Iindawo zokuSebenza zeDynamo kwilizwe elikufutshane neDunkirk

01 ngo 04

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II yokuSebenza kweDynamo kunye neendawo eziseDunkirk

Iziza ezinxulumene ne-Operation Dynamo zifaka ubungqina bokusasazeka kwamabutho angama-Allied ukusuka e-Dunkirk ngo-Meyi noJuni 1940. Uya kufuna imoto ukufikelela kwezinye zazo.

Zihlala zivela kwiindawo zokulwa neenqanawa zemfazwe elwandle lwaseZuydcoote ukuya kwisiza sokuqhaqha apho amasosha aseBrithani avela kwiRoyal Warwickshire kunye neCheshire Regiments kunye neRoyal Artillery babulawa ngegazi elibandayo.

Ngo-2015 kwiminyaka engama-75 ye-Operation Dynamo yonke i-flotilla yeenqanawa ezincinci zathatha inxaxheba kwimpumelelo enkulu ekumanyelweni kwesi siganeko.

02 we 04

Iinqwelo zeDynamo eziphazamisekile kwiBhitshi eZuydcoote ngaphandle kweDunkirk

Zuydcoote Ibhitshi kunye neeNqwelo eziPhukileyo

Qala kummandla wonxweme enyakatho yeDunkirk eZuydcoote. Ipaki kwindawo yokupaka imoto uze kuqala kwiHhovisi loLwazi apho uza kufumana iincwadana kunye neemephu. Qinisekisa ukuba uya kwindawo ephantsi. Hlola kuqala nge-Dunkirk Tourist Office. Hlola kwakhona nabo ukuba uBruno Provost okanye esinye isikhokelo sithuba kwirejista yolwazi nokuba unokwenza ityelelo. Kufanelekile; iingcali zengingqi zizisa ibali elipheleleyo.

Hamba ngaphesheya kwesibhakabhaka esikhulu sentlabathi ukuya apho amanzi anqumla khona ukuphahlazeka kwe- Eagle Crested . Ekuqaleni isi-English paddle steam eyakhelwe ngo-1925, wayesebenzisana nomsebenzi wakhe phakathi kweLondon noRamsgate, exhotywe ngemibhobho ye-telescopic ukuhamba ngaphantsi kweebhulogi zaseLondon. Ukufakela izixhobo ezichasene neenqwelo zezixhobo, okumele ukuba yayibukeka kakuhle kwi-steamer, ifike ngoMeyi 28, ngo-1940 kwi-pierta yaseMpuma yase-Dunkirk ukuze ithathe inxaxheba kwi-Operation Dynamo.

Amajoni angama-600 atyhutyha kwi-board kwaye wahamba waya eNgilani. Ukudlula iMala les Bains, uStuka waqala ukuqhubhisa ibhomu. Umqhubi wagijima umkhombe wagqitha u-beach yeZuydcoote. Kwakuyimigudu yokutshabalalisa; Uninzi lwabo bebhodini litshitshiswa ekufeni kwisinyithi esityhidiweyo, okanye umatshini oqhutywe yiindiza eziphezulu, okanye ugxilwe elwandle. Ukutshatyalaliswa ngokwabo kwandwendwelwa ngamajoni aseJamani ngenxa yeenkuni kunye nentsimbi, ngokwenene nayiphi na into eyayinokuba luncedo kubo, kwaye ishiye elwandle.

Ibali laqhelana neFransi kunye neVeki yeVeki yeVeki eZuydcoote , iqwalasele intsha uJean Paul Belmondo.

Namhlanje i- Eagle Crested ihlala entlabathi, izixhobo zayo ezibonakalayo ezixutywe kwi-anemones yolwandle, iimbumba kunye nokugqwala.

Eminye iShiphuphulo e-Beach
Kukho ezinye iingubo ezi-5 ezibonakalayo kule nxalenye yonxweme. I-Devonia ihlala empuma, ngokubhekiselele kwisithuba seBray-Dunes. Eyakhelwe ngo-1905, yaguqulwa yaba yi-minesweeper ngowe-1939, yafika eDunkirk ngeDynamo kodwa yayonakaliswa ibhomu ngoMeyi 30.

Eminye i-3 ayifanelekanga kwimfazwe, kodwa kufunekakile ukuhamba. I- Vonette , elandelayo ihamba nge- Eagle Crested kwi-Bray Dunes yayiyi-schooner engama-3. Endleleni esuka eLison ukuya kwiiGravelines, elayishwa ityuwa, wabanjwa esitratweni waza wanyuka.

Kukho ukuphazamiseka kwesibhagi seplanga nje emva kwe- Crested Eagle kunye nelinye elunxwemeni ukuya kwiLeffrinckoucke.

ISanatorium ngexesha leMfazwe
Ukusuka elunxwemeni, jikela e-Dunkirk kwaye ubona iSanatorium eyaqala njengesibhedlele waza waba isibhedlele somkhosi kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I kunye neMfazwe yehlabathi II. Ekugqibeleni kwemfazwe ngowe-1939 loo ndawo yachithwa yintsapho kunye nabantwana, ishiye izigulane ezingama-420. Ingxenye yalo yahlala yindlu yokuhlaselwa; enye inxalenye yaba isibhedlele somkhosi. Ukulimala kokuqala kwafika ngoMeyi 10 emva kokuhlasela kweBelgium kunye neeseshoni ezisebenza ezintlanu zasebenza ngekhefu. Ukususela ngoMeyi 20, amasosha angama-600 ahlasele apha imihla ngemihla kwaye isibhedlele saphathwe ngaphezu kwe-10 000. Ngendlela yamaJamani afika bombardment esibhedlele; abaninzi bafa baza bangcwatyelwa kwiindunduma, kwindawo encinane kufuphi nesibhedlele nakwezinye iindawo. Ukususela ngoJuni 4 ukuya phambili, amaJamani awathatha esibhedlele waza wabuya nawo onke amanxeba.

Ekupheleni kwemfazwe, isibhedlele sahlanjululwa nantoni na efanelekileyo kunye nezinto zokwakha. Kwiminyaka engama-25 kamva, yavuselelwa kwakhona kwaye yabonakala kwifilimu yaseBelmondo, ngeveki eZuydcoote . Namhlanje sisibhedlele kubahlali.

I-Dunkerque Tourist Office
4 Beka uCharles Valentin
59140 iDunkerque
Inombolo: 00 33 (0) 3 28 66 79 21
Iwebhusayithi

• Hlola iindlela eziKhethekileyo zokukhunjulwa eMntla weFransi

Oluthe xaxa malunga nokuSebenza kweDynamo

• Ibali leMisebenzi yeDynamo kunye neMikhumbuzo encinci yoMkhumbi

Ukuya eDunkirk

Ndahamba ukusuka eDever ukuya eDunkirk ngeDFDS Seaways. Zihlala zihamba ngomkhombe imihla ngemihla kulo lonke iimoto kunye nabagibeli. Uhambo luthatha iiyure ezingama-2 zihamba ukusuka kwi-£ 39.

Ulwazi lwe-DFDS Seaways kunye nokuBhokwa

Olunye ulwazi malunga nokuya eFrance ngeFerry evela e-UK

03 we 04

I-Fort des Dunes eLeffrinckoucke ngaphandle kweDunkirk.

Fort Fort des Dunes
Ukuhamba okufutshane nxweme ukuya eDunkirk uya kuza kwi-Fort des Dunes eLeffrinckoucke. Efihliweyo ngeendunduma, iinqaba ezinkulu zakhiwa ngo-1878 ukukhusela i-Dunkirk kunye nechweba ngokuhlasela kwaseMpuma emva kokutshatyalaliswa kweFransi kwimfazwe yaseFranco-Prussian ye-1870.

Ummandla Wonke
Awunayo ingcamango yesilinganiso senqaba xa uhamba ngesango eliphambili. Iquka iikhilomitha ezili-50,000 zeemitha kwaye ingaba namadoda angama-451 emabhawusini angaphantsi komhlaba. Kwakukho izitofu ezivuthayo zomthi, inkqubo yokubonelela ngomoya; umagazini wee-artillery, i-bakery, itanki yamanzi ngaphantsi komhlaba kunye nekhitshi, iikhikhithali, i-abbatoir, i-larder, iindawo zokuhlambela izifo kunye nezizinzi. Kwakukho negazini elikhulu kakhulu lephepha.

Kodwa le nqaba, nakuba yayimangalisa, yayingasasebenzi ngaphambi kokuba iqukumbele kwiinguqu kunye nezixhobo. Ukususela ngo-1880 ukuya ku-1940 i-fort yayisetyenzisiwe njengebrack block kunye nendawo yokusebenza yokuqhuma. Ngokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kwakuyindawo yokuqhawulwa kweCandelo le-Infantry ye-Motorized Infantry phantsi kwe-General Janssen.

Usebenziso lweDynamo kunye ne-Fort
Ngethuba lokuSebenza kweDynamo, i-fort yayibhobhozele kakhulu, yabulala amadoda angaphezu kwe-100 kwaye yabhubhisa ubuninzi bezinto eziseleyo kwisakhiwo. Kwathathwa ngamaJamani kwaye yaba yinxalenye yoLonga lwaseAtlantic. Yayisetyenziswe ngumkhosi waseJamani ukuba igcinwe nakuba ezinye izinto ezikhuselayo zongezwa: i-blockhouse kunye nompu womatshini yakhiwe ukujonga umgca we-Furnes-Dunkerk; kufakwe i-radar mast, kwaye phezulu kwinqaba, isibhamu somatshini esinzima esabekwe kwikhonkrithi.

NgoSeptemba 1944 kwasetshenziswe njengentolongo xa kubanjwe abantu aba-8 abaxhatshazwayo. Bonke badutshulwa kwidonga elingasenyakatho baza bangcwatywa ngomsele phantsi kweenyawo.

Kwaba isikhungo sokuqeqeshwa kwabafundi abangama-3,700 aseJamani amabanjwa emfazwe awayechitha ixesha lawo lokucima iimigodi ngaselunxwemeni kodwa ke wawasebenzisa ngokupheleleyo. Ekugqibeleni kuthengwa ngabaphathi bamanxweme edolophu yaseLeffrinckoucke ngoku isebenzisa isayithi.

Namhlanje indawo enokuthula yokuhamba, ukuhla kweendlela, ukuya kwiindawo zokuqala eziphezulu ukuya phezulu ukuya kwinqanaba laseDunkirk elwandle. Iibhloko ze-barrack zibonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemizekelo eyahlukeneyo, ichaza ibali emva kwe-fort ukusuka kwiintsuku zokuqala, ibali labalandeli beNqabayolo, kunye nokukhutshwa kwimizekelo emikhulu.

Fort des Dunes
Rue du 2 Juni 40
Lefrfinckoucke
Iwebhusayithi

Vula uJuni 2-Septemba 20
Ukwamkelwa kwabantu abadala 3 €; Iminyaka eyi-17 ukuya kwe-18 i-€ 1.50; kunye nomntu omdala we-audioguide € 4; 17-18 i-€ 2 iminyaka.

I-Dunkerque Tourist Office
4 Beka uCharles Valentin
59140 iDunkerque
Inombolo: 00 33 (0) 3 28 66 79 21
Iwebhusayithi

• Hlola iindlela eziKhethekileyo zokukhunjulwa eMntla weFransi

Oluthe xaxa malunga nokuSebenza kweDynamo

• Ibali leMisebenzi yeDynamo kunye neMikhumbuzo encinci yoMkhumbi

04 we 04

La Plaine au Bois e-Esquelbecq

Uya kuyidinga imoto ukuya kwisikhumbuzo esikhulu seDenamo yokuSebenza. Ipaki kwindawo yokupaka imoto uze uhambe ngendlela encinane. Kukho ummandla ojikelezayo ukuya ngasekunene kwakho phambi kwindlu encinane emva komthi. Ayibonakali kakhulu kwaye awufumani ngqiqo malunga nokuba ungaphi na ukujika ngakwikhohlo kwaye ujonge kuyo. Iindonga zihlanganiswe ngamagqabi abantu abaphelayo bevela kuzo zonke iintlobo zemibutho, ukusuka kwi-Scouts ukuya kwiirejimenti ezithatha inxaxheba kwenye ukuhlangana kwebhloboni kakhulu.

Ibali legazi le-Essquelbecq
Amasosha aseBrithani avela kwiRoyal Warwickshire kunye neCheshire Regiments kunye neRoyal Artillery balelwa ukuba balibale ukuqhubela phambili kwemikhosi yaseJamani kwi-Dunkirk njengo-Operation Dynamo yaqala ngo-Meyi 1940. Kwakudingeka babambe amaJamani malunga neeyure ezingama-5 kwi-Wormhout. Emva kweeyure ezili-9 zokulwa, abaseBrithani banikezela, bathathwe entolongweni kunye ne-110 kubo, kuquka omnye umFrentshi, bahamba baya e-Esquelbecq baza bahamba eminqubeni. Abaninzi babo balimala; bonke bakhathele ngokupheleleyo.

Baye bathunjwa ngamajoni ukusuka kwi-1 ^St SS Leibstandarte Division, i-bodyguard kaHitler phantsi komyalelo kaWilhem Mohnk. Wanikela umyalelo wokuba akukho namabanjwa athatyathwa, kwaye waxelela amajoni ukuba aphonse iibrenade zamandla kwi-barn, aze asebenzise umkhosi-mkhosi.

Emva nje kokuba iibrenade ziqhuma amaJamani ahamba emveni kokuqhuma kunye namajoni amabini aseBrithani aphuma emkhombeni waya ngasemanzini amancinci. UCaptain Lynn-Allen wabulawa ngumphathi we-SS; UBert Evans wathatha inqabana entanyeni waza wawela emdakeni omnyama waza wacinga ukuba ufile.

IJamani yabuyela egazini ukugqiba umsebenzi. Nawaphi na amajoni asele ephilileyo athathwe ngamaqela e-5 aze adutshulwa, imizimba yawo isele emhlabeni. 15 kubo abazange babulawe kwaye baphumelele ukuba baphile ngoncedo lwabantu basekhaya baseJamani abawabethelela.

Njengobusuku, amaJamani ahamba kunye noBert Evans bakhweba epulazini elisondeleyo, nangona benengalo enye yaqothulwa yi-grenade yokuqala. Wayebanjwe yintsapho yaseBolkulengi, ngoko amajoni aseJamani amthabatha esibhedlele. Wabuyela ngowama-1943.

Imva
Ngowe-1948 iqela lamajoni aseBrithani labuyela kwintsimi yokubulawa kwabantu kwaye isayithi sahlulelwa njengesikhumbuzo. Ngowe-1972 amabutho aseBritani aqala ukudala ingqolowa oyabona namhlanje kwaye ngo-2001 uBert Evans ubuyele ekuvulekeni ngokusemthethweni isayithi.

Ukuphumla kweSayithi
Ingqolowa iya kwelinye icala lesayithi; ngaphesheya kweloluhlu lwemithi ye-beech eholela echibini elalibuyiselwa emva kwemfazwe. Kuphakathi kwesiza umzila ukhokela ngaphaya komfanekiso kunye nesikhumbuzo kumajoni kunye nabantu abafa ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II eFlanders. Kukhunjulwa amasosha ama-Allied kunye namaFrentshi angama-300 nabantu abafa ngaloo mini; mabanjwa; abahlaseli kunye nabahlali abahluphekileyo kwiintsuku ezili-1562 zomsebenzi waseDunkirk.

Ekugqibeleni, khuphuka amanyathelo kwisithuba esincinane sokubukela, esakhiwe emhlabeni esithathwe kwisiza samanzi. Kuphezulu kukho itafile yokuqhelanisa ukubonisa izikhundla zamajoni aseBrithani kunye ne-Waffen SS. Futhi ekude ungabona uCassel , enye yamaphuzu aphezulu ambalwa kule ndawo esicacileyo eselulela eBelgium eseduze.

Amaxhoba okubulala abantu angcwatyelwa eMangcwabeni kaMbutho weeManyeneyo we-Commonwealth e-Esquelbecq kunye namangcwaba aseWormhout naseLedringhem.

Incwadi ityelelo olukhokelwayo ukusuka kwiiofisi zezokhenketho zendawo; kulungile kwaye i-euro 2 kuphela.

I-Esquelbeck Ofisi yezoKhenketho
9 Beka uAlphonse Bergerot
59470 Esquelbeck
Inombolo: 00 33 (0) 3 28 62 88 57

Ofisi yezoKhenketho
60 Indawo yeGeneral de Gaulle
59470 Wormhout
Inombolo: 00 33 (0) 3 28 62 81 23
Iwebhusayithi

• Hlola iindlela eziKhethekileyo zokukhunjulwa eMntla weFransi

Oluthe xaxa malunga nokuSebenza kweDynamo

• Ibali leMisebenzi yeDynamo kunye neMikhumbuzo encinci yoMkhumbi