubona ukuba kwenzeka into efanayo
kwabanye abantu njengoko kwenzayo kum,
ukubona ukuba abantu abaninzi banjengam,
kwaye ukuba zibonakala zifana nazo.
Xa le ngxaki ihlolisisiwe ngokupheleleyo,
Ndiya esikolweni ngokwalo kakuhle kwizinto
ukuba, xa ndizama ukuchaza iingxaki zam,
Ndiza kuthetha, kungekhona kwedwa, kodwa ngeengingqi.
SininziUnokuba unomdla ekuhloleni indawo engenzi nzuzo ye-Red Poppy, ezinikele ekuqhubekeleni phambili ukuzinikela kukaPablo Neruda ekuncedeni abantu kunye nokusabalalisa imbongo yakhe emhlabeni jikelele.