IiHors zasendle, iiMpawu zeNtshona, ukuKhukula ukuphikisana
Eli nqaku lijolise kwingqalelo yamahhashi asendle aseNtshona, ngokukodwa kwi-Nevada. Eyona mbambano yenyuka ngokukhawuleza kubemi bezilwanyana kunye noko kufuneka kwenziwe ukwenzela ukuba kugcinwe amahashe aphilileyo kunye nemimandla yomhlaba apho bahamba khona. Imithetho nemimiselo yokusingatha amahashe asendle achazwe kwiiHors Free-Roaming Horses kunye no-Burros Act ka-1971 (kunye nezilungiso ezilandelayo ngo-1976, 1978, no-2004).
I-arhente eyintloko ephambili ejongene namahashe aseburhulumenteni kunye ne-burros kumhlaba karhulumente yiBhodi yoLawulo lweMhlaba (BLM), ingalo yeSebe lase-United States. I-BLM State Office ye-Nevada ifumaneka kwi-1340 ye-Financial Blvd, i-Reno NV 89502. iiyure zee-ofisi zi-7: 30 ukuya ku-4: 30 ntambama, ngoMvulo ukuya ngoLwesihlanu. Inombolo yocingo yenkcukacha (775) 861-6400. Olunye ulwazi lolu bali lunikezwa nguSusie Stokke, iNkqubo yeHolo yamaHhashi kunye neBroro ekhokelela kwi-BLM Nevada, iCandelo lezoNcedo.
Iifama ezininzi zezilwanyana zasendle
Le ngxaki enzima kunye neendawo ezininzi ezihambayo kunye neminqweno ekhuphisanayo. I-BLM iyadingeka ukulawula amahashe kunye nolwahlulo njengoko kugunyaziwe ngumthetho we-1971 kunye nezilungiso zawo. Ngomfutshane, oko kuthetha ukugcina inani lamahashe alinganayo kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhuphisanayo okunjengenkomo yeenkomo ukuze impilo yezobini kunye neelwandle ingabonakali. Ngokutsho kwe-BLM, kukho amahashe amaninzi ngaphandle kwaye izinto ziphelile.
I-BLM Factsheet ekhutshwe ngoJuni 30, 2008 ithi kukho ama-horses angama-33,000 kunye nama-burros (ama-horse angama-29,500, ama-3,500 burros) kumazwe alawulwa yi-BLM eNtshona Koloni. I-Nevada likhaya malunga nesiqingatha salezi zilwanyana. I-BLM iye yafumanisa i-27,300 njengoko inani lamahashe kunye ne-burros ekwazi ukuhlala kumazwe alo alawulwayo ngokulinganisela kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo (ukutya, izilwanyana zasendle, ukumbiwa kwemigodi, ukuzonwabisa, njl.
Eli nani libizwa ngokuba lifanelekileyo lokulawula (AML). Ehlabathini lonke, kukho ama-5 700 ezininzi izilwanyana ezivulekileyo kwibala. U-Stokke uthe i-AML e-Nevada ngu-13,098, kunye nabantu abangama-23% ngaphezulu kwe-16,143 (ngo-Feyiwari, 2008).
I-BLM inikezela izilwanyana ezingaphezu kwezilwanyana ezisusiweyo ukusuka kwibanga kwiindawo ezincinci zokugcina ixesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide. Kukho ngaphezu kwama-30,000 amahashe kunye ne-burros okhatywayo kunye nokunakekelwa kwiindawo ezininzi, kuquka iPalomino Valley National Adoption Centre esecaleni laseStarks, eNevada. Kunyaka-mali ka-2007, i-BLM yachitha i-$ 21.9 yezigidi ezingama-38.8 zeerhasi zasendle kunye ne-burro bhajethi nje ngokugcina izilwanyana kule ndawo. Iimpawu ezibonelelwe kwiindleko zokuqikelela zeBlueModetsheet zakutshanje ziza kuphindwe kabili ukuya kwizigidi ezingama-77 zezigidi ngo-2012 ukuba iikhompyutheni zolawulo ezikhoyo ziqhutywa. Ekubeni loo mali ingenakwenzeka ukuba yenzeke, i-BLM iya kufuneka yenze iinqunto ezinzima, kungabikho nenye into ekhangayo okanye eyakhayo.
Ukwamukelwa kweeHluma zasendle kumahla
Ukubonelela ihashe kunye ne-burros yokumkela umntwana kuyindlela eyona nto yokuhambisa izilwanyana ezingaphezu kwezilwanyana kunye nolondolozo lwangasese. Nangona iprogram yokuthotyelwa kwe-BLM isagxininisa, amanani ayasasebenzi.
Ngo-2007, izilwanyana ezingama-7 726 zagqitywa kwaye i-4,772 yamkelwa. Ukuqwalasela ukuba amahashe aseburhulumenteni kunye nama-burros angaphinda aphindwe kabini ubukhulu bemfuyo yonke iminyaka emine, kwaye abanalo izidalwa zendalo ngaphandle kweengonyama zeentaba kwiindawo ezimbalwa eziqhekekileyo ezijikeleze iNevada, akunzima ukuzibona ukuba la manani aya kukhankanywa ngaphandle kokuba zenziwe.
U-Stokke uthe ukuthotyelwa kweemvume kuye kwehla iminyaka, kunye neminyaka emibili yokugqibela ehla ngezinga lokukhawuleza. Okwangoku ngo-2008, izinga liyingxenye yesigqibo efunekayo ukufezekisa i-AML ejoliswe yi-BLM. Wathetha ukuba, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezifana nokutshintsha abantu kunye nokunyuka kweendleko, imfuno nje ayikho.
Ukuguquka kweMbali, ukuKhuphula iindleko
Ukugcina amahashe akuncinci. Ngokutsho kweStokke, iitoni ezintandathu zefama ihashe idinga ngemali i-$ 900 ngonyaka ka-2007.
Ngo-2008, kuya kuba ngu-1920. Yongeza kwezinye iindleko ezifana nokutya okusanhlamvu, i-vet bills, i-riding tack, iloli kunye ne-trailer, idlelo kunye nenqolobane, ukugibela (ukuba awuhlali kweli lizwe), kwaye unesilwanyana esinzima kakhulu. Ixabiso lodwa lithintela abantu abaninzi ukuba bangamkeli, kwaye akukho baninzi abantu abanomdla njengoko kwakukho iminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Njengoko uluntu luba ngummandla we-urbanized, inani labantu abaneamahashe njengenxalenye yenkcubeko yabo iyancipha. Ukuhlala kwimizi yasemadolobheni kwakhona kuhamba phezu kweendawo ezijikeleze imida yeedolophu apho indawo evulekileyo, amadlelo kunye neefama zikhona. Kukho nje iindawo ezininzi zokuhamba kwamahashe.
I-BLM izama ukufanisa ukuthotyelwa kunye neendawo ezihlala zineenkcubeko ezinkulu zehashe. I-Nevada ingomnye wabo, kodwa i-urban sprawl inefuthe elibi, kwaye akukho baninzi abantu apha. Abanye baquka iTexas, i-Wyoming, eCalifornia, neWisconsin.
Enye into eyenziwa yiStokke ibonisa ukuhla kwehla kweshishini lamahashe. Xa amaxesha anzima, abantu abaninzi abagcina amahashe, nokuba ama-mustangs asendle okanye ayenjalo, abanako ukukwazi ukwenza njalo. Kwindawo yasePalomino Valley enyakatho yeStarks, wathi i-burros ayisithoba iye yabuyiselwa kulo nyaka, abantu bebala ubunzima bezoqoqosho kuba kutheni bengakwazi ukugcina izilwanyana.
Iingxaki zeHome Solutions
"Ekupheleni, sidinga amakhaya amahle angama-33 000. Ukuba asikwazi ukuzifumana, sinokukhetha ezimbalwa kuphela." Lezi zigqibo ezinzima kakhulu, "kusho uStokke, ngokubhekiselele kumahashe asele ephethe indawo.
Enye indlela ukuyeka ukuqokelela amahashe kwinqanaba, ngaloo ndlela unqumle ukuqokelela kwezilwanyana kwiindawo zokugcina kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso okugcina apho. I-Deputy Executive Director ye-BLM uHenri Bisson, kwimbali yakutshanje kwiReno Gazette-Journal, wathi ukuyeka ukujikeleza kwakuza kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiindawo ezihamba phambili kunye nendlala yamahashe amaninzi.
"Kwaye, into enobunzima kakhulu kuba kukubona ezi zilwanyana zihluphekile kwaye zifa ngokuthe ngcembe kwinqanaba." Kubulawe ngonya, "kusho uStekke. Kwakhona kuya kwaphula umthetho oqulethwe ngumthetho we-1971 ofuna i-BLM ukugcina nokukhusela iifama eziphilileyo kwimhlaba enempilo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamanyathelo kunye ne-euthanasia yinto efuna ukucatshangelwa, uBisson wathi kwi-Associated Press, ngenxa yeengxaki zebhajethi kunye nesidingo sokuthobela umthetho.
I-BLM isele inegunya lokuvuselela ihashe zasendle kunye ne-burros. Ngokutsho kwe-BLM Factsheet, ukulungiswa komthetho wokuqala "ngo-1978" ugunyazisa i-BLM ukuba iqokelele amahhashi angaphandle kunye nama-burros okufunwa ngabantu abakufanelekileyo. "
Ukususela ngo-2004, i-BLM ibiye ithengisa amahashe kunye ne-burros okungenani ubuneminyaka eli-10 ubudala okanye idluliselwe ngokubamkela ubuncinane kathathu. Igunya lokwenza oku lenziwe ngokuchitshiyelwa komthetho wokuqala.
Okwangoku, ukuthengiswa kuye kwaba kuphela kubathengi abacwangcise ukubonelela ngononophelo lwangexesha elide, kodwa kukho ilungiselelo lokuthengisa "ngaphandle kokunciphisa," oku kuthetha ukuba izilwanyana ziyakunikwa nayiphi na into esemthethweni xa isihloko siphelela kwi-BLM kumnikazi wabucala.
Ikhetho lokuqhubeka neshishini njengesiqhelo likhoyo. Ukuba ukwenziwa kwamanyathelo omtshato, ukususwa kunye nokugcinwa kwamanje, kuyaqikelelwa ukuba iindleko ziya kufumana i-$ 77 yezigidi ngo-2012.
Ulwabiwo lwe-2008 lusele ngaphantsi kwelo-2007 ngo-$ 1.8 yezigidi, ngoko alubonakali ukuba kukho inkxaso ngokwaneleyo yezopolitiko ukuqhubeka nenkqubo njengoko ikhona.
Ngokusho kweStokke, ngoku akukho nkonzo elawulayo yokuzala inqwelomoya. Yintoni ekhoyo malunga ne-90% esebenzayo kunyaka wokuqala, ukuba isetyenziswe ngexesha elifanelekileyo lonyaka. Ubume beebhokhwe ezihamba ngeenxa zonke kwiindawo ze-Nevada zenza oku kulukhuni. Nangona kunjalo, i-BLM isebenza kwiprojekthi yophando kunye ne-American Humane Society ukuphuhlisa i-agent yokulawulwa kokuzalwa esebenza kakuhle kwaye isebenza ngaphezu kwexesha leminyaka emininzi.
IiHorses eziKongeziweyo eziKongeziweyo
I-BLM isekela iinkqubo ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni ixabiso lamahhashi asendle ukuba abe ngabamkeli. Ngokubambisana ne-Mustang Heritage Foundation, i-BLM inceda ukuncedisa ukuqeqeshwa kwamahashe aseburhulumenteni ukwenzela ukuba bakhangele ngakumbi njengabaviwa abangamkelwayo kunokuba abo batshabalale.
I-BLM iphinda isebenze kunye namanye amasebe okulungiswa karhulumente. Kwi-Nevada, amabanjwa aqeqeshiwe amahashe asendle afunyanweyo atholakala ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwiSebe lase-Nevada leZilungiso, iZiko elinobuGcisa iZiko loLuleko kwiCityon City. Ngezihlandlo ezahlukahlukeneyo, iifestile zikawonkewonke zamahashe aqeqeshiwe nazo zigcinwe.
Ngolunye ulwazi, nceda ubize (775) 861-6469.
Abantu beCongress bafuna ukwazi ngakumbi
U-Nick Rahall, uSihlalo weKomiti yeNdlu kwiMithombo yeNdalo, kunye noRaul Grijalva, uSihlalo weKomidi elincinci kwiiPaki zeSizwe, amaHlathi kunye namaZiko oLuntu, wabhala uBisson incwadi ebhaliweyo, ngo-Julayi 9, 2008, abhale ukukhathazeka kwabo malunga neendlela ezinokwenzeka nge-BLM ngokubhekiselele ekutshintsheni ihashe yasendle yangoku kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ye-burro kunye nezenzo. Unemibuzo emininzi malunga nokuba njani kwaye kutheni i-BLM ifunyanwa kwisimo sokubheka i-euthanasia yamahashe asendle kunye ne-burros. Bayacela ukuba i-BLM ingathathi nxaxheba kuze kube yilapho i-Office ye-Accountability Office (GAO) ingxelo malunga nokuphathwa kwehashe yasendle kunye ne-burro ifunyenwe kwaye ihlolwe yiCongress, BLM, kunye ne-National Wild Horse kunye neBhodi yeNgcebiso yeBroro.
Ingxelo ibangelwe ngoSeptemba, 2008.
Hambisa izimvo zakho kwi-BLM Wild Horse ne-Burro Programme
Kule ngongoma, i-BLM ihlola zonke iinketho ezifumanekayo ngokusemthethweni ekulawuleni ihashe yasendle kunye nabantu baseburro. Ukuba ungathanda ukunika izimvo kunye nolwazi njengelungu loluntu, iwebhusayithi ye-BLM ifom ye-intanethi yokuthumela amazwana.
I-Wild Horse kunye neBroro Iinkcukacha ezivela kwi-BLM
- I-Horse Free-Roaming Horse ne-Burros Act ka-1971
- I-BLM National Horse Horse kunye neBroro Information Centre
- I-BLM Nevada Wild Horse & Burro Programme
- I-BLM yeNkqubo yeSizwe yeHlabathi yeHalesi neBroro
- Ibhodi yeNgcebiso ye-National Wild Horse neBroro
Ukwamkela iHarm Horse okanye iBroro
- Ukwamkela i-Wild Horse okanye iBroro e-Nevada
- Inkqubo yokwamukelwa kwe-Intanethi yamaHhashi kunye neBroro
- I-Horse Horse ne-Burro Data Statistics
Amaqela okuLawulwa kwamaHlathi aMaHlathi aPhandle
Amaqela okukhuthaza iifama zasendle aphakamileyo anikezela ngamaphuzu ahlukeneyo kwimiba yehashe yasendle. Iziphakamiso ezihambayo zibandakanya ukulawulwa kokuzalwa okusebenzayo, ukubeka umgudu omkhulu ekukhuthazeni amahashe asendle njengendawo yokubhenketha, kunye nokubonelela ikhefu kumhlaba omkhulu abanamalungelo okubonelela ngononophelo lwexesha elide kunye nokutyalwa kwezilwanyana ezisuswe kwibala.
- Mustang iGugu Foundation
- League of Preservation League
- Masibe seSiseko seSiseko
- Umkhankaso wokuLondolozwa kwamaHlathi weMerika yaseMelika
- Iindleko zezilwanyana zasendle zasendle
- Ukugcina ama-Mustang amaMerika
Imithombo:
- Udliwano-ndlebe ngo-7/10/08 kunye no-Susie Stokke, iNkqubo ye-Wild Horse ne-Burro Ikhokela kwi-BLM Nevada, iCandelo lezoNcedo.
- I-Factsheet: Iingxaki ezijongene ne-BLM kwi-Horses yase-Wild kunye no-Burros, ngoJuni 30, 2008, i-Bureau of Management Land, i-Office of Public Affairs Office, Washington, DC: Qhagamshelana noTom Gorey (202) 452-5137.
- I-Reno Gazette Journal, 7/1/08, 7/7/08.
Ukwazisa okupheleleyo: Ndivolontiya kunye ne-BLM Nevada State Office, ngokuyinxalenye ebandakanyekayo kumsebenzi wezithombe.