Uthikazikazi kunye noMthunywa woNqoba
Ukuba uyatsalwa kumfazikazi ongumGrisi u-Nike, uya kuphumelela: U-Nike unkulunkulukazi wokunqoba. Kuyo yonke imbali yakhe, uye wadibanisana noothixo abanamandla kakhulu kwi-Greek Pantheon. Kwaye, ngokuzalwa kwakhe kwamaRoma, wangena ngolwimi lwethu ngaphezu kwegama lomqhubi okhuphisanayo kunye ne-anti-aircraft missle. AmaRoma abiza umnxeba wakhe uVictoria.
Funda kabanzi ngodadekazi, ibali lakhe, kunye neengcamango ezizungezile ngaphambi kokutyelela i- Acropolis yaseAthene , apho athatha indawo yakhe ngaphandle kwe-Athena.
Umthombo kaNike
Iintetho zamaGrike zithixo noothixokazi ziquka amagagasi amathathu oothixo. Oothixo abakhulu beyokuqala ukuvela kwi-Chaos - Gaia, uMama womhlaba; Kronos, umoya wexesha; Uranus, isibhakabhaka kunye neThalassa, umoya wolwandle, phakathi kwabo. Abantwana babo, i-Titans (u-Prometheus owanikela ngomlilo kumntu mhlawumbi odumileyo). Ngaloo ndlela, iiOlipiya - uZeus , uHera , Athena, Apollo kunye noAphrodite - zawahlula waza waba ziothixo abazikhokelayo.
Ngoku ngoku mhlawumbi uyazibuza ukuba yintoni le nto ihambelana ngayo neNike. Kuhamba ngendlela ethile ukuchaza imvelaphi yakhe eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokomnye ibali, yindoda kaPallas, unkulunkulu weTitan wempi yemfazwe olwa nxamnye ne-Olympians, kunye neSyx, inymph, intombi yeTitans kunye nomoya olawulayo umlambo omkhulu we-Underworld. Kwimbali enye, ebhalwe nguHomer, yintombi ka-Ares, unyana kaZeus kunye nonkulunkulu wama-Olympian wemfazwe - kodwa iindaba zikaNike mhlawumbi zandulela amabali ama-Ares ngamashumi eminyaka.
Ngexesha eliqhelekileyo, uninzi lwaba oothixo kunye noothixokazi bokuqala behlisiwe baba yinxaxheba yeempawu okanye iinkalo zothixo abanqununu, njengokuba iinqununu zamaonqulo amaHindu ziyimpawu zoothixo. Ngoko uPallas Athena kukubonakaliswa koothixokazi njengowomkhosi kunye no-Athena Nike unkulunkulukazi onqobayo.
Ubomi bentsapho bukaNike
U-Nike wayenalo u-consort okanye abantwana. Wayenabo bazalwana abathathu-iZelos (ukulwa), Kratos (strenth) kunye neBia (amandla). Yena kunye nabantakwabo babengumhlobo omkhulu kaZeus. Ngokwamangqina, unina kaNike u-Styx wamzisela uZeus onyana xa unkulunkulu wayehlanganisana kunye nabaseTitans.
Inxaxheba kaNike kwi-Mythology
Kwi-iconography yeklasikhi, i-Nike iboniswa njengabancinci abancinci, abafazi abanamaphiko anomkhonto wesundu okanye umtya. Uhlala ephethe abasebenzi baseHermes, efanekisela indima yakhe njengomthunywa weNtshulo. Kodwa, ngokude, amaphiko akhe amakhulu yimbonakalo yakhe enkulu. Enyanisweni, ngokuphambene nokubonakaliswa koothixo bokuqala abanamaphiko, abangathatha uhlobo lweentaka kwiibali, ngexesha eliqhelekileyo, iNike iyingqayizivele ngokuyigcina. Mhlawumbi wayeyidinga ngenxa yokuba udlalwa ngokujikeleza ngeenxa zonke zemfazwe, ukunqoba okuzuzekileyo, udumo, kunye nodumo ngokunikezela ngeengqungquthela ze-laurel. Ngaphandle kwamaphiko ayo, amandla akhe amandla akhe okusebenza ngokukhawuleza kunye nekhono lakhe njengomgibeli wenqwelo.
Ngenxa yokubonakala kwakhe okubonakalayo kunye nezakhono ezizodwa, u-Nike akayi kubonakala kumabali amaninzi. Inxaxheba yakhe ihlala iqabane kunye nomncedi kaZeus okanye uAthena.
Ithempeli likaNike
Ithempeli elincinci, elenziwe ngokugqibeleleyo le-Athena Nike, ngasekunene kwepropylaea - ukungena kwi-Acropolis yaseAthene-yile ndlu yokuqala, ithempile ye-Acropolis.
Yenzelwe nguKallikrates, omnye wabakhi beCarthenon ngexesha lolawulo lolawulo lwePericles, malunga ne-420 BC Isifanekiso sase-Athena esasimi phakathi kwayo sasingekho iphiko. Umhambi waseGrike kunye nomgogosho wasePausanias, ebhala malunga neminyaka engama-600 kamva, wabizwa nguThixokazi u-Athena Aptera, okanye ungenasiphelo. Ingcaciso yakhe kukuba ama-Athene asususa amaphikokazi ka-thixo ukuba amthinte ukuba aphume e-Athene.
Oku kwenzeka ukuba, kodwa kungekudala emva kokuba itempile igqityiwe, udongeni lwengqungquthela kunye ne-frieze yee-Nikes ezinamaphiko. Iiphaneli eziliqela zalo mlilo zingabonwa kwiMyuziyam yase-Acropolis, ngaphantsi kwe-Acropolis. Omnye wabo, u-Nike ulungelelanisa isanti yakhe, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"Sandal Binder" ibonisa unkulunkulukazi odwetshwe kwisiqulatho-esityhila intsimbi. Kucingwa njengenye yezinto ezibukrakra kakhulu kwi-Acropolis.
- Ukutyelela i-Acropolis ukususela ngo-8 ukuya kwe-5 ntambama, ukufakwa kwangoku ngo-4: 30 ntambama; Ukungena kwamanani epheleleyo ngo-2018 ngu-20 €. Ikhefu elikhethekileyo leetikiti, ezintle iintsuku ezintlanu ngentlawulo epheleleyo ye-30 €: iquka i-Agore yakudala yaseAthene, i-Museum of Archaeological Museum yaseKarameikos, indawo ye-Archaeological yaseLykeion, iThala leNcwadi ye-Hadrian, iMyuziyamu ye-Agora yamandulo (incomeka kakhulu), emithambeka ye-Acropolis kunye nezinye iindawo. Amananikithi athatywayo kunye neentsuku zamahhala ziyafumaneka. Ukutyelela lewebhu ukuze uthole iinkcukacha ezipheleleyo.
- Ukutyelela i-Acropolis Museum ukusuka ngo-9 ekuseni ebusika kwaye ukususela ngo-8 ekuseni ehlobo. Iiyure zokuvala ziyahluka. Ukuvunyelwa ngokubanzi, okufumaneka kwiimyuziyam okanye kwi-intanethi, yi-£ 5. Ukutyelela iwebsite ngolwazi olupheleleyo malunga neeyure kunye namaxabiso.
Umboniso ogqwesileyo kakhulu weNike awukho eGrisi nonke kodwa ulawula igalari yeLouvre eParis. Eyaziwa ngokuba yiNtshontsho eWinged, okanye iNtshontsho eWinged yeSamothrace, ithetha unkulunkulukazi omileyo kwisiqwenga somkhumbi. Yadalwa malunga ne-200 BC, mhlawumbi enye yezona ziqingqiweyo ezidumileyo kwihlabathi.