I- National Mall , njengengundoqo enkulu yaseWashington DC, ibuyela emva kokusungulwa kweSixeko saseWashington njengesisigxina esisigxina seburhulumente wase-United States. Indawo yoluntu namhlanje eyaziwayo njengeMall iguquke ngokukhula kwesi sixeko kunye nesizwe. Ukulandela isishwankathelo esifutshane sembali kunye nophuhliso lweSizwe seMall.
Isicwangciso se-L'Enfant kunye neNational Mall
Ngomnyaka we-1791, uMongameli uGeorge Washington wamisela uPharles Charles L'Enfant, umyili waseMelika ozalwayo kunye neenjineli zezobugcisa, ukuyila ireytare elishumi-mitha yommandla wenkxaso-mali njengenkunzi yesizwe (iSithili sase-Columbia).
Izitratato zedolophu zafakwa kwisigidi esisebenza ngasentla-ntshona kunye nempuma-ntshona-ntshona kunye "neendlela ezinkulu" eziwela i-grid kunye nezijikelezo kunye nezikhalazo ezivumela izikhala ezivulekileyo zeemboniso kunye neememori. I-Enfant yayibheke "i-grand avenue" enyuka malunga ne-1 mile ubude phakathi kweCapitol Building kunye nesimo se-equestrian saseGeorge Washington ukuba sibekwe ngasezantsi kweNdlu eNgcwele (apho i- Monument yaseWashington ikhona ngoku).
Isicwangciso sikaMcMillan sika-1901-1902
Ngomnyaka we-1901, uSeninkulu uJames McMillan waseMichigan waqulunqa ikomiti yabaqulunqi abaziwayo, abaqulunqi bemvelo, kunye nabaculi ukwenza isicwangciso esitsha seMall. Isicwangciso seMcMillan sandisa kwisicwangciso se sixeko sase-L'Enfant kwaye sakha i-National Mall esaziyo namhlanje. Isicwangciso esibizwa ukuba sivuselele kwakhona i-Capitol Grounds, sandisa i-Mall ngasentshonalanga kunye nezantsi ukuze senze iWest kunye neMpuma yePotomac Park, ukukhetha iiSikhumbuzo zeLincoln Memorial kunye neJefferson Memorial kunye nokufudula umzila wesitimela saseYunivesithi (ukwakha i- Union Station ), ukwakhiwa kweofisi kamasipala enxantathu eyenziwa yiPennsylvania Avenue, Street Street, kunye ne-National Mall (Federal Triangle).
I-National Mall kwiNkulungwane yama-20
Ngexesha le-1900 leminyaka, i-Mall yaba yindawo yokuqala yeso sizwe kwimibhiyozo kawonkewonke, imibutho yomphakathi, imibhikisho kunye neentlanganiso. Iziganeko eziziwayo zibandakanya iMatshi ka-1963 eWashington, ngo-1995 iMillion Man March, 2007 i-Iraq War Protest, i-Rolling Thunder yonyaka, ukuvulwa koMongameli kunye nezinye ezininzi.
Kwiminyaka yonke, i- Smithsonian Institution yakha iimyuziyam zehlabathi (ezili-10 zizonke namhlanje) kwiSizwe seMall zinika uluntu ithuba lokufikelela kwiiqoqo ezivela kwiinambuzane kunye ne-meteorites ukuya kwiindawo zokuhamba kunye ne-spacecraft. Iikhumbuzo zeSizwe zakhiwe lonke le nku lungwane ukuze zihloniphe imifanekiso yabalinganiswa abaye banceda ukuloba isizwe sethu.
I-National Mall namhlanje
Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-25 bavakashela i-National Mall ngamnye ngonyaka kwaye icebo lifunekayo ukuze kugcinwe intliziyo yesizwe-ntloko. Ngo-2010, i- National Mall Plan isayinwe ngokusemthethweni ukuvuselela nokuhlaziya izibonelelo kunye nezibonelelo kwiSizwe seMall ukuze iqhubeke nokusebenza njengesigaba esiphezulu kwimisebenzi yoluntu kwizizukulwana ezizayo. I-Trust ye-National Mall yasungulwa ukuba ibandakanye uluntu ngokudala isicwangciso sokuhlangabezana neemfuno zabantu baseMerika kunye nenkxaso yeNkonzo yeSizwe yePaki.
Iinkcukacha eziBalulekileyo zeMbali kunye neeDati
- Ukwakhiwa kweZakhiwo zeCapitol kwaqala ngo-1793.
- I-Smithsonian Institution yasungulwa yiCongress ngo-1847.
- Ukwakhiwa kweSikhumbuzo saseWashington saqala ngowe-1848 kodwa akuzange kugqitywe ukufika ngo-1884.
- Isitishi seManyano sakhiwa ngo-1907 njengenxalenye yeSicwangciso seMcMillan, esivumelekile ukususwa kweendlela zokuziphatha ezingabonakaliyo kwiMall kunye nokuphelisa isidingo se-Baltimore ne-Ohio Railroad esikulo ndawo ekhoyo kwiziko leNgcaciso yezobuGcisa.
- Imithi yeCherry eyanikelwa uhlanga ngeJapan yatsalwa nge-Tidal Basin ngo-1912.
- ISikhumbuzo saseLincoln sazinikezelwa ngowe-1922.
- Isikhumbuzo sikaTomas Jefferson sagqitywa ngowe-1939
Amaziko aneGunya kwiSizwe seMall
- IBhunga elicebisa ngokuLondolozwa kweMbali (ACHP) - Isebe lombuso licebisa uMongameli kunye neNgqungquthela kumgaqo-nkqubo wokugcina umlando.
- IKomishoni YezobuGcisa (CFA) - Ikhomishini, eyadalwa ngo-1910, icebisa malunga nokuyila kunye ne-aesthetics yezakhiwo zokwakha ukuze kugcinwe isidima senkunzi yesizwe.
- IKhomishoni yoCwangciso loPhuhliso lweSizwe (NCPC) - I-arhente yolawulo lwesibonelelo sikaRhulumente, esungulwe ngo-1924, inikeza iingcebiso kwiiprojekthi ezichaphazela i-capital capital nation and surrounding areas.
- I-National Park Service / iNational Capital Region (i-NPS / NCR) kwiNgingqi ye-Washington Metropolitan) Njengesiko leSebe le-International, i-National Park Service iyayinakekela kwaye inika iinkonzo kwiipaki zikazwelonke zaseMelika.