01 ngo 07
Iitempile ezithandathu kwiiwaka ezivakatye eBagan
Ngamawaka enkampu kunye nokuhlawula ukutyelela, akukho ndlela ehamba phambili yokubona iqoqo leetempileni likaBagan . Iitempile kuloluhlu ziyabonwa ukuba ziyizona zikhulu kakhulu, zibalaseleyo kwaye ziyaziwayo, kwaye zimele zifakwe nakweyiphi na itekisi ehambayo ye-Bagan engaphezu kwemihla.
Ukuhamba kwetempile yemihla, umkhokeli wam u-Aung Kyaw Moe uthi uzinamathela ezimbini: "Uhambo oluhambela umgama, u tyelela i-Shwezigon kunye ne-Ananda," kutsho uMnu. Aung. "Ukuba sele usuye kule ndawo ezimbini, kulungile." Kwizhenketho ezinde, cwangcisa iindlovu zakho zetempile malunga namabala adweliswe apha.
Amazwi ambalwa nje engcebiso: kuba ezimbini zeetempile (iHtilominlo neSeshwesw), abahloli bendawo baya kukhangeleka ukuba unobambelelo olufanelekileyo lwethempelini yeBagan; Ukuhlola okungafunekiyo kunokuthi kwenzeke kwenye indawo. Kwaye ukuba uceba ukubona zonke ezintandathu ngosuku olunye, khetha ukhetho lwe-Bagan olukufumana ngokukhawuleza (imoto kunye nomqhubi, ewe; i-horsecart, isihogo).
Ukufumana intetho efihliweyo yamathempeli eMyanmar, funda iphepha lethu elincinci lokukopela. Olunye uhambo oluthile lwetempile, khangela le uluhlu lweetempileni zeBagan ngokujonga kwelanga .
02 we-07
Ithempeli leShwezigon: I-Stupa eyaqala konke
Ukufana kweShwezigon kuS Shwedagon eYangon ngokubhekiselele ngasemzantsi akukho nantoni na. Emva kokuba uShwezigon igqitywe ngo-1086 AD, ukulinganisa kunye nobuhle beetempile beyimodeli yezinye iintempile ezakhiwe kulo lonke ubukumkani. Shwedagon - i-upstart egqityiwe kwiminyaka emakhulu mane kamva - ingadlulela ukuphefumlelwa kwayo ngobukhulu nobuhle, kodwa ibeka iiphene zayo ngaphambili.
Eyalwe ngu-Anzrata omkhulu osungula u-Anawrahta waza wagqitywa ngumceli wakhe uKyansittha, uyilo lwe-Shwezigon lubonisa impembelelo yezizukulwana zombini. Efana neS Shwedagon ngaphezulu kwezantsi, uShwezigon wakhonza njengomhlaba oqingqiweyo apho ookumkani babemthandazela khona, okanye ukubonga ngenxa yakhe, impumelelo: ikhoneni elingasentla-ntshona laligcinelwe imithandazo enjalo.
Igama leetempile libonakalisa le njongo: " S suku lithetha igolide, i- zigo ithetha umgangatho okanye ukunqoba," umkhokeli wam uMnu. Aung wachaza. "Ukuba ukumkani wayenomcimbi obalulekileyo, bema apho ukuba bathandaze oko bafuna ukukwenza-izifiso zabo ziya kuzaliseka."
Ebushushu obukhulu be-160-foot-high-golden spire, uya kufumana uluhlu lwezinye iintlupheko ezisebenzela zombini izinjongo zesigramental kunye nemfundo. Inkundla ibonisa i-diorama yokuqala yokuhlangana noBuddha kunye neMiboniso emine; Omnye ubonisa uluhlu lwesitya seengqungqelo ezilungiselelwe kwindandatho, apho ungazama ukudubula imali kwisitya.
I-Shwezigon nayo yindawo yokunqula (umoya); isakhiwo esakhiweyo esinezindlu iimpawu ezimele ama-37 aseMyanmar, apho abantu bangathandaza kumninimzi wabo wokukhusela okanye ukunxusa
03 we-07
Ithempeliti yaseHtilominlo: Ode kwi-Umbrella
UKumkani uHtilominlo (waba ngu-1211 ukuya ku-1235AD), owona mncinane kunabo bonke abahlanu oonyana bakaKumkani uSithu II, waqinisekisa ukulawula kwakhe inkolelo-mfundiso, apho isambulela sikaKumkani sawela khona. Igama lobabini uKumkani kunye neNdlu kubonakalisa isiganeko - "hti" (umbrella), "min" (ukumkani), kwaye "lo" (umnqweno omangalisayo) uhlanganiswe kubonisa ukuba i-ambulera yakhetha inkosana ukuba ibe yinkosi elandelayo.
Ithempeli ayilona likhulu kunabo bonke eBagan, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo libala njengelona lihle kakhulu. I-spire yayo iphakama ngamagumbi angama-150 ngaphesheya kwelizwe laseBagan, ngelixa ngalinye lamacala amane lijongene nezikhokelo zamakhadidi ezilinganiselwa kuma-140 ukuya ngaphesheya kweenyawo. Iindonga zomjikelezo ezungeze iHitominlo Ithempeli lihamba kunye neentengiso zemarike ezithengisa imifanekiso, iimpahla kunye nezikhumbuzo ezithintekayo, ukunikezela ngegumbi lethempelini kwindawo efana nemakethe.
Izitena ezibomvu zenza zombini udonga kunye nokwakhiwa kwetempile: ininzi yitena ibonakaliswa, ichaza isitena esicacileyo kunye nesitena esinezinto ezinomdaka omncinane phakathi. Ingaphakathi lethempelini lityhila amane amanani aseBuddha abhekiswe kuzo zonke izikhokelo zamakhadidi. Amagumbi adibaniswe neendawo ezifakwe kwiifrescoes ezibonisa ubomi kunye namaxesha kaBuddha.
Fumana ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngoKumkani kunye negama lakhe lethempeli kule nqaku kwiHitominlo Temple .
04 we-07
Ithempeli likaAnanda: Eyona Tempile epheleleyo
Ithempeli lika-Ananda liyi-cathedral-efana nesakhiwo kunye nabalingana abalingana nobukhulu kunye nobukhulu bokomoya eBagan.
UKingittha - unyana ka-Anawrahta kunye nomgcini emva kokugqitywa kweShwezigon - wayala ukwakhiwa kweTempile ka-Ananda, eyagqitywa ngo-1105AD. Ukuphakama nokupheleliswa kwefomu kaAnanda kwanikela kumabali ambalwa amnyama.
Okokuqala, u-Ananda waxelwa ukuba abe neendlunkulu ze-Ananda zabulala emva kokugqitywa kwetempile, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nenye itempile epheleleyo eyayingayilandela ekuvukeni kukaAnanda. Okwesibini, uKyansittha wayezimisele ukuzingcwaba ephilileyo ehostela lika-Ananda, ekhungula emva kokugonywa ngumninki wakhe oyintloko uShin Arahan.
"Ukuba ufuna ukwakha itempile njengendawo engcwele, musa ukuzibamba!" UMnu Aung ucinga ukuba uShin Arahan uxele ukumkani wakhe. "Ukuba wenza, ayiyi kuba itempile, kuya kuba ngcwaba."
Isicwangciso somgangatho ka-Ananda sifana nesiphambano samaGrike, kunye neendlela ezifikelela kwizikhokelo ezine ezikhawulezayo, ezivela kwiholo ephethe enye yamaBuddha amane, ehleli malunga neekhilomitha ezilishumi ubude kwaye yenziwe ngamaplanga aqingqiweyo. Iindibano zidibaniswe kunye neendlela ezikhethiweyo zendlela ezimbini: i-tunnel yangaphakathi egcinelwe ukusetyenziswa kweentsapho zobukhosi, kunye nangaphandle ukuze kusetshenziswe amonki kunye nabanye abazinikeleyo.
Nangona ilitye elikhulu kunye nezitena ezakha isakhiwo se-Ananda, i-design ithetha kakuhle ukuba ivakale kakuhle kwaye ifakwe kakuhle: iindiza ezidibanisa iindwendwe ukuya ngaphandle kwimoya yemvume kunye nokukhanya ukujikeleza kwi-Ananda Temple, ukugcina indawo yangaphakathi imnandi nangona umkhukula wabakhenkethi abafudumalayo abahamba ngeendlela.
05 we-07
Ithempeli laseDhammayangyi: I-Bad Karma
Ithempeli elikhulu likaBagan lakhiwa ngumtyholi uNarathu, owafika esihlalweni sobukhosi ngokubulala uyise u-Alaungsithu, waza wabuya wabulala. Ngethuba lokulawula kwakhe elifutshane phakathi kwe-1167 no-1171AD, iNarathu yazama ukuguqula i-karma ngokwakha itempile ede kunabo bonke eBagan.
I-Dhammayangyi iyingqayizivele kwimilo yayo yepiramidi, ithempeli elilodwa kuphela kulo lonke elaseMyanmar; izitena zibonisa imilinganiselo ephakamileyo engabonakaliyo eyenziwa yiNarathu yabasebenzi abaye bayiphakamisa.
"I-Narathu yayifuna ukuba iDhammayangyi ibe phezulu kunetempile ephezulu, ingcono kunomfanekiso obalasekileyo [iTempile yaseAnanda]," kusho uMnu. Aung. "Yingakho wayala ukuba abaphathi bamatye babeke iitena zabo kufuphi. I-supervisor yayizakujonga ngedaliti-ukuba ngaba yayingenako ukuyifaka ngedaliti, i-masons yayiya kubulawa."
Ukuphuma kwegazi okunjalo ekugqibeleni kwazisa ubukumkani bakhe obupheleleyo, iminyaka emine nje ekubambeni kwakhe. Emva kokubulala indlovukazi yakhe yaseSri Lankan enomsindo, uNatathu ngokwakhe wabulawa ngababulali bathunyelwa ngumkhwekazi wakhe onomsindo. Xa wafa, i-Dhammayangyi yayingaphelelanga - kwaye yayiza kuhlala yile ndlela.
"Akukho mhlobiso okhethekileyo ngaphakathi kwiDhammayangyi; ezininzi izilwanyana, iphunga langaphakathi libuhlungu kakhulu," kusho uMnu. Aung. "Kwaye abantu basekuhlaleni abanqwenela ukuwela emva kokushona kwelanga - bacinga ukuba itempile ihlaselwa.
06 we-07
Ithempeli likaMinha: IHolo lokudabuka
Ebizwa emva kokumkani waseMongeni owayeyithumbileyo owakhayo, u-Manuha uqukethe imifanekiso emine yobukhulu beBuddha, emithathu phambi kwaye enye ihleli ngasemva. Eyingqayizivele phakathi kweetempileni zikaBagan, u-Manuha wakhiwa yindoda eyayinokubanjwa ekuthinjweni.
UKumkani uMhaha, oBukumkani bukaThoon ngaseningizimu yeBagan wanqotshwa ngu-King u-Anawrahta omkhulu kwikhulu le-11, wahlala iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela eboshwe endlwini eBagan. Wathengisa i-ruby ring yokuphakamisa imali eyimfuneko yokumisela itempile ebizwa ngokuba ngulo xesha: ithempile ende emine, eneentlanganiso ezintathu zeBuddha ezibheke empuma, kunye nesinye isiqingqiweyo seBuddha esibheke ngasentshona kunye nentloko ibhekane ngasentla.
Imifanekiso emithathu ejongene neempuma yeBuddha ejongene nempuma ihlala kwindawo ezixinyiweyo kunye nezilwanyana ezingenakuphakama kuneentsika zeentloko (uBuddha ophakathi uphakama ngamanqina angama-46, ngelixa amaBuddha aphakama ama-33 aphakamileyo). Abahlali bakholelwa ukuba amaBuddha awakhiwe ukuze abonakalise ukukhathazeka kwangaphakathi kukaMnu. Manuha: omnye uhleli uBuddha "unemihlali kunye nemilomo", njengoko isicatshulwa sam sichaza, kunye nesinye isifuba esibonisa ukuba umsindo u-Manuha wagcina entliziyweni yakhe.
I-long-long-90-long-long-long-standing-bill Buddha umfanekiso kumva ibonakalisa uBuddha ebhedeni lokufa kwakhe, uncedo lokucamngca ngobunjani bobukho, uMnu. Aung wachaza - "Ngona noBuddha, kwafuneka afe ngelinye ilanga," wandixelela . "Akukho zikhetho ezikhethekileyo-ukuba kukho ukuzalwa, kuya kubakho ukufa. Ukuba senze izinto ezaneleyo, kwaye ukuba sele senzile ukucamngca okulungileyo, asisoyiki ukufa.
07 we-07
Shwesandaw: I-Sunset Stupa
I-Shwesandaw yenye yeetempile ezintlanu kuphela ezivakatyekayo ukuvakasha (ezinye ziyiThitsa Wadi, South kunye neNyakatho Guni, kunye nePyathatgyi), kodwa iimbono ezivela kwimimandla yazo emihlanu ngokugqithiseleyo yiyona nto ingcono kakhulu oyifumanayo malunga neBagan.
Izitebhisi ezinyukayo zisuka kwisiseko ukuya kumatye aphezulu; i-bannister yensimbi inikeza ithuba lokukhuphuka ngeendlela ezincinci. Ukususela kwisiseko ukuya kwi-hti phezulu, iSwwesandaw ibingama-328; kwimimandla ephezulu phakathi kwama-200-300 inyawo emoyeni, abahambi bahamba kwiimbono zoMlambo waseAyeyarwady kude, kunye nezakhiwo ekufutshane, phakathi kwethempeli laseThebyinnyu (alikwazi ukuliphosa, eli likhulu lethempelini likaBagan ) kunye ne-Museum ye-Archaeological Museum.
Inyikima ye-1975 eyabhubhisa iBagan nayo yashiya uphawu lwayo kwiShwesandaw: into oyibona phezulu kakhulu yinto ebonakalayo yinto elalikhutshwe ngexesha lokududuza (okwangoku ihlala ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-Museum of Archaeological Museum). Ithempeli iphinda ilahleke amakhulu emidaka yodongwe ephethe imifanekiso evela kwi-Jataka Tales.
I-Shwesandaw ivulekile unyaka wonke, kodwa ekuhambeni kweembono zonke, zihamba ngexesha lebusika likaBagan phakathi koNovemba noFebruwari, xa isibhakabhaka sicacile kwaye ukubonakala kukusemgangathweni kwaye kukhanya ngakumbi. Kwakhona kufuneka ufumane ixesha lokutyelela ukuhambelana nokuphuma kwelanga okanye ukushona kwelanga, xa ilanga lenza izitena ezikufuphi zithengisa i-orange orange.