IiApeports Airports

Isisombululo esikhulu seJapan kwisingxaki saseJapan

IJapan ineengxaki eziyingqayizivele-kakuhle, iJapan ineengxaki ezininzi eziyingqayizivele, kodwa siza kuhlasela omnye namhlanje. Ngokukodwa, iindawo ezixhamle ngokubanzi kwaye ngokubanzi zixinzelelo zoluntu. Yaye nangona uluntu lwaseJapan luhlala luyehla, luyafuna ukwakha iziseko, okuthi iiflethi. Kwenziwe ntoni?

Isisombululo ngokuqinisekileyo asiyikusebenzisa amalungelo asemgangathweni, njengoko amazwe afana neChina ne-Indiya athola ukunyanzela ukwenza. IJapane yafunda le ndlela enzima malunga neminyaka engama-40 eyadlulayo , ngexesha lokwakhiwa kweNqwelo-moya yaseNarita kufuphi neTokyo, ngoku iindawo ezihamba phambili kwilizwe lonke. Amafama asekuhlaleni asalathisa ibango lawo kwelinye ilizwe kwisiza se-sikhumulo, oko kuthetha ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo ayigqibekanga. Yokunai desu!

IJapan ubuncinane idumileyo ngobunjineli njengazo izinto ezintle, ezintle kwaye ezihle, ngoko icebo lezona zizwe zithatha ingqondo akumele likumangalise. Basebenzisa inzuzo enkulu yelizwe laseJapane-ulwandle olujikeleze kuwo onke macala-kwaye lwakhiwe nje iinqwelo-moya apho. Ewe, emva kokwakha iziqithi ezibonakalayo.

Nantsi ingqwalaselo kwiivenkile zeenqwelo eziphambili zeJapan, nakwezinye iindawo apho ubuchwepheshe babo buye busetyenziswa ngempumelelo. Ngaba uke wabuyela ngapha nawaphi na a maphepha?

• 01 ngo-06

  I-Airport ye-Osaka-Kansai

  Isikhumulo sezindiza sase-Osaka-Kansai, esilungisa indawo enokuthi iquka izixeko ezinokhenketho zaseKyoto naseNara, mhlawumbi i-airport eyaziwa kakhulu eJapan. Ukucinga ngeeminyaka yama-1980 emva nje kwe- Narita Airport debacle , i-Airport ye-Kansai yayidinga iminyaka engaphezu kweyisixhenxe yokwakha, i-seawall yee-48,000 ze-krete zeekhonkrithi kunye ne-21,000,000 cubic metres yokuzaliswa komhlaba ukuqinisekiswa kungekuphela nje ukuba yayihlala phezu kwamanzi, kodwa ukuba isiqithi Unokuhlangabezana nokuzamazama kwenyikima kunye neengqungquthela apho iJapane lithe tye. Isiphumo? Isikhumulo sezindiza esiyisihlanu esiphezulu seJapan kunye neqonga elide kunabo bonke behlabathi, phakathi kwezinye iindawo zokubamba.

  Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba ubunjineli buvelele kwiintlekele zemvelo, oko kukuthi inyikima enkulu eyenza iKobe kufuphi ne-1995. Nangona isantya sokuqala sokukhenkceza kwesikhumulo sezindiza sasinokukhawuleza kunokuba iinjineli zihlawulelwa okokuqala, iyancipha kwiminyaka yamuva.

• 02 we-06

  Nagoya-Centrair Airport

  Nangona i-Nagoya's Centrair (efutshane ne "Central Central Japan Airport") yayiyiyona moya yesikhumulo sezindiza esinesithathu esiseJapan (ngaphezulu kwesibini kwiziqendu ezimbalwa), ukuvula kwayo ngo-2005 kwakuyiyona nkcazo ephezulu kunazo zonke emva kwe-Osaka-Kansai, njengoko isebenza kwiindawo eziphambili zaseJapan ("Chubu") kwingingqi malunga neSixeko saseNagoya. Ngomnyaka we-2016, isikhumulo sezindiza sifumana enye indiza ehleliweyo ukuya eJapan evela eNyakatho Melika ngaphandle kwe-Osaka kunye namaziko eenqwelo-moya ezikhonza eTokyo: Inqwelo ye-Delta engeyiyo eDetroit.

  Ngokuqinisekileyo oonjiniyela baseJapan bafunde kwiingxaki ze-Kansai Airport-Centrair Airport sele bekhululekile kwiingxaki zobunjineli ezazibethelela umntakwabo omdala, kwaye ukwakhiwa kwayo kwakungabibizi kakhulu ngenxa yoko.

• 03 we-06

  Isikhululo seKobe

  Isikhumulo sezindiza saseKobe sasilula ngakumbi kune-Osaka okanye i-Nagoya, nangona le nto inokuyenza ngokuthi ivule iminyaka engama-12 emva kwe-Osaka-Kansai njengoko yenza ukuba iKobe ibe yikhuphethi esincinci kunase-Osaka: Ikhonza kuphela iindawo ezimbalwa zasekhaya . Enyanisweni, ekubeni iKobe iyingxenye yesithili esikhulu se Kansai, abagibeli bamazwe ngamazwe bahamba ngeenqanawa zomzila zaseJapane ezihamba phambili kwiinqwelo-moya eziya e-Osaka-Kansai.

  Kuhlala kubonakala kwinqanaba elithile elimangalisa ngayo inyikima-nyikimenti e-Osaka-Kansai liye lachazwa kwi-Airport yaseKobe. Nangu ukuthemba ukuba asisoze sifumana-kunzima ukucinga ukuba nayiphi na isakhiwo esithantayo esingaxakaliyo xa kwenzeka ukuzamazama komhlaba kukaKobe ka-1995!

• 04 we-06

  Ii-Airports zase-Kyushu

  Isiqithi saseKyushu sinamakhaya amabini eeplanti aseJapan: I-Nagasaki (eyona yinto yesibini ekhankanywe ngasentla); kunye neKitakyushu, ekhonza isixeko esiyiyo kuphela i-Japan aficionados iyafuna- le ngxowa ezaliswe ngeentyatyambo iyinxalenye enkulu yeebhakethi ezininzi zaseJapanophile.

  I-Airport ye-Nagasaki iyingqayizivele kuloluhlu, kuba ubuncinane inxalenye yesiqithi yakhiwe ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe. I-Airport yaseKitakyushu, ngakwelinye icala, efana ne-Kobe Airport yavulwa ngo-2006, yakhiwe kwisiqithi esenziwe kwinqanaba.

  Izithuthi zombini zase-Kyushu zinezithuthi eziphantsi. Inkonzo ehleliweyo yaseKitakyushu yiTokyo neNagoya, ngelixa abagibeli kwi-Airport yeNagasaki bangaya kwiidolophu ezizizwe ngezizwe ezifana neSeoul neShanghai, ngaphezu kwimizi yaseJapan.

• 05 ka 06

  Iikhenketho zeHlabathi ezizayo ezizayo

  IJapan ine-elwandle elininzi, kwaye ezininzi zeenqwelo zeenqwelo eziphambili zelizwe zinamandla. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukhethekileyo eTokyo, enikwe into ekhankanywe ngasentla ukuba i-Airport ye-Narita ayinakugqiba ngokupheleleyo. Ukuze uqiniseke, ngelixa i-Haneda Airport (e kufuphi nomzi) ikhululeka kakhulu ngaphambi kwee-Olimpiki ze-2020, kunemiqathango ekukhuleni kwayo.

  Akumangalisi, enikwe le ngcaciso, ukuba iziphakamiso ezininzi zeenkuthalo eziphambukayo zaseTokyo (ikakhulukazi "iMegafloat," ezafa ngo-2008) zicetywayo. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kunyanzeliswa ubunjineli obuyinkimbinkimbi kunamanye amaziko eenqwelo-moya kuloluhlu (i-Tokyo Bay geografi yenza ukuba i-tsunamis ibe yinto ekhethekileyo), kodwa xa ifika eJapane, kubonakala kungekho ntaba ephezulu ngokwaneleyo.

  (Ewe, ngaphandle nje komda wokwakha isikhumulo sezindiza.)

• 06 we-06

  Izikhumulo zee Airports ngaphandle kweJapan

  Ngaphandle kweJapan, isikhumulo sezindiza esibonakalayo esiphezulu sisisidolophu saseHong Kong, savuleka ngo-1998 ukuba singene endaweni yaseHong Kong (kunye nabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya). I-Hong Kong ibhekane nemingeni emininzi yobunjineli kunesiza sezindiza saseKhansai, njengoko iqhutywe ifundwe kwaye ifundela kubakhi beezindiza zeKhansai.

  Ukufikelela kwiindawo eziphambili ze-airports ngaphandle kweJapan, isibhakabhaka sinemida. Iingcamango zitshatiwe (i-pun kakhulu ihloselwe!) Kwiindawo zokungcebeleka ezikhuphayo ukuze zisebenze kwiindawo ezinemizila efana neNew York neLondon.

  Enyanisweni, qalisa ukuba: Ulwandle ngumlinganiselo. Emva koko, nangona ndibhekiselele kula majelo eenqwelo-moya njengama-"floating" aseburhulumenteni, ngokwenene badibanisa, ngoyilo. Ukuba ukuphakama kwamanqanaba olwandle kugcina ijubane langoku, sinokudinga ukuphuhlisa indlela entsha yokufikelela kwiindawo zeenqwelomoya!