Kwabo abanomdla kwi-archeology kunye ne-palaeontology, kuninzi eTanzania kuneendawo zokugcina umdlalo kunye neelwandle ezintle. Kutholakala kwindlela esuka kwiNgqongolo yaseNgorongoro ukuya kwi- Serengeti National Park , i-Olduvai Gorge (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-Oldupai Gorge) ngokuqinisekileyo iyona ndawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-paleoanthropological site emhlabeni, ngenxa yokufunyanwa kwimiqulu yamathambo ebonisa ukuba abantu bavelele.
Abo bahamba ngommandla banokuhlanganisa uhambo oluya e-Olduvai kunye nokutyelela kwi-Shifting Sands engaqondakaliyo, iindunduma ze-ash volcanic ezihamba entlango kwinqanaba elingama-55 / iimitha ezili-17 ngonyaka.
Ubaluleka be-Olduvai
Ngama-1930, abavubukuli beLouis noMary Leakey baqalisa uchungechunge lwezinto ezimbiweyo kwi-Olduvai Gorge emva kokubukela iimbumba ze-hominid ezingavulwe apho kwiminyaka ethile ngaphambi kwe-Archaeologist yaseJamani uHans Reck. Ngaphezulu kweeminyaka ezihlanu ezilandelayo, iLeakeys yenza iziganeko ezintle ezithe zatshintsha ukuqonda kwehlabathi apho sivela khona, ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekugqibeleni ukuba uluntu luvela kuphela e-Afrika. Phakathi kokubaluleke kakhulu kwezi zinto zifunyenwe yiNutcracker Man, igama elinikezelwa kwiintshaba zeParanthropus boisei yindoda eqikelelwa ukuba yi-1.75 yezigidi zeminyaka ubudala.
I-Leakeys yafumanisa ubungqina bokuqala be-fossil yezinye iintlobo ze-hominid, uHomo habilis ; kunye ne-treasure trove yezilwanyana zezilwanyana kunye nezixhobo zokuqala zomntu.
Ngowe-1976, uMary Leakey wafumanisa uluhlu lweendlela ezigcinwe kwiLaetoli, indawo esekelwe ngamakhilomitha angama-45/28 ukuya ngasemzantsi kwendawo. Ezi zinyathelo, ezigcinwe ngothuli kwaye zikholelwa ekubeni zikhokho wethu uAustralopithecus afarensis , zibonisa ukuba iintlobo zezilwanyana zahamba ngeemilenze ezimbini ngexesha le-Pliocene, iminyaka eyi-3.7 yezigidi edlulileyo.
Ngexesha lokufumanisa, lo ngumzekelo wokuqala kunazo zonke ze-hominid.
Ukuvakashela i-Olduvai Gorge
Namhlanje, iindawo ze-Leakeys zokucubungela zisasebenza, kwaye abavubukuli bevela kulo lonke ihlabathi bayaqhubeka besuka kwiimfihlelo ezijikelezayo. Abavakatyeli kwingingqi yase-Olduvai banokuzibona ezi zizazo zokuzicima zona phantsi kolawulo lwesigqeba esisemthethweni. Kuphezulu kwintlambo, kukho imyuziyam, eyafunyanwa ngowe-1970 nguMary Leakey kwaye yalungiswa ngama-1990 ngamaqela avela kwi-Getty Museum. Nangona iincinci, iimyuziyamu ziyamangalisa, kunye namagumbi amaninzi anikezelwe ekuchazeni i-paleoanthropological site.
Apha, uya kufumana iqoqo le-hominid ne-faunal fossils, kunye namathuluzi adala ngoku kuthiwa yi-Oldowan (igama eliguqulela ngokuthi 'ukusuka kwi-Olduvai Gorge'). Ezi zixhobo zimelela inkampani yokuqala yamatye eyaziwayo kwimbali yamandulo. Ukuze kugcinwe iimvelaphi, ezininzi zezinto ezidityanisiweyo ziboniswa, kubandakanywa neengqungquthela zokuqala ze-hominid. Amaphuzu avelele kulo mboniso zibandakanya umthombo omkhulu weeLaetoli Footprints, kwakunye neefoto ezininzi zeentsapho zeLeakey ezisebenza kwiindawo zokuqala zokumba.
I-Olduvai Gorge ngoku ibhekiswe ngokusemthethweni njenge-Oldupai Gorge, eli lizwi li-spelling is the correct word of Maasai igama lezityalo zasendle zasendle.
Ukutyelela iSands Shifting
Abo banqwenela ukwenza usuku lwayo kufuneka baqwalasele ngasentla ngasemntla we-Olduvai Gorge ukuya kwiShifting Sands. Apha, iindunduma ezinemihlathi emnyama yomthunzi omnyama omnyama uhamba ngokuthe gqolo kwi-plafa kwizinga elimalunga nama-55 / iimitha ezili-17 ngonyaka ngaphantsi komandla womoya ongaphantsi kommandla. AmaMaasai akholelwa ukuba umlotha ovela entabeni yaseOl Doinyo Lengai, indawo engcwele apho igama lakhe liguqulela ngesiNgesi njengeNtaba kaThixo. Ngomhla ocacileyo, le ntaba enomxholo ogqithisileyo unokubonakala kubanga ukusuka e-Olduvai Gorge.
Xa sifika e-Plain, i-ash ash volcanic ihleli, iqokelela ngeenxa zonke ilitye elinye lize liqokelele ibe yindunduma ehambelanayo.
Isanti sisityebi sinyithi kwaye sikhanyiswe kakhulu, ukuze idibanise yona xa iphonswa emoyeni-into eyenza ukuthanda amathuba okufoto. Indunduma ingaba nzima ukuyifumana ngenxa yemvelo yayo, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo uhambo oluya kufika khona lubandakanya ukuhamba kweendlela zobuchwephesha. Ngenxa yoko, kucetyiswa ukuba uhambe ngesikhokelo sendawo kunye / okanye umqhubi. Endleleni, ungalibali ukugcina iliso kwi-game-roaming game.