Nangona ukhonza njengomongameli ngekota elilodwa, uNelson Mandela uya kukhunjulwa ngonaphakade njengenkokheli echaphazelayo uMzantsi Afrika owake wayazi. Uyingxenye yelinen yelizwe - kungekhona nje ngokuba wayengumongameli wokuqala omnyama, kodwa ngenxa yokuba wayesebenza ngokungapheliyo phambi nangemva kokunyulwa kwakhe ukuletha uxolo kunye nokulingana ngokobuhlanga kwilizwe elibonakala ngathi lihlukaniswe ngucalulo.
Namhlanje, ubhekiswa ngothando ngabantu baseMzantsi Afrika ngegama lakhe lezindlu, uMadiba. Umfanekiso wakhe uvela ngemali yesizwe, kwaye kukho uNelson Mandela okukhumbulayo lonke ilizwe. Kule nqaku, sijonge iindawo eziye zazenza ubomi bukaMadiba ebusweni bokuqala, kunye neengcamango ezingasabonwa khona namhlanje.
I-Transkei: Indawo yaseMandela
UNelson Mandela wazalwa ngoJulayi 18th 1918 kwidolophana yaseMvezo, ehlala kwingingqi yaseTranskei eMzantsi Afrika. I-Transkei yayiza kuba ngowokuqala kwezindlu ezili-10 zasekhaya ezimnyama ezazisungulwa phantsi kolawulo lobandlululo, kwaye iminyaka emininzi abahlali bayo bawela ukulawula umda wokungena eMzantsi Afrika. Namhlanje, ngumhlaba wesizwe waseSixhosa owaziwa ngezinto ezimbini - ubunqabileyo, ubuhle obungokwemvelo, kunye nolwazi lwakhe njengendawo yokuzalwa kaMandela kunye nabaninzi bexesha lakhe (kubandakanywa nabalandeli be-Walter Sisulu, uChris Hani no- Oliver Tambo ).
UMandela waya esikolweni eQunu, esecaleni laseMvezo. Yayilapha ukuba wanikwa igama lakhe lobuKristu, uNelson - ngaphambili wayaziwa kwintsapho yakhe njengoRohlilahla, igama lesiXhosa elisithetha "ingxaki".
Namhlanje, iindwendwe eziya kwiTranskei asisayi kubonisa iipassports zazo - ummandla wabuyiselwa eMzantsi Afrika emva kokuwa kobandlululo.
Kukho izimbini ezibalulekileyo kulabo abanethemba lokulandela kwiinyawo zikaMadiba - iMyuziyam yaseNelson Mandela eMthatha, kwisiXeko saseTranskei; kunye neNelson Mandela Youth & Heritage Centre eQunu. Owangaphambili unikezela ngokubheka konke ubomi bomongameli, ngokusekelwe kwincwadi yakhe, Long Walk to Freedom . Kwakhona ibonisa imiboniso yesikhashana kwaye iqulethe isibonakaliso sezipho ezinikezelwe nguMandela ngama-luminari aseMzantsi Afrika nakwamanye amazwe ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe. I-Qunu igxininise kwimpilo yobomi bukaMandela, kunye nenqanaba lemveli elikuthatha kwiindawo ezinqamlekileyo njengokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sakhe esikolweni esidala kunye neentsikelelo zecawa apho wabhaptizwa khona.
I-Johannesburg: Indawo yokuzalwa kaMandela
Ngo-1941, uNelson Mandela wafika eGoli, eshiye iTranskei ukuze aphunyuke umtshato ohleliweyo. Kulapha apho wagqiba i-BA degree, waqala ukuqeqesha njengommeli waza wabandakanyeka ne-African National Congress (ANC). Ngomnyaka we-1944, waqulunqa i-ANC Youth League kunye no-Oliver Tambo, ekugqibeleni wayeza kuba ngumongameli weqela. UMandela kunye noTambo bamisa iqumrhu lokuqala lolawulo lomnyama eMzantsi Afrika apha ngo-1952. Kwiminyaka eyalandela, i-ANC yaqhubeka ikhula kakhulu, kwaye uMoses kunye noontanga bakhe babanjwe ngamanye amaxesha, de ekugqibeleni ngo-1964, yena nabanye abayisixhenxe bagwetywa ubomi entolongweni emva kovavanyo lweRivonia.
Kukho indawo ezininzi eGoli ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngobomi bukaMandela kwisixeko. Ukuyeka kwakho kuqala kufuneka kube yiNdlu kaMandela kwilali yaseSoweto, apho uMoses kunye nentsapho yakhe behlala khona ngo-1946 ukuya ku-1996. Enyanisweni, uMandela wafika apha emva kokugqitywa ngokukhululeka ngo-1990. Ngoku ophantsi kweSoweto Heritage Trust, indlu Ugcwele iMemorabilia kunye neefoto zobomi bakhe ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa eRobben Island. I-Liliesleaf Farm enye inye-kufuneka bayityelele abalandeli bakaMandela eGoli. Efumaneka kwinqanaba laseRivonia, ifama yayiyiziko eliyimfihlo labasebenzi be-ANC ngexesha lama-1960. Namhlanje, iimyuziyam zixelela ibali likaMandela kunye namanye amaqhawe enkululeko, kunye nomzabalazo wabo wokulwa nobandlululo.
URobben Island: Intolongo kaMandela iminyaka eyi-18
Emva kweTyala likaRivonia, uMandela wathunyelwa entolongweni yezopolitiko eRobben Island , e-Cape Bay eTable Bay.
Wahlala apha kwiminyaka eyi-18 ezayo, ehamba ngokunyanzeliswa emsebenzini kwi-quarry emini kwaye elele esitokisini esincinane ebusuku. Ngoku iNdawo yeLifa leMveli le-UNESCO , iRobben Island ayisekho entolongweni. Abavakatye bahlolisise iiseli kunye nekolori nguMandela wayesebenza ngotyelelo lweentsuku ezivela kwiKapa, phantsi kokukhokelwa kwintolongo owayengumntu oza kuzinikela ngokucacileyo ukuba ubomi bungafana njani noMandela kunye namanye amantsholongwane abanjelwe apha . Olunye ukuyeka uhambo lunikezela ngolwazi malunga nomlando weminyaka engama-500, kuquka nexesha layo njengekoloni enqhenqa. Ukugqwesa, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukutyelela ngokomzimba kwi-cell yakhe.
Intolongo yaseVictor Verster: Ukuphela kokuvalelwa entolongweni
Emva kokulwa nomdlavuza wesibeletho kunye nesifo sofuba, uMandela wadluliselwa kwijele lasePollsmoor eKapa waza wachitha ixesha elide esibhedlele. Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe ngo-1988, wathunyelwa kwiKhosi yaseVictor Verster, eseCape Winelands. Wachitha iinyanga ezili-14 zokugqibela zokuvalelwa iminyaka engama-27 entolongweni ngokunyanisekileyo, kwindlu yomgcini kunokuba iseli. Ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari 1990, ukuvinjelwa kwe-ANC kwanyuswa njengoko ubandlululo lwaqala ukulahlekelwa. Ngomhla kaFebruwari 9, uNelson Mandela wagqitywa ekugqibeleni - kwiminyaka emine kamva, wayeya kukhethwa ngentando yenkululeko njengomongameli wokuqala omnyama welizwe. Ijongo ngoku i-Groot Drakenstein yokulungiswa kwezilungiso. Abavakatye beza kuhlawula imbeko yabo kwisigxina esikhulu se-bronze sikaMandela, esakhiwe kwindawo apho athatha khona amanyathelo akhe okuqala njengomntu okhululekileyo.