Ngomhla ka-16 kuDisemba, abantu baseMzantsi Afrika bagubha uSuku woLungano, iholide kawonkewonke ekhunjulwa kweziganeko ezibini ezibalulekileyo, zombini ezanceda ukuloba imbali yelizwe. Oku kutshanje kwale ndlela kwakunguMkhonto weSizwe, ingalo yomkhosi ye-African National Congress (ANC). Oku kwenzeke ngoDisemba 16th 1961, kwaye kwaphawula ukuqala komzabalazo olwaziyo ukulwa nobandlululo.
Isiganeko sesibini senzeke eminyakeni engama-123 ngaphambili, ngoDisemba 16, 1838. Le nto yayiyiMfazwe yoMlambo weGazi, ephakathi kwabahlali bamaDatshi kunye namaqhawe aseZulu kaKumkani uDingane.
Imvelaphi
Xa abaseBrithani bekholisa iKapa kwiminyaka eyi-1800 yokuqala, abalimi abakhuluma isiDatshi bafaka iibhegi zabo kwiinqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo kwaye baphumelela kulo lonke elaseMzantsi Afrika befuna umhlaba omtsha ngaphaya kolawulo lwaseBrithani. Laba bafudukelayo baziwa ngokuba yiVoortrekkers (isiBhulu ngenxa yabangaphambili okanye oovulindlela).
Izikhalazo zabo kwiBrithani zishicilelwe kwi-Great Trek Manifesto, ebhalwe ngu-Voortrekker inkokheli uPiet Retief ngoJanuwari 1837. Ezinye zezikhalazo eziphambili zazibandakanya ukungabikho kwemali eyanikwa iBrithani ngokuxhasa abalimi ukukhusela umhlaba wabo kwisiXhosa izizwe zomda; kunye nomthetho osandul 'ukulwa nobukhoboka.
Ekuqaleni, iVoortrekkers yadibana nokuncinci okanye ukungaxhatshazi njengoko befudukela empuma-mpuma kummandla waseMzantsi Afrika.
Umhlaba wawubonakala ungabikho abantu-isifo seqela elinamandla kakhulu eliye lafudukela kummandla ngaphambi kweVoortrekkers.
Ukususela ngo-1818, izizwe zesiZulu ezisenyakatho zaye zaba yimbutho yamandla amakhulu, inqoba amaqela amancinci kunye nokuyihlanganisa ndawonye ukudala umbuso phantsi kolawulo lukaKumkani uShaka.
Abaninzi abachasene noKumkani Shaka babalekela ezintabeni, beyeke iifama zabo baza bashiya ilizwe lingekho. Kungekudala, nangaphambi kokuba iVoortrekkers iwele kwiNgingqi yeZulu.
I-Massacre
URetief, entloko yesoliwe yaseVoortrekker, wafika eNatali ngo-Oktobha 1837. Wadibana nekosi yasekuhlaleni yamaZulu, uKumkani uDingane, inyanga kamva, ukuze azame ukuxoxisana nobuni bomhlaba. Ngokomxholo, uDingane wavuma - kwimeko yokuba uReeef wafumana ngokuphindaphindiweyo iinkomo eziliwaka ezilibiweyo ezibiwe kuye yiNtloko yeTlokwa.
URetief namadoda akhe baphumelela ukufumana iinkomo, bezinikela kwikomkhulu yesizwe sakwaZulu ngoFebruwari 1838. NgoFebruwari 6, uKumkani uDingane usityinwe isivumelwano sokunika umhlaba weVoortrekkers phakathi kweentaba zaseDrakensberg kunye nxweme. Kungekudala emva koko, wamemela uRitief kunye namadoda akhe kwintambo yasebukhosini isiselo sokusela phambi kokuba bashiye umhlaba wabo omtsha.
Emva kokungena ngaphakathi kwinqanaba, uDingane wayala ukubulawa kwabantu kukaRetief namadoda akhe. Akuqinisekanga ukuba kutheni uDingane wakhetha ukuhlambalaza icala lakhe kwisivumelwano. Ezinye iimithombo zibonisa ukuba wayethukuthele ukugatya kukaRetief ukunikela izibhamu kunye namahashe ukuya kwisiZulu; Abanye bacetyisa ukuba wayeyika into engenzekayo ukuba iVoortrekkers eneebhamu kunye neemvume zavunyelwa ukuhlala kwimida yakhe.
Abanye bakholelwa ukuba iintsapho zeVoortrekker ziqalise ukuhlala phantsi komhlaba ngaphambi kokuba uDingane asayine isivumelwano, isenzo asithatha njengobungqina bokungahloneli amasiko aseZulu. Naluphi na ukucinga kwakhe, ukubulawa kwabantu kwakuboniswa yiVoortrekkers njengento yokungcatsha eyonakalisa ukuba kukho ukholo oluncinane phakathi kweBoers kunye neZulu iminyaka emashumi ezayo.
Imfazwe yoMlambo weGazi
Kulo lonke elase-1838, imfazwe yahlaselwa phakathi kweZulu kunye neVoortrekkers, ngasinye sinqwenela ukusula esinye. Ngomhla kaFebruwari 17, amaqhawe aseDingane ahlasele iinkampu zaseVoortrekker yonke i-Bushman's River, ebulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-500. Kule ndawo, malunga no-40 kuphela babengamadoda amhlophe. Bonke abanye babengabesifazana, abantwana kunye nabakhonzi abamnyama abahamba ngeVoortrekkers.
Ingxabano yafika entloko ngomhla wama-16 kuDisemba kwi-bend efihlakeleyo kuMlambo iNcome, apho i-Voortrekker yamandla amadoda angama-464 ayimise kwi-bhanki.
IVoortrekkers iholwa nguAndries Pretorius kunye nomlando ukuba ubusuku ngaphambi kokuba imfazwe, abalimi bathabatha isifungo sokubhiyozela loo mini njengeholide lenkolo xa bevela ngokuphumelela.
Ngentsasa, phakathi kwama-10,000 kunye nama-20 000 amaqhawe ase-Zulu ahlasele iinqwelo zawo, zikhokelwa ngu-Ndlela Sompisi. Ngenzuzo yebhamu ngapha nangapha, iVoortrekkers yakwazi ukubanqoba ngokulula abahlaseli babo. Ngemini yemini, i-Zulus ezingaphezu kwama-3 000 zafa zifile, ngoxa kuphela abathathu baseVoortrekkers balimala. I-Zulus zaphoqeleka ukuba zibaleke kwaye umlambo wavuka obomvu ngegazi labo.
Imva
Ukulandela imfazwe, iVoortrekkers yakwazi ukubuyisela izidumbu zikaPiet Retief kunye namadoda akhe, zibafihla ngomhla kaDisemba 21st 1838. Kuthiwa bafumene isibonelelo somhlaba esayinwe phakathi kwezinto eziphathekayo zabantu abafileyo, kwaye bazisebenzisa ukuze bahlalise umhlaba. Nangona iikopi zezibonelelo zikhoyo namhlanje, i-original yalahleka ngexesha leMfazwe yase-Anglo-Boer (nangona abanye bakholelwa ukuba akuzange kubekho nakhona).
Kukho izikhumbuzo ezimbini kwi-Blood River. Indawo yeLifa leMveli leGazi libandakanya ukukhawuleza okanye ukukhwela kweenqwelo zethusi, ezakhiwe kwindawo yokulwa ukuze zikhunjulwe ngabakhuseli beVoortrekker. NgoNovemba ka-1999, uNkulumbuso waKwaZulu-Natali wavula iMyuziyamu ye-Ncome kwimpuma yomlambo. Inikezelwa kuma-3,000 amaqhawe aseMelika alahlekelwe ubomi bawo kwaye anikezela ngokuchazwa kwakhona kweziganeko ezikhokelela ekuxabaneni.
Emva kokukhululwa kobandlululo ngo-1994, ukukhumbula umkhosi wokulwa, ngoDisemba 16, kwavakaliswa kweholide kawonkewonke. Ebizwa ngokuba yiSuku loNxibelelwano, kuthethwa ukuba lube ngumqondiso weMzantsi Afrika esanda kumanyaniswa. Kwakhona ukuvuma ukubandezeleka kumaxesha athile kulo lonke ilizwe lomhlaba ngabantu abanemibala yonke kunye neentlanga.
Eli nqaku lihlaziywe nguJessica Macdonald ngoJanuwari 30 ngo-2018.