NgoJuni 18, 1908, abafuduki bokuqala baseJapan bafika eBrazil, bangena eKasato Maru. Ixesha elitsha liza kuqaliswa kwiinkcubeko zaseBrazil kunye nobuhlanga, kodwa ukuhlala isigxina kwakungeyona nto yokuqala kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu kwingqondo yabasebenzi abasandul 'ukufika ababephendule kwisibheno seJapan-Brazil isivumelwano sokufuduka. Abaninzi babo babecinga uhambo lwabo njengengqamaniso yesikhashana - indlela yokufezekisa impumelelo ngaphambi kokuba babuyele ezweni labo.
Uhambo oluvela eKobe ukuya kwisikhululo saseSantos, kwiSizwe saseSão Paulo, lwahlala iintsuku ezingama-52. Ngaphandle kwabasebenzi abangama-781 ababoshwe kwisivumelwano sokufuduka, kwakukho nabagadi aba-12 abazimeleyo. ISigqeba soBungane, iThengiselwano kunye nokuThuthwa koLwandle esenza ukuba uhambo lube lunokwenzeka lwasayinwa eParis ngo-1895. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima kwi shishini lasekhofi yaseBrazil elade lada lafika ngowe-1906 lilibale ukuqala kokungena kwabaseJapan.
Ngomnyaka we-1907, umthetho omtsha wavumela ngalinye ilizwe laseBrazil ukuba lizise izikhokelo zalo zokufuduka. I-São Paulo State yazimisela ukuba ama-3,000 aseJapane ayenokufudukela kwiminyaka emithathu.
I Saga iqala
IJapane yahamba ngenguqu enkulu phantsi koMperor Meiji (Mutsuhito), umbusi ukususela ngo-1867 kwada kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1912, owathi wazenza umsebenzi wokuphucula iJapan. Ezinye iziganeko zexesha elichaphazelekayo zithintela uqoqosho. Ekutshintsheni ukusuka kwishumi elinesibhozo ukuya kwekhulu le-20, iJapane yahlutha i-War Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) kunye ne-Warso-Japanese War (1904-1905).
Phakathi kwezinye iingxaki, ilizwe lalingxaki ukubuyisela amasosha ekubuyiseleni.
Okwangoku, i-khofi yaseBrazil yayikhula kwaye iimfuno ezingakumbi zabasebenzi basefama, ngenxa yokuba inxalenye yokukhululwa kwamakhoboka ngo-1888, yayishukumisele urhulumente waseBrazil ukuba avule izibuko ekufudukela kwamanye amazwe.
Ngaphambi kokuba abantu baseJapan bangene kwimfuduko, abaninzi abafuduki baseYurophu bangena eBrazil.
Ekuqaleni kuka-2008 kubonakalisa ukufudukela kweJapan eBrazil kwiMyuziyam yeKhofi eSantos, uxwebhu oludweliswe kwiindawo ezivela kwimvelaphi yaseKasato Maru:
- Okinawa
- Fukushima
- Kagoshima
- Kumamoto
- Hiroshima
- Yamaguchi
- Aichi
- Ehime
- Kochi
- Miyagi
- Niigata
- ETokyo
Uhambo oluvela eJapan ukuya eBrazil lwaxhaswa nguRhulumente waseBrazil. Amathuba omsebenzi wokukhangisa eBrazil kubantu baseJapane bathembisa inzuzo enkulu kubo bonke abakulungele ukusebenza kwiifama zekhofi. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi abasandul 'ukufika babeza kufumanisa ukuba ezo zithembiso zazingamanga.
Ukufika eBrazil
Yenziwe eJapan, incwadi yaseBrazil ngokuphathelele ubomi bukaJapan (iJapan kunye nenzala), ingxelo yokuba okokuqala ukuvela kwabangaphandle baseJapan babhalwa kwincwadi yencwadi nguJam Amcio Sobral, umhloli wase-Brazilian wokufuduka. Waqaphela ukucoceka, ukunyamezela, nokuziphatha ngokufudukela kwamanye amazwe.
Xa befika eSantos, abafuduki baseKasato Maru bafunyenwe kwiindawo zokuhlala kwamanye amazwe. Baye bathunyelwa eSão Paulo, apho bachitha khona iintsuku kwenye indawo yokulala ngaphambi kokuba bathathwe kwiifama zekhofi.
Eyona Nkohlakalo
Isikhumbuzo Sokufuduka Namhlanje eSão Paulo, esekelwe kwisakhiwo esasimisela abantu bokuqala abafikile, sineendawo ezihlala kwindawo yaseJapane kwifama yekhofi.
Nangona abafuduki baseJapan behlala kwiimeko ezinobungozi eJapan, abo babengenakuqhathaniswa neentsimbi ezingenalutho kunye nomhlaba ongcolileyo owawulindele eBrazil.
Ubungqina obunzima bokuphila kwiifama zekhofi - indawo yokuhlala engenakwaneleyo, umthwalo wokusebenza onobuqhetseba, izivumelwano ezibophe abasebenzi kwiimeko ezimbi, ezifana nokuthenga izinto kwixabiso elithengisayo kwiindawo zokuthengisa izityalo-kubangele ukuba abaninzi abafudukayo baphule isivumelwano kwaye babalekele.
Ngokweenkcukacha ezivela kwiMyuziyam yaseJapan e-Liberdade, eSão Paulo, eyapapashwa yi-ACCIJB-Umbutho weMigubho ye-Japan yokufudukela eBrazil, abasebenzi base-781 baseKasato Maru baqeshwe ngeefama zeefowuni ezintandathu. NgoSeptemba 1909, kuphela abangu-191 abafudukelayo ababehlala kuloo mafama. Ifama yokuqala yokushiywa ngamanani amaninzi yayinguDumont, kwidolophu yangoku-suku yaseDumont, SP.
Ngokutsho kwe-Estações Ferroviárias yenza iBrasil, ngaphambi kokufika kwabafundi bokuqala baseJapan ifama yaseDumont yayisakuba nguyise ka-Alberto Santos Dumont, ubuvulindlela bokuhamba ngeBrazil. Isiteshi sezitimela esingasebenziyo saseDumont apho abafuduki baseJapan bafika khona basema.
Ukufudukela kwamanye amazwe kuqhubeka
NgoJuni 28, 1910, iqela lesibini labemi baseJapan labafikile lafika eSantos e-Ryojun Maru. Babhekana nobunzima obufanayo ukuguqula ubomi kwiifama zekhofi.
Kwiphepha lakhe "Ukuba nguJapan" eBrazil nase-Okinawa ", isazi senzululwazi uKozy K. Amemiya uchaza indlela abasebenzi baseJapan abaye bashiya iifama zeekhofu zaseSão Paulo zaze zafika kude nakuma-mpuma nakwezinye iindawo ezikude, ukudala imibutho yokuxhasa eyayiza kuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yangaphambili yembali yobomi baseJapan eBrazil.
Owesigxina uKasato Maru owayedlulele kuyo u-Tomi Nakagawa. Ngo-1998, xa iBrazil ibhiyozela iminyaka engama-90 yokufuduka kweJapane, wayesaphila kwaye wayenza inxaxheba kwimithendeleko.
Gaijin - Caminhos da Liberdade
Ngowe-1980, i-saga yabokuqala baseJapan eBrazil yafika kwisikrini sesiliva kunye ne-Brazilian moviemaker uGizuka Yamazaki uGaijin-Caminhos da Liberdade , ibhayisikobho ephefumlelwe kwibali likagogo wakhe. Ngo-2005, ibali laqhubeka noGaijin - Ama-me como Sou .
Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe xaxa malunga noluntu lwaseNikkei eBrazil, tyelela iBunkyo eSão Paulo, apho iMyuziyamu yaseJapan ihamba khona.