I-Arizona idinga iinkqubo zoLungiso lwabantwana kwiintlobo ezininzi zeenqwelo
Ngomhla ka-Agasti 2, 2012 i-Arizona esemthethweni yemoto yokuhlala emotweni ekhusele abantwana ukuya kwiminyaka emihlanu ubudala, yongezelela ukuba kufuneka abantwana abaneminyaka engama-5 ukuya kwe-7 (ngaphantsi kwe-8) kunye ne-4'9 "okanye abancinci kufuneka bakhwele kwisithuthi kwisihlalo sokuxhaswa. Udidekile malunga nento oyivayo kwaye ufunda malunga neemfuno zomthetho omtsha? Awunabo yedwa. Nantsi inkcazelo engakumbi kunye nemizekelo.
Umthetho waseArizona ufuna ukuba abantwana kwizithuthi kufuneka bavinjelwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Isihloko 28 se-Arizona i-Revised Statutes isebenzisana noThutho kunye nokubandakanya abantwana. Ndiza kuphawula okanye ndiphinda iindawo ezibalulekileyo zomthetho osebenzayo kubantu abaninzi.
I-ARS 28-907 (A) kunye (B)
Umntu akayi kuqhuba isithuthi kwiindlela ezikulo rhulumente xa ehambisa umntwana oneminyaka engaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu ngaphandle kokuba loo mntwana ugcinwe ngokufanelekileyo kwinkqubo yokukhusela umntwana. Ngamnye umgibeli oneminyaka engamahlanu ubudala ubudala, oneminyaka engaphantsi kweminyaka eyisibhozo ubudala kwaye ongekho ngaphaya kwee-intshi ezintandathu ububanzi ubude kufuneka avinjelwe kwinkqubo yokukhusela umntwana. (Kukho ukungabikho kwezithuthi ezindala okanye izithuthi ezinkulu, njengebhasi.)
I-ARS 28-907 (C)
Iinkqubo zokukhusela abantwana kufuneka zifakwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokuhambelana noMgaqo-nkqubo we-Federal Section 571.213. Ingcaciso yam: Abantu abaninzi baya kuba nzima ukuqonda le migaqo kunye nemiqathango, kwaye bayisebenzise kwiimeko zabo.
Uninzi lwemimiselo yomgaqo-nkqubo apha isebenza kubenzi beenkqubo zokuzikhusela kwabantwana, ngoko ke ukubethelwa kwakho kukugqiba ukulandela imigaqo kunye neengcebiso zomenzi wenkqubo oyithengayo, nokuba ingaba isitulo sezimoto, isihlalo sokuhlala esihlalweni semoto, isihlalo sobukhulu okanye nayiphi na enye indlela yokukhusela inkqubo.
I-ARS 28-907 (D)
Ukuba ugqityiwe kwaye umiselwe yigosa lepolisa ukuba kukho umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka eyisibhozo ubudala kunye ne-4'9 "okanye mfutshane kwisithuthi esingavunyelwe ngokufanelekileyo, igosa liya kukhupha isicatshulwa esiphumela i $ 50 Ukuba loo mntu ubonisa ukuba isithuthi sele sixhotyiswe ngokufanelekileyo kwinkqubo yokuphepha yokuhamba kwabagibeli, intlawulo iya kukhishwa.
I-ARS 28-907 (H)
Iimeko ezilandelayo zikhutshwa kulo myalelo: Iinqwelisi zithuthi zivelwe ngaphandle kweebhanti zokuhlala (ngaphambi kowe-1972), izithuthi zokuzonwabisa, izithuthi zikawonkewonke, ibhasi, ibhasi leziko, ukuthutha umntwana kwimeko engxamisekileyo ukufumana unyango, okanye imeko apho kukho ayinelanga ngokwaneleyo kwisithuthi ukufaka iinkqubo zokuzinqanda abantwana kubantwana bonke kwisithuthi. Kwimeko yokugqibela, ubuncinane umntwana kufuneka abe kwinkqubo efanelekileyo yokuzibamba.
Eyona nto, ifayile oyifumayo ingaba phezulu ngaphezu kwe-$ 50, kuba umzi apho unqamle khona uneza iintlawulo zawo kunye neerhafu kwinkqubo. Isicatshulwa sokuphulwa kwale mali singakubiza i-$ 150 okanye ngaphezulu.
Iintlobo zeeNkqubo zoLungiso lwaBantwana
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeendlela zokuzikhusela, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu, ubudala kunye nobude bomntwana.
Izihlalo zeintsana
Ukuzalwa ukuya kwixesha elilodwa, lenzelwe abantwana ukuya kuma-pounds angama-22 ukuya kwi-29 "ende.
Iintsana kufuneka zibe kwisihlalo sokuhlala esinqwelweni semoto okanye kwisihlalo sokuguqulwa kwisantya sokukhusela intamo kunye nentloko. Zonke iiflethi kufuneka zitshitshwe. Isihlalo semoto kufuneka sibhekane nesemva kweemoto kwaye akufanele sisetyenziswe kwisihlalo sokuqala apho kukho isikhwama somoya. Intsana kufuneka ibhekane ngasemva ukuze xa kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka, ukuhlaselwa, okanye ukuyeka ngokukhawuleza, umva kunye namagxa omntwana unokukwazi ukufumana impembelelo. Izithuthi zentsapho kunye neendwangu zengubo aziklanyelwe ukukhusela intsana emotweni kwaye akufanele isetyenziswe.
Izihlalo eziguqukayo
Kubantwana abalinganisa ama-40 okanye i-40 "ubude.
Isihlalo senqwelo esinokuguqulwa sibekwa kwindawo ejongene nesemva. Emva kokuba abantwana bafike ubuncinane beminyaka eli-1 kunye no-20 iipounds, isihlalo esinokuguqulwa singaguqukela phambili kwaye sibekwa kwindawo echanekileyo kwisitulo sokugqibela sesithuthi.
Izihlalo zeBhodi
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngaphezu kwamapounds angama-40, ngaphantsi kweminyaka eyisibhozo ubudala, 4'9 "okanye mfutshane
Xa umntwana efika malunga neepounds ezingama-40 uya kuphuma kwisihlalo esiphendukileyo. Ukubekwa ibhanti (esingapheliyo) okanye isihlalo esiphakanyiswayo esiphakamileyo singasetyenziselwa ibhande lesigxala / ihlombe kwisitulo sangasemva sithuthi.
Qaphela ukuba umthetho wase-Arizona awuthatheli ubunzima bomntwana. Kwakhona, ukulandela isihlalo somoto okanye imiyalelo yezihlalo kunye neziphakamiso ziya kukunceda. Ukuba unomntwana ongekho mthethweni ongenakufuneka ukuba abe kwinkqubo yokukhusela umntwana, kodwa umncinci okanye unobuthakathaka, kukulungele ukuba uphambuke kwicala lokhuseleko kwaye umntwana wakho asebenzise isihlalo sobuxhasi.
Umbuzo andibuzwayo Ngamaxesha amaninzi
Abantu abaninzi, xa befunda iSitatimende saseArizona, bacinga ukuba ekubeni kungakhankanywe ngokukodwa nje ngokungekho mthethweni, ukuba umntwana kwisihlalo semoto okanye isihlalo sokhuseleko angakhwela esihlalweni sangaphambili. Cha. Andicingi ukuba uya kufumana nayiphi na indawo esihlalweni senqwelo okanye isihlalo sokhuseleko, kwimigaqo yayo yokusebenza, ebonisa ukuba kuphephile ukuyibeka kwisihlalo sokuqala. Ngenxa yoko, i-ARS 28-907 (C), ikhankanywe ngentla, iya kukhaba apho ithi imithetho yokumisela inkqubo yokukhusela umntwana kufuneka ilandelwe. Abantwana banokukhathazeka okanye baxhelelwe ukuba i-airbag yangaphambili isetyenziswe. Nangona kungabinqunywe ngumthetho, kwanokuba abanye abantwana abaneminyaka eyaneleyo / elide ngokwaneleyo ukukhwela ngaphandle kwesihlalo sobuxhasi akufanele bahlale esihlalweni sokuqala. Uninzi lwemibutho lincoma ukuba abantwana abali-12 nangaphantsi bahlale bekhwela kwisitulo sangasemva. Ukuba ngesizathu esithile umntwana wakho kufuneka ahlale esihlalweni sangaphambili (iinqwelo zokuhlala ezimbini okanye iilori zokuthabatha ezinokwakheka kweekhabhi ezongeziweyo, umzekelo) qiniseka ukuba umbane we-airbag ungasebenzi okanye usebenze kwi-sensor ene-othomathiki ukuyikhupha phantsi kwisisombululo esithile.
Andifanele ukuba ndithethe. Abantwana akufanele baqhube ngeloli, kodwa ndibona njalo. Ingaba uyadlala ngam? Ngaba unomdla ngalo mntwana?
Abantwana Abahamba Ngabalulekanga
I-Arizona inxaxheba kwiprogram enesihloko esithi "Abantwana Abangenakudlula Abahambayo" apho unakho ukuya kwiseseshoni yoqeqesho lweehora ezimbini ekukhuselekeni kwabantwana. Kukho umrhumo wokuya khona. Inkqubo ye-CAPP inikezela iiklasi zokuhlala ezikhuselekileyo kwiindawo ezijikeleze i-Valley. Ukuba ufumene isicatshulwa sokungavumi kakuhle umntwana wakho, unokwenza okanye ulwaphulo olususwe emva kokuya kwiklasi. Ukuba ungenayo isitulo seemoto, unokunikezelwa kwiseshoni yoqeqesho. Iiseshoni ziyafumaneka ngesiNgesi naseSpain kule ndawo zilandelayo:
IMayo Clinic, 480-342-0300
5777 E Mayo Blvd., Phoenix
Isebe lePolisa leTempe, 480-350-8376
1855 East Apache Blvd., Tempe
I-Desert Medical Center, 602-230-2273
1400 S. Dobson Rd., Mesa
Isibhedlele saseMaryvale, 1-877-977-4968
5102 W. Campbell Ave., Phoenix
USt. Joseph, 1-877-602-4111
350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix
Nceda ubize indawo ekufutshane nawe malunga nolwazi oluthile.
Iingcebiso zokugqibela
Ukuba uthenge isitulo semoto okanye isihlalo sokhuseleko, kwaye ufuna uncedo ukuqinisekisa ukuba lufakwe kakuhle, qhagamshelana nommandla weSebe leMlilo elikufuphi kwaye ubuze ukuba ngaba baya kuqhuba isitifiketi seemoto. Akuyi kubakho intlawulo kuloo nkonzo.
Ukuba unomntwana utyelele, ungaqeshisa izixhobo zokukhusela ezifanelekileyo kwiindawo zokuqashisa ezithwala izixhobo zentsana, njengeeflebhu kunye nezihlalo eziphezulu.
Ukuziphendulela: Andiyena igqwetha, ugqirha okanye umenzi weenkqubo zokuzikhusela abantwana. Ukuba unemibuzo ethile malunga nomthetho wase-Arizona njengoko kusebenza kuwe okanye kwisithuthi sakho, nceda uqhagamshelane neyezinye iingcali ezikhankanywe ngasentla okanye umenzi wesistim sakho sokukhusela umntwana.