Isixeko sokuqala kunye neziganeko ezibalulekileyo
I-Paris ibe yindawo ephakamileyo ye-metropolis kunye neziko lobugcisa kunye nobugcisa kwiminyaka emininzi. Iingcambu zedolophu zifikelela kwikhulu lesithathu BC, kunye neempembelelo zenkcubeko njengezohlukeneyo njengeCeltic, isiRoma, iScandinavia, nesiNgesi ziboshwe kwilifa elilizityebi. Yimbali ede kakhulu kwaye ilukhuni ukuba isishwankathele, kodwa nantsi i-akhawunti emfutshane malunga neziganeko ezibalulekileyo kunye neenyaniso.
Iimviwo eziphambili eParis Imbali:
- Inkulungwane yesithathu ye-BC: Indawo ejikeleze i -Ile Ile de la Cité kunye neenxweme ezinqabileyo zeMlambo i- Seine ihlaziywe isizwe sabalobi beCelt, eParis . Ukuhlaliswa kuthiwa yiLutetia .
- 52 BC: Ubukhosi baseRoma phantsi kweJulius Caesar buyibamba isixeko, esiba yinxalenye yommandla waseRoma obizwa ngokuba yiGaul.
- Phantse kwi-250 AD: uLutetia unqulo. Iicawa zokuqala zakhiwa.
- Iinkulungwane ze-4-9: Ukuhlasela kukaFrank noNorman. UClovis Ndikumemezela ubukumkani baseGaul kwaye ndibiza uLutetia eParis.
- 1163: Ukwakhiwa kweTeat Dame Cathedral kuqala. Kwaye kuthatha phantse amabini amabini kunye namakhulu abasebenzi ukuba bazalise lo mboniso wobugcisa bokuqala be-gothic.
- Ikhulu le-12 neleshumi le-13: Ezinye izikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo kunye neziza zakhiwa, kubandakanywa inkulu yamathedale eS Sorbonne naseSainte-Chapelle . Ixhaphaza ( iMarais ) kwibhankini elungileyo le-Seine litshitshisiwe kwaye isixeko sinyuka ngasentla kwe-Seine. Kwi-1200, ukwakha inqaba equka uLouvre , ejikeleze isixeko esikude.
- Ngasekupheleni kwe-14 leminyaka: Phantse isiqingatha sababantu baseParis siyabhujiswa sisibetho, esaziwa ngokuba yi-Black Death, ejikelezayo kwiYurophu yaseNtshona. Okumangalisayo kukuba, isibetho sasiza kubakho ukusweleka kwezabasebenzi ezazinenzuzo kubahlali, kunye nokuqulunqwa kwe-bourgeoisie, okanye iklasi ye-mercantile.
- 1449: UJoan waseArc kunye namaFrentshi anqoba iNgesi e-Orléans, ephelela malunga neshumi leminyaka eyi-Norman yesiNgesi elawula iFransi. INgesi ekugqibeleni iqhutywe eFransi ngo-1453.
- Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15: I-Renaissance (ngokoqobo, "ukuzalwa kwakhona") iqala eParis, iguqula loo mzi ube yindawo ephuculisayo yobugcisa, isayensi kunye nokwakha. Ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kubangela ukuba isixeko sitshathwe.
- Ekupheleni kweXesha le-16: Ukuxabana kwezenkolo phakathi kwamaProtestanti kunye namaKatolika kubangela ukubulawa koSuku lweSt. Bartholomew. Ngaphezu kwama-3000 amaProtestanti aseHuguenots abhubha ekubulaweni kwabantu.
- 1643: Xa uneminyaka eyi-5, uLouis XIV, owaziwa nangokuthi unguKumkani weSizwe, uba ngukumkani waseFransi. Ukulawula kwakhe kubonisa ixesha lokuphumelela okukhulu-kungabonakali ukubola. UKumkani wakha iVersailles ngowe-1623, ekhupha ikhulu lamandla ukusuka ePalais Royal kwiParti ephakathi ukuya kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni.
- 1774: ULouis XVI wenyuka etroneni. Eyaziwayo ngenxa yokungakwazi kwakhe kwezombusazwe kunye nentlalo kunye nokulungiswa kwakhe kokuzikhethela kunye nama-clocks kunye namawashi, utshatile noMarie Antoinette, intombi engumntwana we-Austrian empress ogunyazisiweyo uMaria Theresa.
- NgoJulayi 14, 1789: Ijele laseBastille eParis linyuka kwaye litshiswa kwi-ribble, ephawula ukuqala kweNguqulelo yesiFrentshi. ULouis XVI noMarie Antoinette basolwa ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokungakhathaleli kwintlungu yabantu.
- 1792: Ukuwa kobukumkani kunye nokuvakaliswa kweRiphabhulikhi yokuqala yaseFransi. Ngo-1793, u-Louis XVI no-Marie Antoinette baqeshwe.
- 1793-1799: I-Revolutionary "yolawulo loyiko" iholele kumawaka eminyango kunye neengxabano eziqhelekileyo, kwaye iParis iyindawo ephakathi kwayo. Inkolo ivaliwe kwaye ikhalenda entsha isungulwa.
- Ngo-1799: Umntu oyiNguqulelo jikelele u-Napoleon Bonaparte ugxininisa urhulumente ongavumelekanga. Uba nguMlawuli ngo-1804. Ulawulo lwakhe lubeka i-hiatus emzabalazweni weFransi ukuya kwiRiphabhuliki-oku kufanekiselwa nguNapoleon ukufudukela kwisihlalo sobukhosi samandla eVersailles. I-taste of Emperor yamandla kunye noyisoyisa ikhokelela ekoloniyali ye-swathes enkulu eNyakatho Afrika. Uyanqotshwa eManziloo ngo-1815.
- Ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka: I-Paris ehlala ebonakalayo namhlanje iyakhiwa nguBaron Haussmann, phantsi kolawulo lukaMlawuli uNapoleon III. I-boulevards yeWide kunye nenkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi yendawo yokuhambisa amanzi yithatha indawo yezona ndawo zincinci, ezincinci zengxowankulu kunye neNkwenkwezi zeso sixeko.
- 1870: Ukulandela imfazwe eyingozi namaPrussia, iRiphabliki yesithathu ibhengezwe, imakisha ukuqala kwamaziko enkululeko yentando eFransi. I-Belle Epoque ivula, elinye ixesha elibuciko lobugcisa kunye neenkcubeko kwimbali yaseParis. I-architecture ye-Art entsha kunye neentshukumo zobugcisa ezinjenge-impressionism zithatha ihlabathi ngokuqhwithela.
- Ngama-1920 no-1930: I- Paris yenye yeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ebomini yokutshintshwa kobugcisa kunye noncwadi. USalvador Dali, uPablo Picasso, kunye ne "Lost Generation" yabalobi abakhuluma isiNgesi njengoEnest Hemingway, uJames Joyce, uJames Baldwin, uGertrude Stein noEzra Pound benza iParis ikhaya labo.
- Ngowe-1940: iJamani yamaNazi ihlasela i-Paris kunye nemizila e- Champs-Elysées . Umsebenzi weminyaka emine uqala. Jikelele uCharles de Gaulle ubalekela eLondon aze aqhube ukunyanzelisa ukunyuka kwamanye amazwe, uthumele imiyalezo kwiintsholongwane kwi-radio yaseBrithani.
- Ngowe-1942: Urhulumente wabambiswano waseParis unceda ukulungiselela ukuthunjwa okukhulu kwamaYuda aseFransi kwiinkampu zoxinzelelo zamaNazi, kuqala ukuwahlanganisela kwiVelodrome d'Hiver kufuphi ne- Eiffel Tower .
- Ngowe-1944: I- Paris ikhululiwe yimikhosi yama-Allied. Esi sixeko siyasinda ekubhujisweni ngamaNazi xa igosa lila ukuthobela imiyalelo kaHitler.