IRoma iyisixeko esakhiwe phezu kweziqendu kunye nemigca yembali, kwaye kwiindawo ezimbalwa zibonakala ngakumbi kunaseBaslica di San Clemente, ephakathi kweColosseum. Icawa ekhangeleleneyo neendawo zokuhlala kubafundisi abafundela eRoma, iSan Clemente ijikelezwe ngodonga olude, olusenyakatho kwaye luphethe uphawu olulula, olulula emnyango. Enyanisweni, kuya kuba lula ukuhamba ngokudlulileyo kwaye ukwenza njalo, ungaphutheli enye yezona ndawo ezibalulekileyo phantsi komhlaba .
Isinyathelo ngaphakathi kweengcango zika-San Clemente ezithobekileyo kwaye uya kukhwankqiswa ngecawa yeCawa yama-Katolika yama-12, ephethe igolide ephosiweyo, iifowuni ezifakwe ngefestile, kunye neentyantyambo zerabula. Emva koko wehla phantsi, ukuya kwicawa yekhulu le-4 equle ezinye zepeyinti zokuqala zodonga lobuKristu eRoma. Ngaphantsi kwezo zihlala zetempile yobuhedeni yekhulu le-3. Kukho kwakhona indawo yokuhlala yekhulu le-1, indawo yecawa yamaKristu eyimfihlelo, kunye noCloaca Maxima, inkqubo yokucwiliswa kwamanzi eRoma yamandulo. Ukuqonda imbali yendalo yokwakha kunye ne-archeology yaseRoma, ukutyelela eSan Clemente kuyimfuneko.
Imbali emfutshane ye-Basilica: Ukususela kwihlelo lobuKristu
Imbali ye-Basilica yinde kwaye ilukhuni, kodwa siyazama ukukhawuleza. Ngaphantsi kwesiza se-basilica yosuku lwamanzi, amanzi asasaza ngaphantsi komlambo ongaphantsi komhlaba oyingxenye yeCloaca Maxima, inkqubo ye-sewer yaseRoma eyakhiwe ngekhulu le-6 BC
Unokubona amanzi asebenzayo kwiindawo ezimbalwa kwaye uyiva kwiindawo ezininzi zokucubungula. Isandi sawo esingaqondakaliyo esihamba kakuhle kunye nesimo esicacileyo sezinto eziphantsi komhlaba.
Kwakhona ngaphantsi kwecawa langoku kwakukho izakhiwo zaseRoma ezachithwa ngumlilo omkhulu we-AD 64, owonakalisa isixeko esikhulu.
Kungekudala emva koko, izakhiwo ezintsha zenyuka phezulu kwazo, kubandakanywa i- insula , okanye isakhiwo sezindlu esilula. Eyona ndawo i-insula yayiyindlu enkulu yamaRoma ocebileyo, acingelwa yicawa ukuba ibe ngumguquleli wokuqala kwi-Christianity. Ngaloo xesha, ubuKristu bebukhoboka obunqatshelwe kwaye kwafuneka luqhutywe ngasese. Kucingelwa ukuba umninikhaya, uTito Flavius Clemens, wavumela amaKristu ukuba akhonze apha. Amagumbi amaninzi kwindlu anokutyelelwa kwiholide elingaphantsi komhlaba.
Kwiminyaka yokuqala yesithathu (ukususela kwi-AD 200) eRoma, ubulungu kwihlelo lobuhedeni beMithras lalixhaphake. Abalandeli benkolo banqula unkulunkulu uMithras, umlenze wakhe ucinga ukuba ungumvelaphi wasePheresiya. I-Mithras ibhelelwa ukuxhela inkunzi engcwele, kunye nokuhlaziya igazi okubandakanya imibingelelo yenkomo kwakuyinxalenye ephambili yamaMithraic. E-San Clemente, inxalenye ye-insula ye-1st-century, eyayingenakusetyenziswa, yaguqulwa yaba yi- Mithraeum , okanye ingcwele yecawa. Le ndawo yenkonzo yamahedeni, kubandakanywa isibingelelo apho iinkunzi zeenkomo zahlatshwa khona, zingabonakala nakwii-basilica phantsi komhlaba.
Ngomthetho we-313 waseMilan, uMlawuli waseRoma uConstantine I, ngokwakhe sele sele eguqukele ebuKristwini, ngokugqibeleleyo wagqiba intshutshiso yamaKiriyo eMbusweni waseRoma.
Oku kwavumela inkolo ukuba ibambelele ngokuqinile eRoma, kwaye ubuxoki beMithras babuye bayihoxiswa baze bagqitywa ekugqibeleni. Kwakuqhelekileyo ukwakha amabandla angamaKristu ngaphezu kweendawo zokuqala zonqulo zobuhedeni, kwaye yile nto eyenzekayo eSan Clemente ngekhulu le-4. I-insula yaseRoma, indlu enokuthiwa nguTito Flavius Clemens, kunye neMithraeum yayigcwaliswa nge-rubble, kwaye icawa entsha yakhiwe phezu kwayo. Kwanikezelwa kuPapa uClement (uSan Clemente), umnyaka we-1 ukuguqukela ebuKristwini obunokuba mhlawumbi ube ngumpapa okanye mhlawumbi wayengabulawa ngokuxhonywa edwaleni aze agwitywe eLwandle oluMnyama. Icawa yahluma kude kube ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-11 leminyaka. Iqukethe iziqwenga zamanye amaFresco asekudala aseRoma. Ukucinga ukuba yenziwe ngekhulu le-11, ii-frescoes zibonisa ubomi kunye nemimangaliso ye-Saint Clement kwaye ingajongwa ngabatyeleli.
Ngekhulu le-12 leminyaka, i-basilica yokuqala yazaliswa, kwaye i-basilica yangoku yakhiwa phezu kwayo. Nangona kuthelekiswa ncinane nakwezinye i-basilicas zaseRoma ezizukileyo, ziphakathi kwezona ziqhenqa kakhulu kwiSixeko esingunaphakade, kunye nokwakhiwa, kunye neefrescoes ezintle. Iindwendwe ezininzi zingakhange zijonge kwicawa ngaphambi kokuba ziqhube zingaphantsi komhlaba-zilahlekile kwibhokisi yeebhokisi ebonakalayo yobugcisa be-ecclesiastical.
Uhambo oluya kwi-Basilica di San Clemente ludibaniswa lula kunye neTrans Romane del Celio okanye i-Domus Aurea, zombini izakhiwo ezithandekayo phantsi komhlaba. Gcina ukhumbule ukuvalwa kwemini eSan Clemente, kwaye uceba ukufika ngaphambi kwemini okanye emva kwe-3 ntambama
Iibhiliksi zokuvula iiyure, iiNtlawulo zokuBamkelwa kunye namaPhulo okuFikelela:
Iiyure: I-basilica ivuliwe ngoMsombuluko ukuya kuMgqibelo ukususela ngo-9 ukuya ku-12: 30 ntambama, kwaye kwakhona ukususela ngo-3: 00 ukuya ku-6: 00. Ukungena kokugqibela kwisayithi elingaphantsi komhlaba kuse-12 ntambama no-5: 30 ntambama NgeeCawa kunye neeholide zaseburhulumenteni, kuvulekile 12:15 ntambama ukuya ku-6 ntambama, kunye nomnyango wokugqibela ngo-5: 30 ntambama Lindela ukuba i-basilica ivaliwe kwieholide ezinkulu zenkolo.
Ukwamkelwa: Ibandla eliphezulu likhululekile ukungena. I-€ 10 ngomntu ngamnye ukuya kwindlela yokutyelela phantsi komhlaba. Abafundi (kunye ne-ID esemthethweni ye-ID) ukuya kuma-26 ubudala ubudala bakhokhe i-€ 5, ngelixa abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-16 bangena bekhululekile nomzali. Imali yokungeniswa yinto encinci, kodwa ekugqibeleni kuyafaneleka ukubona le nxalenye eyingqayizivele yaseRoma.
Imithetho yeendwendwe: Ngenxa yokuba yindawo yokunqula, kufuneka ugqoke ngokuthobeka, okuthethi akukho zifutshane okanye iipketi ezantsi kweedolo kwaye akukho tyiki. Iifowuni zeefowuni kufuneka zicimeke kwaye iifoto azivunyelwanga ngokupheleleyo kwimigodi.
Ukungena kunye nokufikelela: Nangona idilesi ihamba ngeLibicana, umnyango ungowona uhlangothi oluxubileyo, kwi-Via San Giovanni e-Laterano. Ngelishwa, akukho ncawa okanye ukucandwa kwe-wheelchair kufinyeleleka. Ukufikelela kwicawa nangaphantsi komhlaba kuhamba ngeenqwelo ezihamba phambili.
Indawo kwaye Ufika apho:
I-Basilica di San Clemente itholakala eRione i-Monti, ummandla waseRoma owaziwa nje ngokuba nguMonti. Icawa yimizuzu engama-7 ukusuka eKoloseum.
Idilesi: NgeLabicana 95
Izothutho zikawonkewonke: Ukusuka kwisikhululo seMetrose, i-basilica yimizuzu eyi-8. Kuhamba ngomzuzu-10 ukusuka kwisikhululo saseManzon. Iitrama 3 no-8, kunye neebhasi 51, 85 no-87 zonke zimise kwi-stop stop yeLacicana, malunga ne-2 imizuzu yokuhamba ukusuka kwi-basilica.
Ukuba usuvele uhlola indawo yeColosseum kunye neForama, kuyona nto isebenzayo nje ukuhamba ukuya kwi-basilica.
Iimpawu kunye neeTyelelo ezikufutshane:
- IColosseum , isikhumbuzo samandulo esaziwayo saseRoma
- Iforamu yamaRoma , indawo ebomini yobomi baseRimperial yaseRoma
- Intaba yasePalatine, ibe yindawo yesigodlo sababusi
- I-San Giovanni e-Laterano , ibandla laseburhulumenteni likaPapa eRoma
- Kwimeko yaseRomane del Celio, izindlu zaseRoma ezineefrescoes ezigcinwe kakuhle.
- Domus Aurea, indlu yegolide yaseNero, kunye neendwendwe ezikhokelwayo ngoMgqibelo nangeCawa kuphela