Umvangeli uSan Juan Bautista

01 ngo-06

Umvangeli uSan Juan Bautista

Umvangeli uSan Juan Bautista wawungoweshumi elinesihlanu owakhiwe eCalifornia, owasekwa ngoJuni 24, 1797, nguBawo Fermin Lasuen . Igama elithi San Juan Bautista lithetha uSt John uMbhaptizi.

Amazwi anomdla malunga neSithunywa iSan Juan Bautista

Umvangeli uSan Juan Bautista yiyona nkcazo enkulu kunazo zonke eCalifornia. Sekusetyenzisweni oluqhubekayo ukususela ngo-1812. I-mission isekelwe kwicala laseSan Andreas kwaye ibonakaliswe kwifilimu yaseAlfred Hitchcock yeVergogo .

Umsebenzi weSan Juan Bautista

1797 - Umsitho weSan Juan Bautista wasungulwa
1800 - Ukuzamazama komhlaba
1803 - Icawa entsha yaqalisa
I-1805 - inani lamaNdiya li-1,100
1808 - UBawo Cuesta ufika
1812 - Icawa entsha yagqitywa
1812 - UBawo Tapis ufika
1823 - Inani labantu li-1,250
1835 - I- Secularized
1849 - California Gold Rush
1860 - California
1863 - Imisebenzi yabuyela kwiCawa yamaKatolika

Kuphi uMsebenzi eSan Juan Bautista?

Idilesi ye-mission ye-2 kunye neMetroposa Streets eSan Juan Bautista, CA. Ukutyelela iWebhsayithi ye-Mission yeeyure ezikhoyo.

I-San Juan Bautista Mission nayo iyingxenye ye-State Historic Park. Ijongene ne-plaza encinci ishintshile ukususela ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesithoba ekubandakanya ihotele, izakhiwo ezizinzileyo kunye nezindlu ezimbini ze-adobe, zonke izakhiwo zangaphambili ezingaphezu kwe-100 ubudala. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe xaxa malunga neSan Juan Bautista State State Historic Park khangela i-website yabo.

02 we-06

Imbali yeSithunywa iSan Juan Bautista: 1797 ukuya ku-1827

Ngo-1797, uYise Junipero Serra wahokela ukunyuka kwamaRoma eKatolika ukuzisa ubuKristu entlango yaseCalifornia. Kuloo ndawo, yena kunye nabaFranciscans bakhetha indawo ephantsi kweentaba zaseGavilan kufuphi ne-El Camino Real, abo bathiwa yiSan Juan Bautista Mission emva koSanta John uMbhaptizi. Isiza sanyulwa ngenxa yokuba sathembisa "isivuno esikhulu semiphefumlo" eSan Juan Valley. Ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, uSompoli waseSpeyin uJan Ballesteros kunye namadoda amahlanu eza, kwaye ngenyanga yakha i-chapel, izindlu zabo kunye nePadres kunye ne-granary.

Emva koko, emva kweentsuku ezilishumi elinesithathu emva kokuba azinikezele umsebenzi weSan Jose, uBawo Lasuen wafika ngokuzinikezela ngokusemthethweni kweSan Juan Bautista ngoMgqibelo, ngo-Juni 24, 1797.

Iminyaka Yokuqala eSan Juan Bautista Mission

Ubhaptizo lokuqala eSan Juan Bautista wayengumntwana waseNdiya malunga neminyaka elishumi ubudala, kunye noCoral Ballesteros njengomxhasi. Umbhaptizo wokuqala omhlophe wayengunyana wenkampani kunye nomngcwabo wokuqala, ngoSeptemba, wayeyindodana yakhe yintsana.

Oobaba uJose Manuel de Martiarena noPedro Martinez, abajongene nolwakhiwo, bafumana abantu basekuhlaleni benobungane kwaye bebambisana kwaye iSan Juan Bautista Mission yakhula ngokukhawuleza. Iinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala zazixakeke, kwaye ngeKrismesi, zakha icawa ye-adobe, i-monasteri, i-granary, i-barracks, izindlu zokugcina kunye nezindlu ze-neophyte. Ngo-1800, amaNdiya angaphezu kwama-500 ayehlala e-San Juan Bautista mission.

1800 Ukuzamazama komhlaba eSan Juan Bautista Mission

Xa iSan Juan Bautista Mission yasungulwa, akukho mntu wayazi ukuba kwakukho ngaphezulu kweSan Andreas Fault. Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhawuleza bafunda malunga nephutha kunye neentshukumo zayo eziphakathi. Ngo-Oktobha 1798, ukugubhazela kwakunzima kakhulu kangangokuba abavangeli basemazweni babelele ngaphandle kwinyanga yonke. Kwakukho iintsuku ezithandathu ezinyikimazo ngosuku olunye, okwenza iminyango enkulu kwizakhiwo kunye nomhlaba.

Inkohlakalo yabangela iinyikima ezininzi ezonakalisayo kwimbali yokuqala, kodwa umbutho waseSan Juan Bautista awuzange uphume. Inyikima yokuqala yokuqala eyenzeka ngo-Oktobha 1800, yenza umonakalo omkhulu, kwaye inxalenye yesakhiwo sokuqala yawa.

ISan Juan Bautista Mission 1800-1820

Inani labantu baseIndiya laqhubeka likhula, kwaye ngo-1803 kwakukho izicwangciso zokwakha elinye icawa. Abantu abavela kulo lonke iphondo babemenywe kwimbambano ecacileyo eyayikhupha ukwakhiwa. Icawa entsha ye-mission yaseSan Juan Bautista ayizange igqitywe kude kube ngu-1812.

Ngo-1808, kwafika i-padre entsha, uBawo Arroyo de la Cuesta. UBawo Cuesta wayenamandla kwaye unomdla, kwaye waqinisekisa ukuba abakhi bebandla elikhulu elinama-neves amathathu babeza kuba yinto engavamile apha. Ngenxa yempembelelo kaBawo Cuesta, kwakukho icawa enkulu kwiphondo kunye nesakhiwo esisodwa sakhe sakhiwa ngabaFranciscans eCalifornia.

Ngelixa ibandla lalikhulile, ibandla lacetywa ngokuncipha. Ngo-1805, abantu basekuhlaleni babeyi-1,100, kodwa ngo-1812 kwahlulwa kwaba ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha ngenxa yokufa nokunciphisa. Isikhundla esitsha esikhulu samabandla amancinci, kwaye uYise de la Cuesta wayegubungile kwimigangatho emibini yamatye ahlukanisa ama-naves amathathu ecawa.

Ngo-1812, uYise Tapis washiya umhlala-phantsi e-ofisi kaMongameli waza wajoyina u-Father de la Cuesta. Izifundo zaqhubeka phantsi koBawo Tapis ukusuka ngo-1812 ukuya ku-1825.

I-San Juan Bautista Mission 1820s - 1830s

Ngomnyaka we-1824, abantu baseSan Juan Bautista bahlala banda kwakhona, abantu befudula bevela eTlare Valley, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokufuduka kwemikhosi kwimimandla yangaphakathi. Inani labantu babeneminyaka engama-1823, kunye nabangama-641 abesilisa kunye nabahlali abangama-607. Kwimihlaba engama-twenty-two yama-Indiya ayakhiwa ngaloo nyaka, kwaye kwakukho iingxelo ze-adobe corrals, igranary, i-fire, kunye namagumbi okugcoba avuselelwe kunye nabasebenzi abakhulu.

Ngomnyaka we-1827, ingxelo efakwe kwi-rhu runeli yayibhala i-San Juan Bautista imfuyo yemfuyo kunye namazwe ase-rancho, ukubeka uluhlu olubandakanya intloko yeenkomo ezingama-6 500, amahashe angama-750, ama-mules ama-37, nezimvu. Kwakungekho ukunkcenkceshela, kodwa amadlelo ayenyiswa ngamanzi eProaro. Bafumana imithi emihle ukusuka ezintabeni ukuya empuma-mpuma. Ukusuka kwiiNtaba zeGavilan zagijimela ukucocisa igadi, isivini kunye nommbila.

Ngowe-1833, amaFranciscans aseZecatecan aseMexico athatha.

03 we-06

Imbali yeSithunywa iSan Juan Bautista: 1827 ukuya kwiSuku Lwangoku

Ukwahlula

Ixesha laseZacatecan lahlala iminyaka emibini emfutshane. Emva kokuba iMexico iphumelele ukuzimela ngaphandle kweSpeyin, ayinakukwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza njengaseSpain, kwaye ngo-1834, iMexico yagqiba ukuphelisa inkqubo kwaye ithengise onke amazwe. Ngomnyaka we-1835, phantsi kwesenzo sezenkolo, iSan Juan Bautista Mission yancitshiswa ukuba ichaneke kwiklasi yesibini, phantsi komlawuli wezemimandla, kunye nezinto zayo ezithengiswe.

Imbali emva kokusondeza i-secularization iyonwabile ngakumbi kunamanye amabandla. Abantu baqhubeka bexhasa icawa, kwaye iinkonzo zenziwa apha ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Emva kokusondeza, iSan Juan Bautista yaba yipueblo. Ipropathi yemishini yaqalwa ngo-1845 ngu-Andres umzalwana kaPio Pico, owawubhalwe kwindlu yiparadishi yamagumbi angama-16 ayenziwe nge-adobe ngeetena zitena kunye neendonga zobumba kunye namapulangwe. Umyezo ukuya ngasenyakatho yenkqantosi kunye nomyezo wemifuno we-875 yemithi yezityalo wawujikelezwe ngodonga olwakhiwe ngamathambo endala. Isidiliya esishiyiweyo sasingabamba iivini ezili-1,200. Ihlabathi elipheleleyo ngeli xesha lalingama-varas ayi-7,500. Indawo encinane yabamhlophe bakhulela e-pueblo, kwaye kwakukho abemi abangama-50 kwidolophu yaseSan Juan ngasekupheleni kwe-1839.

Phantse kwiminyaka engama-30 emva kokusasazeka, ukuhanjiswa kwabuyiselwa kwiCawa yamaKatolika. Xa isihloko sabuyiselwa kwibandla, amazwe alo anama-acrita angama-55.13.

I-San Juan Bautista Mission kwi-20 yeNkulungwane

Namhlanje kukho izakhiwo zanamhla emva komyezo. Iphiko leendwendwe elidala, kunye neengqameko zalo ezijongene nePazada kuphela ehlala eCalifornia, ihlala kwiimyuziyam. Iimitha zensimbi ezifihliweyo zikhusela ukukhuseleka kwenyikima, udonga lwebell lugqityiwe, kunye neendlela ezibuyiselwayo. Iinkonzo zeCawa zisabanjwa rhoqo ngeveki.

I-San Juan Bautista Mission ibonwa kwifilimu yaseAlfred Hitchcock yeVergogo . Abafaki be-movie bangabona ukuba i-bell tower, ebonakaliswe kwimifanekiso emibini emangalisayo kwifilimu, ayikho.

04 we-06

Imifanekiso yeSithunywa iSan Juan Bautista

Umfanekiso weSan Juan Bautista umfanekiso ongentla ukhankanya inkomo yakhe. Kwathathwa kwiisampuli ekuboniseni eMission San Francisco Solano kunye neMission San Antonio. Enye yeempawu ezininzi zeemishini ezibandakanya ileta "A" ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa asikwazanga ukufumana imvelaphi yayo.

05 ka 06

Umsebenzi weSan Juan Bautista, Isicwangciso soMgangatho, izakhiwo kunye nemihlaba

Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sangoku saqala ngoJuni ka-1803, kwaye ibandla eligqityiweyo lalinikezelwa ngo-Juni 23, 1812. Ngo-1818, uThomas Doak, umqhubi waseMerika osebenze kwigumbi kunye nebhodi, wayeqeshwe ukupenda i-reredos enemibala kunye neesithotandathu phambili kwecawa. Abanye bathi uDoak wayengummi wokuqala waseUnited States ukuhlala eSpeyin California. Iziqhotyosheliso zesibingelelo, umzobo ogqwetshiwe wodonga olubunjiweyo, udonga olukhulu lwebhanti lokubhaptizwa, zonke izinto zangaphambili.

I-San Juan Bautista yiyona nkcazo enkulu kunazo zonke eCalifornia kwiimitha ezili-188 ubude, ii-72 ububanzi ubude kunye neenyawo ezingama-40 eziphakamileyo. Yenziwe ngezitena zezitena ezilinyana ezintathu, kunye nophahla obomvu kunye nophantsi. Iindonga zayo ziiinyawo ezintathu zixhaswe nge-sement inkxaso, kwaye i-cloister yayo inamamitha angama-230 ubude.

Ukuqulunqwa kwecawa yasekuqaleni nguBawo Cuesta ibiza ukuba i-aisles emithathu kunye namandla angaphezu kwe-1,000. Nangona kunjalo, isicwangciso satshintshwa ngexesha lokwakha, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngeentlanga-mhlaba okanye ngenxa yokuba abantu baseNdiya abahlaziyo abazange bafune isakhiwo esinjalo.

Ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwiingcango ezivaliweyo zokungena, kumgangatho omdala obomvu obunzima ungabona iingubo ezingama-180 zezilwanyana eziphambili, mhlawumbi zishiywe ezinye izilwanyana ezihambayo phambi kokuba iileyili zome. Khangela umnyango wekati kwenye yeengcango zecala, ushiye kwixesha apho iinkati zigcinwa khona.

Ngowe-1906, inyikima yahlasela iSan Juan Bautista. Yatshatyalalisa iindonga zecala kunye nezo zakhiwo. Emva kokuzamazama komhlaba, umthumo wawuvuselelwe kwaye waqiniswa ngekhonkrithi. Isiseko se-Hearst sihlawulwe ukubuyiswa ngo-1949

Ekuqaleni, iintsimbi zatshitshiswa kwi-crossbar yeenkuni kwintendelezo, kwaye icawa yayingenayo intsimbi. Inqaba yokhuni yongezwa kwiminyaka ye-1860, kwaye yaphindwa yenziwe ngokukrakra. Inqaba yakwenza kube lula ukubethelela iintsimbi zebandla kwintetho yemozulu, kodwa yasuswa ekuqaleni kwawo-1950. Ngowe-1976 i-campanario, okanye udonga lwebell, yakhiwe (okanye mhlawumbi yakhiwa kwakhona) kwisitayela seminye imisebenzi. Ekuqaleni, iintsimbi ezithoba zaxhonywa ngaphandle kwecawa, kodwa kuphela ezintathu zazo zihlala.

06 we-06

Umbutho we-San Juan Bautista Barrel Organ

Umbutho weNgqungquthela osebenza ngesiNgisi unomthombo wamabali amaninzi kunye neembali. Yenza indlela yayo apha ukusuka eMonterey ngexesha elithile ekupheleni kwee-1820s. Kungenzeka ukuba yanikwa uBawo Lasuen ngumhloli waseBrithani uVancouver. Iqumrhu lakhiwa eLondon kwaye lingaphezu kwamamitha amabini ubude, ububanzi beenyawo ezimbini kunye no-18 intshi. Ngaphakathi iipayipi ezili-17 zeplanga kunye neepayipi zensimbi ezingama-29 ezivakalayo xa i-crank ishintshiwe. Ezinye iingcamango zakhula zijikeleze le lungu, elinye lalo lanika amandla angavamile kwaye lidibanisa naloo mgaqo-siseko.

Iqumrhu liyinto engavumelekanga ukuba ibe necaweni, nangona kunjalo. Iingoma zaso zichazwe ukuba zibandakanya "Yiya kuMtyholi, iSpain Waltz, iColpipe yaseKholeji, kunye neResson Campbell's Reel"

Ibali elincomekayo kakhulu malunga nelo lombutho libikwa kwi-Sunset Magazine yeCalifornia Missions: I-Pictorial History : "Kwimiba emalunga nelilungu lombhobho, enye yeyona nto ibonakalisa amandla aloo-hypnotic ngaphezu kwamagunya omntwana. Ukulwa namaNdiya aseTulare atyhutyha ngenye imini, kwaye i-neophytes yagijima ekhuselekileyo.

Ngethamsanqa, i-padre yayigcina i-wits. Waqhankqalaza isandla-sandla waza waqala ukukranking. I-neophytes yabanjwa kwaye yaqala ukucula ngengoma ephakamileyo lamagama abo, ngenxa yoko izitha zabo zazingqongqo ukuba zibeke izixhobo zazo kwaye zifuna umculo omningi, zize zicele ukuba zihlale zikwazi ukuzinandipha lonke ixesha . "